Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Anxiolytic-Like Property Of Risperidone And Olanzapine As Examined In Multiple Measures Of Fear In Rats, Tao Sun, Wei He, Gang Hu, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Atypical antipsychotics are also used in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders. Clinical and preclinical evidence regarding their intrinsic anxiolytic efficacy has been mixed. In this study, we examined the potential anxiolytic-like effects of risperidone and olanzapine, and compared them with haloperidol, chlordiazepoxide (a prototype of sedative–anxiolytic drug) or citalopram (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). We used a composite of two-way avoidance conditioning and acoustic startle reflex model and examined the effects of drug treatments during the acquisition phase (Experiment 1) or extinction phase (Experiments 2 and 3) on multiple measures of conditioned and unconditioned fear/anxiety-like responses. In Experiment 4, we …

Adolescents’ Occupational And Educational Aspirations And Expectations: Links To High School Activities And Adult Educational Attainment, Sarah J. Beal, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This longitudinal study explored adolescents’ future-oriented cognitions, current activities, and later educational attainment using data from 317 adolescents (55% female; mean age = 14.98 years, SD = 0.85) followed into early adulthood. Aspirations and expectations regarding work and education showed modest stability from year to year. Exploration of the reciprocal relations between these cognitions and adolescents’ activities supported both unidirectional and bidirectional effects, with different patterns emerging for aspirations and expectations. In multiple regression analyses, future-oriented cognitions predicted adult educational attainment; follow- up analyses indicated that the effect of adolescents’ expectations was partially mediated by participation in extracurricular activities. These …

Stereotype Boost And Stereotype Threat Effects: The Moderating Role Of Ethnic Identification, Brian E. Armenta

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Belonging to a stereotyped social group can affect performance in stereotype-relevant situations, often shifting performance in the direction of the stereotype. This effect occurs similarly for members of positively and negatively stereotyped groups (i.e., stereotype boost and stereotype threat, respectively). This study examined ethnic group identification as a moderator of these effects in the math performance of Asian Americans and Latinos, who are positively and negatively stereotyped in this domain, respectively. Results showed that high ethnically identified Asian Americans performed better and high ethnically identified Latinos performed worse when an ethnicity– ethnic stereotype cue was present. The performance of low …

Punished, Dead Or Alive: Empirical Perspectives On Awarding Punitive Damages Against Deceased Defendants, Timothy R. Robicheaux, Brian H. Bornstein

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Punitive damages are a tool for punishing defendants who engage in reckless and wanton behaviors that cause injury to others. As with criminal punishment, goals of punitive damages include retribution, specific deterrence, and general deterrence. Unlike criminal punishment, however, some courts allow punitive damages to follow the death of defendants. To explore this issue, we first conducted a legal analysis of appellate court decisions concerning punitive damages against deceased defendants. While the majority of courts suggest that punitive damages against deceased individuals are not appropriate, some argue that favorable policy implications of allowing punitive damages to follow the defendant’s death …

Aging And The Vulnerability Of Speech To Dual Task Demands, Susan Kemper, Ralynn Schmalzried, Lesa Hoffman, Ruth Herman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Tracking a digital pursuit rotor task was used to measure dual task costs of language production by young and older adults. Tracking performance by both groups was affected by dual task demands: time on target declined and tracking error increased as dual task demands increased from the baseline condition to a moderately demanding dual task condition to a more demanding dual task condition. When dual task demands were moderate, older adults’ speech rate declined but their fluency, grammatical complexity, and content were unaffected. When the dual task was more demanding, older adults’ speech, like young adults’ speech, became highly fragmented, …

Are All Perpetrators Alike? Comparing Risk Factors For Sexual Coercion And Aggression, Sarah Degue, David K. Dilillo, Mario J. Scalora

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study developed and contrasted predictive models of male nonphysical sexual coercion (e.g., verbal pressure or manipulation) and physical sexual aggression (e.g., incapacitation, physical force, or threats) using a sample of 369 incarcerated males to identify shared and unique risk factors for each form of sexual perpetration. Results revealed a set of shared risk characteristics that predisposed individuals to both sexual coercion and aggression (i.e., belief in rape myths, sexual promiscuity, aggressive tendencies, and empathic deficits). In addition, findings indicated that whether the offenders engaged in only sexual coercion or also used more violent sexually aggressive tactics depended on …

