Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors,
2021
Wright State University
Psychological Aspects In Pilot Training: Cognition And Human Factors, Shagun Gupta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Introduction-International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) SHELL model was designed to study and investigate the way the pilot interacted with the various dimensions of the model. Aim-The present study aimed to explore psychological aspects while flying using the dimensions of ICAO’s SHELL model of aviation. Methods-The study followed the qualitative research paradigm. The sample consisted of 9 (Males =4, Female =5) student trainee pilots in the age range of 18 – 21 years. They were subjected to in-depth interviews which lasted for around 30 minutes. The data were analyzed using the thematic network of analysis. Results-The results show that in the …
Utilizing Immersive Technologies In The Air Traffic Control Domain,
2021
Wright State University
Utilizing Immersive Technologies In The Air Traffic Control Domain, Shivani Bajaj, Andrew Jorquera, Charlie Duff, Rafael N.C. Patrick
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) holds a vital role in the United States, employing over 14,000 Air Traffic Control/Management (ATC/ATM) specialists responsible for managing roughly 43,000 flights each day. ATC education “wash-out” rates have shown that there is a disconnect between the training process and the implementation of cognitively demanding, safety-critical ATC duties. The purpose of this research was to investigate if, how, and where immersive technologies (i.e., augmented, virtual, and mixed reality) could be helpful within the ATC/ATM educational domain. To accomplish the overall research goal, subject matter expert (SME) interviews were conducted and a potential educational tool was …
Task Modeling In Air Traffic Control With Trajectorized En-Route Traffic Data Processing System,
2021
Wright State University
Task Modeling In Air Traffic Control With Trajectorized En-Route Traffic Data Processing System, Sungju Maeng, Makoto Itoh, Hiroko Hirabayashi, Atsushi Senoguchi
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
As the volume of flight is extended, it is expected that the task complexity of air traffic controllers will increase. In Japan, air traffic control in en-route airspace is operating with TEPS (Trajectorized En-route Traffic Data Processing System), which has functions to display information necessary for air traffic controllers’ tasks. It has evolved to support the controllers with less workload, resulting in escalated interaction between controllers. However, paradoxically this means more information is provided and more workload would be required. In order to manage mental workload of air traffic controllers, detailed analyses of their tasks with TEPS are needed. In …
A Model Of Space Operator Training Motivation Using Serious Games,
2021
Wright State University
A Model Of Space Operator Training Motivation Using Serious Games, Foster E. Davis, Michael E. Miller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Services provided by spacecraft, including communications and global positioning, are integral to small businesses, multinational corporations, and the United States Department of Defense. United States rivals recognize the advantage provided by the space domain and are exploring ways to degrade these services in their warfare doctrine. In response, the United States requires space systems suited to counter these threats and personnel who are trained to respond to the newly contested environment. Training research has shown that trainee characteristics, including motivation, can significantly impact training outcomes. Beyond the training literature, guidelines have been developed for motivating game play which might apply …
Transitioning From Face-To-Face To Virtual Training: Trainee Perceptions Of Virtual Air Traffic Training,
2021
Wright State University
Transitioning From Face-To-Face To Virtual Training: Trainee Perceptions Of Virtual Air Traffic Training, Brett S. Torrence, Chanda Sanders, Charla Long
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The public health emergency has adversely impacted the aviation community, resulting in reduced air traffic operations and challenges for the workforce. The Air Traffic Controller workforce has experienced interruptions to initial and on-the-job training due to social distancing practices and extended periods of reduced traffic. In response, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) transitioned components of its air traffic training to an online (virtual) platform to continue training and reduce delays. An initial evaluation of the FAA’s Virtual Air Traffic Basics and Virtual Initial Lessons courses was conducted by examining air traffic control trainee (N = 180) perceptions of the virtual …
Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?,
2021
Wright State University
Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?, Christine M. Talker
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Dealing successfully with unforeseen safety-critical situations is a prerequisite for save pilot performance. Studies applying new attention-based training approaches have revealed positive effects on emotion regulation and on concentration abilities. Hence, the question arises to what extent attention training would facilitate cognitive adaptation processes, thereby attenuating emotional stress responses and reducing performance decrements in unforeseen flight situations. Twenty-four pilots will be randomly assigned to two groups and will either be trained in attention regulation or in relaxation techniques. “Home training” will be followed by training in the flight simulator. Performance ratings, video and audio recordings, subjective data, and EDA data …
Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys,
2021
Wright State University
Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys, Andrey K. Babin, Andrew R. Dattel
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Twin-engine propeller aircraft accidents occur for many reasons including misidentifying a failed engine. Pilots learn to use a procedure called dead leg-dead engine to identify the failed engine; however, misidentification of the failed engine still occurs, questioning the effectiveness of this procedure. Two surveys were created. Survey 1 was completed by 49 airline pilots operating twin-engine turboprop aircraft; Survey 2 was completed by 22 instructor pilots operating twin-engine piston aircraft. Survey 1: Average flight time was 6,230 hours. Approximately 19% of respondents reported using the Engine-Out procedure at least once. Twenty-nine percent agreed that there could be a better method …
Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches And Landings In Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis,
2021
Wright State University
Go-Around Noncompliance During Unstabilized Approaches And Landings In Commercial Aviation: A Human Factors Analysis, Garrin Ross, Linda Tomko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Informed by findings and recommendations from the Flight Safety Foundation’s Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Task Force, we examined and analyzed Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) incident report data from unstabilized approach and landing events. The aim of this study was to investigate the human factors reported as contributing to operational incidents of unstabilized approaches and landings in United States-based commercial aviation. Results showed the unstabilized approaches were significantly less likely to be responded to with go-around compliance. Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed descriptive differences in the associations of the ASRS-coded human factors with the likelihood of unstabilized approaches being …
Hazard Analysis For Human Supervisory Control Of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems,
2021
Wright State University
Hazard Analysis For Human Supervisory Control Of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Elias B. Johnson, Andrew N. Kopeikin, Nancy G. Leveson, Andrew W. Drysdale
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations are shifting from multiple operators controlling a single-UAS to a single operator supervising multiple-UAS engaged in complex mission sets. To enable this, there is wide consensus in literature that limitations in human cognitive capacity require shifting low-level control responsibilities to automation so that human operators can focus on supervisory control. However, hazard analyses to identify related safety concerns have largely been unexplored. To address this shortfall, this paper applies System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) on an abstracted model of a multi-UAS system. This hazard analysis approach handles complex systems and human-machine control interactions together. The paper …
The Impacts On The Flight Crew With The Implementation Of The Airborne Image Recorder System (Airs) In The Cockpit,
2021
Wright State University
The Impacts On The Flight Crew With The Implementation Of The Airborne Image Recorder System (Airs) In The Cockpit, Tatiana Lícia Da Silva Rangel, Marcelo Fernandes Da Costa
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The technological resources used in aviation are widely used in the occurrence investigations process. However, they present technical-operational limitations, mainly regarding the reliable reproduction of the information that the flight crew really has. The implantation proposal of the Airborne Image Recording System (AIRs) arises to overcome these technical limitations presented by other technologies. Thus, this study aimed to verify if the implantation of AIRs in the cockpit could affect the pilot’s perception, behavior and performance during flight. Preliminary results with ten volunteer pilots performing in a flight simulator in Brazil pointed to a series of behavioral and performance changes when …
System-Theoretic Requirements Definition For Human Interactions On Future Rotary-Wing Aircraft,
2021
Wright State University
System-Theoretic Requirements Definition For Human Interactions On Future Rotary-Wing Aircraft, Sam M. Yoo, Andrew N. Kopeikin, Dro J. Gregorian, Adam T. Munekata, John P. Thomas, Nancy G. Leveson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Future rotary-wing aircraft designs are highly complex, optionally manned, and include advanced teaming concepts that create unknown human-automation interaction safety risks. System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) enables analysis of hazards on these complex systems. This paper demonstrates how to apply STPA in future helicopters' early concept development to prevent unacceptable losses. The system is modeled as a hierarchical control structure to capture interactions between components, including human and software controllers. Unsafe control actions are identified from these relationships and are used to systematically derive causal scenarios that arise from both hazardous interactions between system components and component failures. System requirements are …
Modern Practices For Flightcrew Training Of Procedural Knowledge,
2021
Wright State University
Modern Practices For Flightcrew Training Of Procedural Knowledge, Nathan Sonnenfeld, Blake Nguyen, Class Tido Boesser, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Instructional systems utilizing electronic and distance learning approaches (E&DL) have advanced the accessibility and capabilities of training in aviation and other industries. The aviation industry is particularly interested in how to extend the use of E&DL from training facts and information to training procedures, and how to integrate E&DL into existing training. We reviewed a corpus of literature including over 1,200 scientific, regulatory, and technical documents—across domains including aviation, defense, healthcare, and education—focusing on the effectiveness of E&DL for training procedures and the design, development, and evaluation of E&DL. We received input from subject matter experts with respect to contemporary …
Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf),
2021
Wright State University
Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf), Karunakarar Thevaki, Lim Yuhan, Christopher De Roza, Janine Loi En Qi, Grace Yip Kam Luen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
The study examined the predictive validity of the Computerised Aptitude Selection System (COMPASS) that was set up to support the RSAF in its selection of pilots and other vocations. COMPASS measures cognitive abilities theoretically identified to be relevant to the vocation and was introduced for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pilot selection since 2003. With fast changing technological advancement of the UAVs, it is important that validation studies are regularly conducted to improve the effectiveness of the test suite in predicting training success. 219 UAV Pilot applicants’ COMPASS scores were analysed against their actual training outcomes to determine a theoretically and …
The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment,
2021
Wright State University
