Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

The Microstructural Annealing Response Of Cold Gas Dynamically Sprayed Al 6061, Clayton Andrew Cushway

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Cold-Gas Dynamic-Spray process also known as Cold Spray (CS) has been researched for three decades. The CS process is a solid-state deposition technique via supersonic velocity of powder particles at a temperature significantly below the melting point of the spray material. This thesis presents background on the overall CS process parameters, and additional information on the microstructural and mechanical properties of typical Cold Sprayed materials.This Thesis primarily presents a study on the microstructural annealing response of CS Al 6061. It should be noted that for this study, the term “annealing” is used in the sense of the classical metallurgical …

ผลของการเติมยิปซั่มและดินขาวต่อเฟสและสมบัติของผลิตภัณฑ์แคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตภายใต้สภาวะไฮโดรเทอร์มัล, อัณศยา เอกสาธิต

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

สารประกอบแคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตเป็นองค์ประกอบสำคัญที่ส่งผลต่อสมบัติของผลิตภัณฑ์วัสดุก่อสร้างต่างๆ เนื่องจากเป็นเฟสหลักที่ทำหน้าที่เชื่อมประสานเฟสต่างๆในวัสดุก่อสร้างทำให้เกิดความแข็งแรงขึ้น ในงานวิจัยนี้ทำการศึกษาผลของการเติมดินขาวและยิปซั่มต่อเฟสของแคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตที่เกิดขึ้นและสมบัติของผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เตรียมได้ภายใต้สภาวะไฮโดรเทอร์มัลที่อุณหภูมิ 180 องศาเซลเซียส จากการทดลองพบว่าเมื่อเพิ่มอัตราส่วน Ca/Si ชิ้นงานที่เตรียมได้จะเกิดเฟสโทเบอร์โมไรท์และแคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตเจลในปริมาณสูงขึ้น ส่งผลทำให้ ความต้านแรงดัดของชิ้นงานเพิ่มขึ้น การเติมยิปซั่มจะเร่งให้เกิดเฟสโทเบอร์โมไรท์และแคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตเจล ซึ่งจะส่งผลทำให้ความต้านแรงดัดสูงขึ้น แต่เมื่อเติมยิปซั่มที่อัตราส่วน S/(Si+S) มากกว่า 0.025 จะส่งผลทำให้เกิดเฟสแอนไฮไดรต์เพิ่มมากขึ้น ซึ่งจะทำให้ความต้านแรงดัดมีค่าลดลง ในขณะที่การเติมดินขาวจะช่วยส่งเสริมการเกิดเฟส โทเบอร์โมไรท์แต่จะยับยั้งการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่างแคลเซียมไฮดรอกไซด์กับควอตซ์ทำให้เกิด แคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตเจลลดลง ส่งผลให้ความต้านแรงดัดจึงมีค่าลดลง เมื่อเติมดินขาวร่วมกับยิปซั่มพบว่า สมบัติของชิ้นงานที่เตรียมได้จะขึ้นกับชนิดของสารตัวเติมที่ควบคุมปฏิกิริยา โดยยิปซั่มจะควบคุมการเกิดปฏิกิริยาเมื่อเติมดินขาวในปริมาณน้อย การเติมยิปซั่มในปริมาณที่สูงขึ้นจะทำให้เฟสแคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตเจลและโทเบอร์โมไรท์มีปริมาณที่สูงขึ้น แต่เมื่อชิ้นงานนั้นมีการเติมดินขาวในปริมาณที่สูง ดินขาวจะเริ่มควบคุมการเกิดปฏิกิริยาร่วมกับยิปซั่มส่งผลให้เกิดเฟสโทเบอร์โมไรท์ได้ดีขึ้นแต่จะยับยั้งการเกิดเฟสแคลเซียมซิลิเกตไฮเดรตเจล โดยในกรณีที่เตรียมชิ้นงานที่อัตราส่วน Ca/(Si+S+Al) ต่ำ จะทำให้ปฏิกิริยาระหว่างสารตั้งต้นเกิดได้อย่างสมบูรณ์ไม่พบพอร์ตแลนไดต์หลงเหลือในระบบ ส่งผลให้ชิ้นงานมีความต้านแรงดัดสูง ในขณะที่ชิ้นงานที่เตรียมด้วยอัตราส่วน Ca/(Si+S+Al) สูง จะมี พอร์ตแลนไดต์หลงเหลือในชิ้นงานในปริมาณสูง ส่งผลทำให้ค่าความต้านแรงดัดมีค่าต่ำ