Physical, Psychological, And Sexual Intimate Partner Aggression Among Newlywed Couples: Longitudinal Prediction Of Marital Satisfaction, Jillian Panuzio, David K. Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examined associations between physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner aggression (IPA) perpetration during the first year of marriage (T1) and victim marital satisfaction one (T2) and two (T3) years later among a sample of 202 newlywed couples. Prevalence rates of all forms of IPA were consistent with those documented in prior research. Higher levels of all types of IPA generally were associated with lower victim marital satisfaction at all time points, when controlling for initial levels of satisfaction. Couples who reported severe bidirectional psychological IPA demonstrated lower husband and wife marital satisfaction at T2 and lower husband satisfaction …

Emotion Dysregulation And Risky Sexual Behavior In Revictimization, Terri L. Messman-Moore, Kate L. Walsh, David K. Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: The current study examined emotion dysregulation as a mechanism underlying risky sexual behavior and sexual revictimization among adult victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) and child physical abuse (CPA).

Methods: Participants were 752 college women. Victimization history, emotion dysregulation, and risky sexual behavior were assessed with anonymous, self-report surveys utilizing a cross-sectional design.

Results: Approximately 6.3% of participants reported CSA, 25.5% reported CPA, and 17.8% reported rape during adolescence or adulthood. CSA and CPA were associated with increased risk for adolescent/adult rape; 29.8% of CSA victims and 24.3% of CPA victims were revictimized. Path analytic models tested hypothesized relationships …

Distinct Neural Mechanisms Underlying Acute And Repeated Administration Of Antipsychotic Drugs In Rat Avoidance Conditioning, Ming Li, Tao Sun, Chen Zhang, Gang Hu

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rationale — Acute antipsychotic treatment disrupts conditioned avoidance responding, and repeated treatment induces a sensitization- or tolerance-like effect. However, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying both acute and repeated antipsychotic effects remain to be determined.

Objective — The present study examined the neuroreceptor mechanisms of haloperidol, clozapine, and olanzapine effect in a rat two-way conditioned avoidance model.

Methods — Well-trained Sprague–Dawley rats were administered with haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, sc), clozapine (10.0 mg/ kg, sc), or olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, sc) together with either saline, quinpirole (a selective dopamine D2/3 agonist, 1.0 mg/ kg, sc), or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-amphetamine (DOI; a selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist, 2.5 mg/kg, …

Does Self Esteem Moderate The Relation Between Gender And Weight Preoccupation In Undergraduates?, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous research has established gender differences in self esteem as well as weight preoccupation. In addition self esteem is known to relate to weight preoccupation. However, no studies have examined whether self esteem moderates the relation between gender and weight preoccupation. Five hundred sixty seven undergraduates completed surveys assessing self esteem and weight preoccupation. Results showed significant gender differences in self esteem and weight preoccupation. In addition, the interaction between self esteem and gender had a small but significant effect on weight preoccupation. Counselors should be aware of this when designing programs to treat weight preoccupation in conjunction with low …

Increasing Complexity: Resisting Simplification In Forensic Psychology, Diane R. Follingstad

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

The American Academy of Forensic Psychology annually presents a Distinguished Contribution in Forensic Psychology Award to an individual whose work has significantly moved the field forward. Dr. Follingstad received this award for decades of productive research, testimony, and public education regarding family, adolescent, and women's issues, all areas in which she has received numerous research grants over the years. Following is her acceptance speech, presented at the American Psychology-Law Association convention in Vancouver, B.C. in March 2010.

Thought In The Absence Of Attention, Kurt Braunlich

WWU Graduate School Collection

Although many researchers have been unsuccessful in doing so, I was able to partially replicate Dijksterhuis' (2004) "unconscious thought" effect. I found that participants who were distracted with the performance of an irrelevant task made better decisions than participants who engaged in conscious thought or participants who made immediatedecisions. Task directions and population differences in the evaluation of option attributes likely represent confounding variables that can disrupt the unconscious thought effect. While Dijksterhuis has argued that his findings necessitate the existence of an unconscious thought process capable of operating in the absence of attention, I suspect that there is a …

