Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Parametric Optimization Of Friction Stir Welding Of Aa6061-T6 Samples Using The Copper Donor Stir-Assisted Material Method, Aiman H. Al-Allaq, Joseph Maniscalco, Srinivasa Naik Bhukya, Zhenhua Wu, Abdelmageed Elmustafa

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

This study presents an optimization of the process parameters for the effect of copper (Cu) donor material percentage on the friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 alloy. Extensive factorial experiments were conducted to determine the significance of the rotational speed (ω), the transverse speed (v), the interface coefficient of friction (μ), and the Cu donor material percentage in the plunge, left, right, and downstream zones. Design Expert 13 software was used to identify the number of simulation experiments to be conducted using the Abaqus simulation software. From Design Expert 13, which is a thorough multi-objective optimization analysis software, we were …

Underlying Substrate Effect On Electrochemical Activity For Hydrogen Evolution Reaction With Low-Platinum-Loaded Catalysts, Baleeswaraiah Muchharla, Peter V. Sushko, Kishor K. Sadasivuni, Wei Cao, Akash Tomar, Hani Elsayed-Ali, Adetayo Adedeji, Abdennaceur Karoui, Joshua M. Spurgeon, Bijandra Kumar

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Platinum is known as the best catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but the scarcity and high cost of Pt limit its widespread applicability. Herein, the role of the underlying substrate on the HER activity of dispersed Pt atoms is uncovered. A direct current magnetron sputtering technique is utilized to deposit transition metal (TM) thin films of W, Ti, and Ta as underlying substrates for extremely low loading of Pt (

Thermal Diffusivity And Acoustic Properties Of Nb Thin Films Studied By Time-Domain Thermoreflectance, Md. Obidul Islam, Hani Elsayed-Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The thermal diffusion and acoustic properties of Nb impacts the thermal management of devices incorporating Nb thin films such as superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities and superconducting high-speed electronic devices. The diffusion and acoustic properties of 200-800 nm thick Nb films deposited on Cu substrates were investigated using time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR). The films were examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The grain size and thermal diffusivity increase with film thickness. The thermal diffusivity increased from 0.100± 0.002 cm²s^-1 to 0.237± 0.002 cm²s^-1 with the increase in film thickness from 200 …

Real-Time Spectroscopic Ellipsometry For Flux Calibrations In Multi-Source Co-Evaporation Of Thin Films: Application To Rate Variations In Cuinse₂ Deposition, Dhurba R. Sapkota, Balaji Ramanujam, Puja Pradhan, Mohammed A. Razooqi Alaani, Ambalanath Shan, Michael J. Heben, Sylvain Marsillac, Nikolas J. Podraza, Robert W. Collins

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Flux calibrations in multi-source thermal co-evaporation of thin films have been developed based on real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) measurements. This methodology has been applied to fabricate CuInSe₂ (CIS) thin film photovoltaic (PV) absorbers, as an illustrative example, and their properties as functions of deposition rate have been studied. In this example, multiple Cu layers are deposited step-wise onto the same Si wafer substrate at different Cu evaporation source temperatures (TCu). Multiple In₂Se₃ layers are deposited similarly at different In source temperatures (TIn). Using RTSE, the Cu and In₂Se₃ deposition rates are determined as …

Predictions Of Lattice Parameters In Niti High-Entropy Shape-Memory Alloys Using Different Machine Learning Models, Tu-Ngoc Lam, Jiajun Jiang, Min-Cheng Hsu, Shr-Ruei Tsai, Mao-Yuan Luo, Shuo-Ting Hsu, Wen-Jay Lee, Chung-Hao Chen, E-Wen Huang

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This work applied three machine learning (ML) models—linear regression (LR), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR)—to predict the lattice parameters of the monoclinic B19′ phase in two distinct training datasets: previously published ZrO₂-based shape-memory ceramics (SMCs) and NiTi-based high-entropy shape-memory alloys (HESMAs). Our findings showed that LR provided the most accurate predictions for a_c, a_m, b_m, and c_m in NiTi-based HESMAs, while RF excelled in computing βm for both datasets. SVR disclosed the largest deviation between the predicted and actual values of lattice parameters for both training datasets. A combination approach …

Investigation Of The Effect Of Preparation Parameters On The Structural And Mechanical Properties Of Gelatin/Elastin/Sodium Hyaluronate Scaffolds Fabricated By The Combined Foaming And Freeze-Drying Techniques, Mansour Qamash, S. Misagh Imani, Meisam Omidi, Ciara Glancy, Lobat Tayebi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of different preparation parameters, including agitation speed, agitation time, and chilling temperature, on the structural and mechanical properties of a novel gelatin/elastin/sodium hyaluronate tissue engineering scaffold, recently developed by our research group. Fabricated using a combination of foaming and freeze-drying techniques, the scaffolds were assessed to understand how these parameters influence their morphology, internal microstructure, porosity, mechanical properties, and degradation behavior. The fabrication process used in this study involved preparing a homogeneous aqueous solution containing 8% gelatin, 2% elastin, and 0.5% sodium hyaluronate (w/v), which was then subjected to mechanical agitation at speeds …