The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment, M M Rene Van Paassen, Jelmer R. Reitsma, Erik_Jan A M Hujibrechts, Clark Borst, Annemarie Landman, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
In the analysis of human performance and human error, considerable attention is given to the cognitive processes of actors involved in error or success scenarios. Even with awareness of hindsight bias, it takes effort to understand the actions of agents in later inspection of error scenarios. One such topic of heated discussion was the perceived poor performance of pilots in the two 737 MAX MCAS-related crashes in applying the “memory item” checklist pertaining to a runaway trim. In this paper, we argue that it is not so much the reproduction of the checklist that was lacking in these scenarios, but …
Knowns And Unknowns In Air Traffic Controller Safety Reports: Developing A New Method,
2021
Wright State University
Knowns And Unknowns In Air Traffic Controller Safety Reports: Developing A New Method, Paul Krois, Julia Pounds
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Air traffic controllers in the Federal Aviation Administration can submit voluntary safety reports when significant safety concerns and potential safety events are encountered during their everyday operations. We tested two questions: Can safety reports be classified according to whether the risk was known or unknown to the controller or the system; and would classifying reports in this manner yield useful safety information? A sample of 36 reports was assessed using this known-unknown method. 55% of the reports were classified as risks known to the controller but unknown to the system. 17% of the reports were scored as known to both …
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation,
2021
Wright State University
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Machine learning algorithms have become popular tools for automated classification of text; however, performance of such algorithms varies and depends on several factors. We examined how a subjective labeling process based on a human factors taxonomy can influence human, as well as automated, classification of safety incident reports from aviation. In order to evaluate these challenges, we trained a machine learning classifier on a subset of 17,253 incident reports from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System using multi-label classification, and collected labels from six human annotators for a representative subset of 400 incident reports each, resulting in a total of …
Is Our Current Certification Process A Threat To Safety Innovation?,
2021
Wright State University
Is Our Current Certification Process A Threat To Safety Innovation?, Erik-Jan A M Huijbrechts, M M René Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Certification is an important process in the aviation industry. The certified status of aircraft, aircraft equipment and procedures is often regarded as a guarantee for safety. However, if shortcomings emerge during operation, this certified status can prevent improvement of the design. In addition, to develop and certify new equipment, it is often easier to modify existing, certified equipment than have a full certification of a new system. Doing so, safety problems may be overlooked. In this paper, a link is made between the certification process and organizational safety of both manufacturers of aircraft or aircraft equipment and airline companies.
Examining The Changing Roles And Responsibilities Of Humans In Envisioned Future In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems,
2021
Wright State University
Examining The Changing Roles And Responsibilities Of Humans In Envisioned Future In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems, Lawrence Prinzel Iii, Kyle Ellis, John Koelling, Paul Krois, Misty Davies, Robert Mah
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Advances in technology are enabling new concepts of operations that will trans-form aviation including increasingly autonomous capabilities to handle evolving complex dynamic ecosystems like those associated with Advanced Aerial Mobility. A major challenge is how to ensure today’s safety levels are maintained as the system scales for rapid detection and timely mitigation of safety issues. NASA has developed a concept of operation for In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems (IASMS) that represents a system-of-system perspective on interconnected capabilities needed to proactively reduce risk in complex operational environments where unknown hazards may exist. As a result, NASA research priorities include understanding how …
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction,
2021
Wright State University
Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction, Sarah Hubbard, Bryan Hubbard, Joseph Sobieralski
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Airfield infrastructure projects are critical to ensure facilities are safe, in good condition and meet current standards. However, these airfield construction and reconstruction activities are usually conducted on an active airfield, which impose operational and human factors challenges for all users, including pilots, air traffic controllers, airport operations personnel, construction workers, and emergency responders. FAA recognizes the potential safety challenges, and provides supporting guidance and regulation as described in AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. While this guidance is valuable and enhances safety, there remain human factors issues that are worthy of investigation and discussion.
Behavioral Indicators In Air Traffic Control: Detecting And Preventing Performance Decline,
2021
Wright State University
Behavioral Indicators In Air Traffic Control: Detecting And Preventing Performance Decline, Tamsyn Edwards, Rachel Seely, Aaron Katz, Paul Lee
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021
Air traffic controllers are responsible for the safety and efficiency of air traffic and therefore must maintain a consistently high standard of performance. However, performance can be negatively affected by factors such as workload and fatigue, potentially leading to performance decline and performance-related incidents. Real-time identification of negative influences would facilitate timely implementation of supportive strategies prior to performance decline. The current study aimed to explore the concept of ‘behavioral indicators’ to identify when a controller was reaching a performance limit. A second aim was to capture behavioral indicators associated with performance influencing factors. A total of 65 controllers spanning …