Development And Evaluation Of Post-Production Oxygenation Techniques For The Augmentation Of Biochar, Matthew David Huff

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Biochar is the carbon rich solid by-product of biomass pyrolysis. Interest in biochar can be broken down to several main categories: use as a carbon sequestration agent, use as a medium for the removal via adsorption of unwanted materials in wastewater, and as a soil amendment for the increase of cation exchange capacity (CEC). In order to generate a biochar which is stable enough for carbon sequestration, higher temperature pyrolysis must be used in order to ensure a lower O:C ratio in order to increase the half-life of biochar in soil. This dissertation addresses the evaluation of biochars made from …

Characterization And Tailoring Of Powder Used In Additive Manufacturing And Plasma Spheroidization, Caitlin S. Kriewall

Masters Theses

"There are many processes that use metal powder as the starting material for the production of parts. With the growth of these manufacturing techniques, more critical part applications are being considered. In order to fully understand the process and create consistent parts, powder properties need to be well understood. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder bed-based additive manufacturing process. During processing, heat-affected powders are generated and can deposit within the build area. The current work investigated the characterization of heat-affected 304L stainless steel powder using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to detect …

Mitigation Of Environmental Hazards Of Sulfide Mineral Flotation With An Insight Into Froth Stability And Flotation Performance, Muhammad Badar Hayat

Doctoral Dissertations

"Today's major challenges facing the flotation of sulfide minerals involve constant variability in the ore composition; environmental concerns; water scarcity and inefficient plant performance. The present work addresses these challenges faced by the flotation process of complex sulfide ore of Mississippi Valley type with an insight into the froth stability and the flotation performance. The first project in this study was aimed at finding the optimum conditions for the bulk flotation of galena (PbS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the second project, an attempt was made to replace toxic sodium cyanide (NaCN) with the biodegradable chitosan …

Turbulence, Entrainment And Low-Order Description Of A Transitional Variable-Density Jet, Bianca Viggiano, Tamara S. Dib, N. Ali, L. G. Mastin, Raúl Bayoán Cal, S. A. Solovitz

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Geophysical flows occur over a large range of scales, with Reynolds numbers and Richardson numbers varying over several orders of magnitude. For this study, jets of different densities were ejected vertically into a large ambient region, considering conditions relevant to some geophysical phenomena. Using particle image velocimetry, the velocity fields were measured for three different gases exhausting into air – specifically helium, air and argon. Measurements focused on both the jet core and the entrained ambient. Experiments considered relatively low Reynolds numbers from approximately 1500 to 10 000 with Richardson numbers near 0.001 in magnitude. These included a variety of …

Implementation Of Magnesium Alloy Az91d On Wire And Arc Additive Manufacturing, David Adrian Martinez Holguin

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

As progress on Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques focusing on ceramics and polymers evolve, metals continue to be a challenging material to manipulate when fabricating products. Current methods, such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) face many intrinsic limitations due to the nature of their processes. Material selection, elevated cost and low deposition rates are some of the barriers to consider when one of these methods is to be used for the fabrication of engineering products. The research here presented demonstrates the use of a Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) system for the creation of metallic …

Characterization Of 3d Printed Polylactic Acid/ Polycaprolactone/Titanium Dioxide Composites For Bone Replacement And Grafting, Sandra Elena Najera Beltran

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

A material that mimics the properties of bones was developed by optimizing the ratio of polymer composites of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), containing small amounts of titanium oxide (TiO2). Although titanium-based alloys have commonly been used for bone replacement procedures due to their biocompatibility with the human body and their mechanical properties, stress shielding continues to be a problem. The structure of a bone has a porosity which permits the flow of nutrients, blood, oxygen and minerals, and is an issue at the time of creating bone replacements using conventional methods. PLA and PCL have been used in …