Direct Measurement Of Microwave Loss In Nb Films For Superconducting Qubits, B. Abdisatarov, D. Bafia, A. Murthy, G. Eremeev, H. E. Elsayed-Ali, J. Lee, A. Netepenko, C. P. A. Carlos, S. Leith, G. J. Rosaz, A. Romanenko, A. Grassellino

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Niobium films are a key component in modern two-dimensional superconducting qubits, yet their contribution to the total qubit decay rate is not fully understood. The presence of different layers of materials and interfaces makes it difficult to identify the dominant loss channels in present two-dimensional qubit designs. In this paper, we present the study that directly correlates measurements of RF losses in such films to material parameters by investigating a high-power impulse magnetron sputtered (HiPIMS) film atop a three-dimensional niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) resonator. By using a 3D SRF structure, we are able to isolate the niobium film loss …

A Comprehensive Review Of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motors: Classifications, Characterization, Fabrication, Applications, And Future Challenges, Sidra Naz, Tian-Bing Xu

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors (USMs) are actuators that use ultrasonic frequency piezoelectric vibration-generated waves to transform electrical energy into rotary or translating motion. USMs receive more attention because they offer distinct qualities over traditional magnet-coil-based motors, such as miniaturization, great accuracy, speed, non-magnetic nature, silent operation, straightforward construction, broad temperature operations, and adaptability. This review study focuses on the principle of USMs and their classifications, characterization, fabrication methods, applications, and future challenges. Firstly, the classifications of USMs, especially, standing-wave, traveling-wave, hybrid-mode, and multi-degree-of-freedom USMs, are summarized, and their respective functioning principles are explained. Secondly, finite element modeling analysis for design and …

Heating Capacity And Biocompatibility Of Hybrid Nanoparticles For Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment, Aline Alexandrina Gomes, Thalita Marcolan Valverde, Vagner De Oliveira Machado, Emanueli Do Nascimento Da Silva, Daniele Alves Fagundes, Fernanda De Paula Oliveira, Erico Freitas, José Domingos Ardisson, José Maria Da Fonte Ferreira, Junnia Alvarenga De Carvalho Oliveira, Eliza Rocha Gomes, Caio Fabrini Rodrigues, Alfredo Miranda De Goes, Rosana Zacarias Domingues, Ângela Leão Andrade

Michigan Tech Publications

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and has been responsible for millions of deaths. However, developing a satisfactory smart multifunctional material combining different strategies to kill cancer cells poses a challenge. This work aims at filling this gap by developing a composite material for cancer treatment through hyperthermia and drug release. With this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles were coated with a polymer matrix consisting of poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate) and a poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction confirmed magnetite to be the only iron oxide in the sample. Cytotoxicity …

Assessment Of Defect Generation Mechanism In Welding Processes Using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (Paut), Caleb D. Williams

Honors College Theses

Welding is one of the major and most commonly used methods of material joining in industries around the world. The mechanisms of welding include complicated processes which can cause significant alteration in final properties and quality of the weld compared to the base materials. Due to these physical and chemical processes during the welding processes, defects and flaws can be generated. Observing such flaws over the years, leads engineers and researchers to investigate the methodologies to identify the cause and effect of defects and their effect on the quality of the welds. A better understanding of such parameters helps to …

Experimental Investigation On Properties Of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiberboard Manufactured With Different Techniques, Amany G. Micheal Prof., Marianne Nabil Girgis Ass. Prof., Omar Mohasen Khalaf Eng.

Architectural Engineering

Within an ongoing research project investigating the use of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to develop different building materials, this article adopts an experimental approach to determine the effect of the manufacturing technique on proposed composite fiberboards. Two different prototypes of composite fiberboards are developed using (SCB) as a natural fiber, and different matrices are tested. The epoxy resin and polyester resin are used as the alternative matrices. Fiberboards are proposed to be used as cladding boards or as internal furnishing units material instead of using MDF or HDF that exploit the usage of natural soft or hard wood that is unrecyclable, …

A Simple, Inexpensive Alkaline Method For Bacterial Dna Extraction From Environmental Samples For Pcr Surveillance And Microbiome Analyses, Abdulkarim Shwani, Bin Zuo, Adnan Alrubaye, Jiangchao Zhao, Douglas D. Rhoads

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

DNA extraction for downstream molecular diagnostic applications can be an expensive, time-consuming process. We devised a method to quickly extract total bacterial DNA from environmental samples based on the sodium hydroxide lysis of cells with or without capture by magnetic beads for subsequent PCR or quantitative PCR. The final DNA extraction method using NaOH is extremely low-cost and can be completed in as little as 10 min at room temperature with dilution, or the DNA can be further purified using silica-coated paramagnetic beads. NaOH extraction was effective for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in samples from air, soil, sewage, food, laboratory …

