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15,350 full-text articles. Page 526 of 526.

Nanoparticle Bridge Dna Biosensor, Hong-Wen Huang 2010 University of Texas at Arlington

Nanoparticle Bridge Dna Biosensor, Hong-Wen Huang

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations

A new DNA sensing method is demonstrated in which DNA hybridization events lead to the formation of nanoparticle satellites that bridge two electrodes and are detected electrically. The hybridization events are exclusively carried out only on specific locations, the surfaces of C-ssDNA modified 50 nm GNPs. The uniqueness of this work is that only a small number of T-ccDNA molecules (<10) is required to form the nanoparticle satellites, allowing ultra-sensitive DNA sensing. The principle of this new DNA sensing technique has been demonstrated using target DNA and three-base-pair-mismatched DNA in 20nM concentrations. Three single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) system is used in our experiment which includes Capture-ssDNA (C-ssDNA), Target-ssDNA (T-ssDNA) and Probe-ssDNA (P-ssDNA). Both C-ssDNA and P-ssDNA are modified by a thiol group and can hybridize with different portions of T-ssDNA. T-ssDNA requires no modification in three ssDNA system, which is beneficial in many applications. C-ssDNA modified 50nm gold nanoparticle (C-50au) and P-ssDNA modified 30nm gold nanoparticle (P-30au) are prepared through the reaction of thiol-gold chemical bonding between thiolated ssDNA and gold nanoparticle (GNP) (C-ssDNA with 50nm GNP, P-ssDNA with 30nm GNP). We controllably place the C-50au only on the SiO2 band surface (~ 90nm width) between two gold electrodes (source and drain electrodes) by forming positively- and negatively-charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on SiO2 and gold surface, respectively. DNA modified GNP is negatively charged due to ionization of phosphate group on DNA back bone. C-50au therefore is negatively charged and can only be attracted toward SiO2 area (repelled by negatively charged gold electrode surface). The amine group of positively-charged SAMs on SiO2 surface is then passivated by converting to non-polar methyl functional group after C-50au placement. P-30au is first hybridized with T-ssDNA in the solution phase (T-P-30au formed) and is introduced into DNA detection device in which C-50au are immobilized on ~90nm width SiO2 band (between two gold electrodes). The passivation step ensures every T-P-30au are attached only to C-50au through hybridization (T-P-30au will not be attracted toward SiO2 surface or gold electrodes). GNP bridges are formed across the electrodes and provide an electrical path between two gold electrodes.We ensure that every T-P-30au only hybridizes on the surface of C-50au by (1) accurately controlling C-50au placement between two gold electrodes, (2) passivating positively-charged SAMs on SiO2 surface after C-50au immobilization. When T-P-30au hybridize with C-50au on ~90nm wide SiO2 surface, GNP bridges form and provide an electrical path between two gold electrodes even with only a few hybridization events. Experimental results show that even a few GNP bridges formed on SiO2 band can provide a significant conductance change from an open circuit to a conductive circuit (current = 0.5 uA at voltage = 0.1 V with four GNP bridge). We also used 3-base-pair-mismatched ssDNA (3mm-ssDNA) as a control experiment, which always resulted in an open circuit (no GNP bridge formed). Our detection device is compatible with current CMOS fabrication technology and can be manufactured on a wafer scale. The direct electrical output of this DNA detection technique provides a promising basis for high-throughput screening (can be fabricated on a wafer scale) with no expensive equipment required.


Formation Of Au Nanoparticles Through Reaction Of Na₃Au(So₃)₂ By Electrochemically Evolved Hydrogen, Yi Jiun Li 2010 University of Texas at Arlington

Formation Of Au Nanoparticles Through Reaction Of Na₃Au(So₃)₂ By Electrochemically Evolved Hydrogen, Yi Jiun Li

Material Science and Engineering Theses

Hydrogen evolution during electrochemical deposition has long been regarded as undesired and deliberately suppressed since small hydrogen bubbles could cause a rough surface of deposits. Here, we demonstrate a new role for electrochemically evolved hydrogen, serving as both templates and reducing agents for synthesizing Au nanoparticles via electroless depositions from Na₃Au(SO₃)₂ electrolytes. A series of experiments have been designed to investigate this new role. A working electrode of patterned Ag strips on the non-conductive substrates has been used. It has been observed that when a potential more negative than hydrogen evolution potential was applied to metal areas, a large amount …


Effect Of Phosphorus On Cleavage Fracture In Κ-Carbide, N. I. Medvedeva, Ryan A. Howell, David C. Van Aken, Julia E. Medvedeva 2010 Missouri University of Science and Technology

Effect Of Phosphorus On Cleavage Fracture In Κ-Carbide, N. I. Medvedeva, Ryan A. Howell, David C. Van Aken, Julia E. Medvedeva

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To understand the origin of cleavage fracture which dominates in Fe(Mn)-Al-C alloys at a high phosphorus concentration, we performed first-principles study of the phosphorus effect on ideal cleavage energy and critical stress in κ-carbide, Fe3 AlC, a precipitate in the austenitic alloys. We find that phosphorus has higher solubility in Fe3 AlC than in γ-Fe and sharply reduces the cleavage characteristics of κ-carbide. We show that strong anisotropy of the Fe-P bonds in Fe3 (Al,P) C under tensile stress, leads to the appearance of large structural voids and may facilitate crack nucleation.


Mining And Civilization, An Illustrated History, Fathi Habashi 2009 Laval University, Quebec City, Canada

Mining And Civilization, An Illustrated History, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

Mining and Civilization has been conceived to compliment the author's two books History of Metallurgy and Readings in Historical Metallurgy and to fill a gap in the literature. It is difficult to study the history of metallurgy without studying the history of mining at the same time. Each time the author visits ancient ruins or examines an ancient stone statue he recalls the work of miners who brought the material from a quarry so that the sculptor can create a work of art. History of mining, quarrying, and stone carving is history of civilization.


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