Development And Characterization Of Novel Materials For The Advancement Of Additive Manufacturing By Material Extrusion 3d Printing, Jose Gilberto Siqueiros

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The development of additive manufacturing technologies has been under the spotlight from the past decade due to its enormous potential to disrupt current manufacturing processes. Material extrusion 3D printing (ME3DP) is the most common type of additive manufacturing technology as it experienced an exponential growth after the expiration of the fused deposition modeling patent filed in 1989 by Scott Crump. The large interest behind this technology is generated from the capacity to create complex shapes, rapid prototyping, relatively ease of use, low cost, and high accessibility. The gradual evolution of material extrusion 3D printing calls to become a technology ordinarily …

Titanium Incorporated Gallium Oxide (Ga-Ti-O): Structure Property Relationship And Performance Evaluation For Extreme Environment Applications, Sandeep Manandhar

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The existing power generation systems, which utilize fossil fuels, are in dire need of efficient, reliable chemical sensors that can operate safely at higher temperatures. These sensors control the combustion environment and the emissions during combustion. Several sensing materials such as SnO2, ZnO, TiO2, WO3, and Ga2O3 exhibit high sensitivity to certain type of chemical molecules and in a certain range of temperatures. Among these candidate materials, β-Ga2O3 is stable at very high temperatures and has shown functionality for oxygen sensing at higher temperatures (>700°C). However, the response time and sensitivity must be significantly improved in order to derive …

Plasmon-Enhanced Optical Sensing By Engineering Metallic Nanostructures, Peng Zheng

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The world’s booming population projected to reach 10 billion by 2050 causes enormous stresses on environmental safety, food supply, and healthcare, which in return threatens human civilizations. One of the most promising solutions lies at innovating point-of-care (POC) sensing technologies to conduct detection of environmental hazards, monitoring of food safety, and early diagnosis of diseases in a timely and accurate manner. The discovery of surface-enhanced spectroscopy in the 1970s has significantly stimulated research on light-matter interaction which gives rise to enhanced optical phenomena such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF), and particularly, they have found enormous applications in …

Detection Of Buried Non-Metallic (Plastic And Frp Composite) Pipes Using Gpr And Irt, Jonas Kavi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research investigated alternative strategies for making buried non-metallic pipes (CFRP, GFRP, and PVC) easily locatable using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Pipe diameters up to 12" and buried with up to 4 ft. of soil cover were investigated. The findings of this study will help address the detection problem of non-metallic pipelines and speed the adoption of composite pipes by the petroleum and natural gas industry. The research also investigated the possibility of locating buried pipes transporting hot fluids using Infrared Thermography (IRT).

Results from the study have shown that, using carbon fabric and aluminum tape overlay on non‑metallic pipes …

Nonlinear Coupled Effects In Nanomaterials, Sia Bhowmick

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Materials at the nanoscale have different chemical, structural, and optoelectrical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. As a result, such materials, called nanomaterials, exhibit observable differences in certain physical phenomena. One such resulting phenomenon called the piezoelectric effect has played a crucial role in miniature self-powering electronic devices called nanogenerators which are fabricated by using nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanofilms. These devices are capable of harvesting electrical energy by inducing mechanical strain on the individual nanostructures. Electrical energy created in this manner does not have environmental limitations. In this thesis, important coupled effects, such as the nonlinear piezoelectric …

Studying Mass And Mechanical Property Changes During The Degradation Of A Bioadhesive With Mass Tracking, Rheology And Magnetoelastic (Me) Sensors, Zhongtian Zhang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In this research, the degradable polymer 4-arm poly (ethylene glycol)-glutaric acid-dopamine (PEG-GA-DM₄) was synthesized. The degradation behavior of crosslinked PEG-GA-DM₄ bioadhesive was studied with mass tracking, oscillatory rheology, and magnetoelastic (ME) sensors. Changes in mechanical properties were correlated with both dry mass and wet mass changes during the degradation. The results indicate that the loss of mechanical property in the bioadhesive can take place without losing the dry mass. The mass loss profile cannot describe the degradation behavior completely. In addition to studying the degradation of PEG-GA-DM₄, this research also confirms the application of ME …