Change Of Metal Oxidation State At High Temperature, Impact Of Temperature And Reactive Gases, Yegor Nikitin

Dissertations and Theses

The fundamental understanding of gas-solid reactions enables a wide range of applications to be developed and improved. Specifically, the use of metal-based materials is critical to ensuring robust, safe, and long-term operations. For example, in power systems where boilers are used to generate steam for heat or electricity generation the use of stainless metal alloys is critical to allow high quality steam to be produced in a very harsh environment. Alternatively, in catalysis, the use of metal doped heterogeneous catalysts are essential in achieving selectivity and conversion performance for chemical synthesis to emissions abatement. Typically, these metal alloys must withstand …

The Effect Of Nanoconfined Liquid Properties On The Water-Responsive Behavior Of Bacterial Cell Walls, Seungri Kim

Dissertations and Theses

Water-responsive (WR) materials have the ability to mechanically swell and shrink in response to changes in relative humidity (RH). These WR materials are used by many biological systems to perform essential tasks; for example, pinecones use WR materials to release their seeds in dry environments, and wheat awns open and close to propel seeds into the soil, driven by daily RH changes. The WR actuation of some biomaterials is extremely powerful, for example Bacillus subtilis cell walls display record-high actuation energy and power densities of 72 MJ m^-3 and 9.1 MW m^-3, surpassing those of all existing …

The Effect Of Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregates On The Mechanical And Durability Properties Of Concrete, Abbas Chour, Jamal Khatib

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

The fast increase of construction and demolition (C&D) operations has resulted in the creation of massive amounts of garbage, which must be cleared. Reusing C&D waste is of significant importance for environmental conservation and resource utilization. One such alternative for structural concrete is recycled concrete aggregate obtained from building and demolition debris. In this context, the present study aims to comprehensively review the current state of the art in fine recycled concrete materials (fRCA), including their physical properties, technological advantages, mechanical properties, and durability characteristics. The study establishes a paradigm for evaluating the quality of fRCA, whether created in a …

Advancing Polymer Sustainability Through Custom Interpenetrating Polymer Network Synthesis, Processing, And Design, Alexandra Maria Lehman-Chong

Theses and Dissertations

The need for improving polymer sustainability is as ubiquitous as the role of polymers in modern society. Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) design flexibility offers opportunities for improved polymer sustainability while balancing desired polymer properties for various applications. This work investigates the structure-property-processing relationships of IPNs judiciously designed under the framework of the polymer life cycle. Sustainable polymer design was largely considered at the feedstock and manufacturing stages while considering overall polymer performance. Chemicals from bio-based feedstocks were used to design a full simultaneous polybenzoxazine-epoxy IPN, focusing on the effects of monomer and polymer structure on polymer properties. Processing-property relationships were …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Application Of Quantum Algorithms In The Synthesis Of Dynamic Objects, Noilakhon Yakubova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Around the world, the food industry is focusing on achieving energy and resource efficiency. One of the main challenges in the field of process automation is the creation of effective control systems using intelligent technologies to improve the quality of processes and achieve the production of high-quality products with less energy and resources. Therefore, it is necessary to work with a large amount of data. Particular attention is paid to the development of computational algorithms for automated high-speed computational analysis systems for processing this data at high speed. Therefore, the article discusses the use of quantum computing methods in controlling …

Fabrication & Characterization Of Hybrid Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Nanocomposite Nanogenerators Via Fusion Deposition Modeling, Khaled El Toukhy

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis aims to discuss the potential of using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators (PTENGs) for energy harvesting, particularly in the sportswear industry. PTENG's main advantage is that it offers good flexibility making it suitable for high-strain applications. The piezoelectric effect is induced by embedding piezoelectric nanofillers into one of the two triboelectric layers. PTENGs can generate both piezoelectric and triboelectric signals when strained resulting in an enhanced output compared to regular piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). TPU was adopted as the matrix for PTENGs advantageous due to their flexibility, low electrical resistivity, and compatibility with additive manufacturing techniques. …

Ai-Enabled Assessment Of Roadway Integrity: Forecasting Bitumen Deformation And Road Stability Throughout The Lifecycle Under Traffic Impact, Sabahudin Vrtagic, Milan Dordevic, Fatih Dogan, Muhammed Codur, Mario Hoxha, Edis Softic

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt-paved Road junctions frequently encounter deformation and degradation challenges due to heavy vehicular traffic and varying climatic conditions, such as temperature fluctuations and precipitation. This study employs a multifaceted approach, incorporating a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model, ancillary machine learning techniques, and optimization methodologies, to address these challenges effectively. The primary objectives are the prediction and analysis of pavement deformation, the optimization of maintenance strategies, and the evaluation of road effectiveness. Our findings underscore the substantial contribution of heavy vehicles to road erosion and the profound impact of vehicular retention and braking at intersections. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model is utilized …