Nondestructive Evaluation Of Salvage White Spruce, Tyler Hovde

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Knowledge of wood quality in dead standing trees is an important topic with recent increases in defoliation across North America. Obtaining wood quality information for defoliated trees would help stakeholders in the timber products industry sort and sell salvaged material for the highest possible value. This research investigates the ability to measure wood quality of white spruce (Picea glauca) after spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) attack using acoustic nondestructive evaluation. We compared stress wave velocities measured on standing trees to trees’ visual appearance. After harvest and processing of selected trees into bolts, standing-tree stress wave velocities were compared to bolt acoustic …

A Scientific Approach To Understanding The Head Trauma Endured By A Mixed Martial Arts Fighter, John William Michael Sorbello

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this research is to gain some insight on the type of head trauma an athlete may encounter during mixed martial arts (MMA) competition. These athletes endure continuous blows to the head throughout their training and fighting career. The knowledge obtained from this research may assist MMA athletes and trainers in assessing the way they train, how they compete and, more importantly, how long they choose to compete in their amateur or professional MMA career.

The analysis is performed by first creating a three-dimensional solid model of the human head based on geometric coordinates originally obtained from a …

Development Of Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Nickel-Based Super Alloy Powders For Additive Manufacturing, Sizhe Huang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened (ODS) Nickel-Based superalloy has been drawn a huge attention and developed with good oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and high creep strength. It has been considered as critical materials for Additive Manufacturing (AM). The quality and the efficiency of fabrication methods of ODS limits the performance of itself on AM. The development of new type of ODS, new methodologies and evaluation techniques are required if the enhanced quality of ODS and enhanced efficiency of fabrication are to be achieved. Of the current fabrication techniques for AM, Gas Atomization (GA) is widely used since they can generate spherical powders with high …

The Nakahara Effect And Its Influence On Solution-Based 3d Printed Films, Daryl Kwakye-Ackah

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Motivated by the Nakahara Effect, the influence of altering printing parameters on fragmentation mechanism(s) of directly written titanium dioxide(TiO₂) films is investigated. The Nakahara effect states that a long lasting memory can be introduced into a colloidal system prior to drying, affecting the type of crack pattern formed due to externally applied forces. TiO₂ has important applications due to its interesting semiconducting properties, tunable band gap, photocatalytic properties, biocompatibility, and relative abundance. This is the reason it is used in this project as a model printing ink system.

In this research, two deposition methods (i.e. direct-ink writing …

Enhanced Hot Electron Lifetimes In Quantum Wells With Inhibited Phonon Coupling, Hamidreza Esmaielpour, Vincent R. Whiteside, Herath P. Piyathilaka, Sangeetha Vijeyaragunathan, Bin Wang, Echo Adcock-Smith, Kenneth P. Roberts, Tetsuya D. Mishima, Michael B. Santos, Alan D. Bristow, Ian R. Sellers

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Hot electrons established by the absorption of high-energy photons typically thermalize on a picosecond time scale in a semiconductor, dissipating energy via various phonon-mediated relaxation pathways. Here it is shown that a strong hot carrier distribution can be produced using a type-II quantum well structure. In such systems it is shown that the dominant hot carrier thermalization process is limited by the radiative recombination lifetime of electrons with reduced wavefunction overlap with holes. It is proposed that the subsequent reabsorption of acoustic and optical phonons is facilitated by a mismatch in phonon dispersions at the InAs-AlAsSb interface and serves to …

Induced Ferromagnetism In Multilayered Graphene In Proximity With Cofe2o4, Himanshu Verma, Dereje Seifu, Shashi P. Karna, Haiping Hong, Mohindar S. Seehra

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Composites of anisotropic diamagnetic multilayer Graphene (MLG) and ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a one-step sonication process in the presence of a surfactant. The samples were characterized at ambi- ent using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magnetometry (vibrating sample magnetometer). An induced ferromagnetism was observed in MLG with saturation magnetization MS = 18 emu/g(MLG). This induced ferromagnetism is attributed to ferrimagnetic CFO uniformly distributed on the surface of diamagnetic MLG. SEM images confirm uniform dense distribu- tion of CFO nanoparticles on MLG. MFM images …