Using A Structured Decision Making Protocol To Stratify Caseloads In The Child Support Program, Steven J. Golightly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although structured decision making and risk assessment protocols have successfully been used in human service programs, little research has been done on their applicability in the child support program. In this study, problems identified with child support case management were examined, along with positive and negative attributes of various risk assessment tools utilized in other arenas. The overall research problem asserted that there are no structured decision making protocols in the child support program to support case assignment by enforcement difficulty. The primary research question asked whether or not a process stratified by risk and level of enforcement difficulty could …

A Phenomenological Inquiry Of Chronic Homeless Individuals' Challenges To Independence, Dewana Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Homelessness is a comprehensive social problem affecting approximately 744,000 people in the U.S. Despite consistent efforts from politicians, state and local leaders, and service providers, the number of homeless people continues to rise. Although there are some explanations in the literature to account for the increase of homelessness, the literature tends to not include the voices of the homeless themselves. The purpose of this phenomenological study, which used Maslow's hierarchy of needs as its conceptual framework, was to understand the life experiences of members of the homeless population, as perceived by four male residents of a mission in an eastern …

Illness Uncertainty, Ways Of Coping, And Psychological Adjustment Among 18--25-Year-Olds With Anaphylactic Food Allergy, Susan J. Cohen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of food allergy is increasing, with adolescents and young adults being the group most likely to die from food-induced anaphylaxis. Behavioral and psychological factors contribute to this risk. This study investigated the relationship between illness uncertainty (as measured by the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale Community Form) and emotion- and problem-focused coping (as measured by the Ways of Coping Scale), to see if they contributed to psychological adjustment (as measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21) in this population. A cognitive diathesis-stress model was used to explain individual differences in adjustment. Multiple regression was used to test illness …

Evaluation Of Concurrent Medications Pre- And Post Initiation Of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Therapy, Lindsay Pokallus Pharmd, Laurence Karper Md, Jessica Price Pharmd, Bcps

Department of Pharmacy

No abstract provided.

C-Fos Identification Of Neuroanatomical Sites Associated With Haloperidol And Clozapine Disruption Of Maternal Behavior In The Rat, Changjiu Zhao, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Rat maternal behavior is a complex social behavior. Most antipsychotic drugs disrupt active maternal responses (e.g., pup retrieval, pup licking and nest building). Our previous work shows that typical antipsychotic haloperidol disrupts maternal behavior by blocking dopamine D₂ receptors, whereas atypical clozapine works by blocking 5-HT_2A/2C receptors. The present study used c-Fos immunohistochemistry technique, together with pharmacological tools and behavioral observations, and delineated the neuroanatomical bases of the disruptive effects of haloperidol and clozapine. Postpartum female rats were treated with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg sc) or clozapine (10.0 mg/kg sc), with or without pretreatment of quinpirole (a selective dopamine …

The Relationship Between The Perception Of Axes Of Symmetry And Spatial Memory During Early Childhood, Margaret R. Ortmann, Anne R. Schutte

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Early in development, there is a transition in spatial working memory (SWM). When remembering a location in a homogeneous space (e.g., in a sandbox), young children are biased toward the midline symmetry axis of the space. Over development, a transition occurs that leads to older children being biased away from midline. The dynamic field theory (DFT) explains this transition in biases as being caused by a change in the precision of neural interaction in SWM and improvements in the perception of midline. According to the DFT, young children perceive midline, but there is a quantitative improvement in the perception of …

Development And Initial Psychometric Properties Of The Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (Cami): A Comprehensive Self-Report Measure Of Child Maltreatment History, David K. Dilillo, Sarah A. Hayes-Skelton, Michelle A. Fortier, Andrea R. Perry, Sarah E. Evans, Terri L. Messman Moore, Kate Walsh, Cindy Nash, Angèle Fauchier

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: The present study reports on the development and initial psychometric properties of the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (CAMI), a web-based self-report measure of child maltreatment history, including sexual and physical abuse, exposure to interparental violence, psychological abuse, and neglect.

Methods: The CAMI was administered to a geographically diverse sample of college students (N= 1,398). For validation purposes, participants also completed a widely used measure of maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) as well as measures of social desirability. To examine test–retest reliability, a subset of participants (n = 283) completed the CAMI a second time 2–4 weeks after …

A Longitudinal Study Of Conversations With Parents About Sex And Dating During College, Elizabeth M. Morgan, Avril Thorn, Eileen L. Zurbriggen

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Emerging adulthood is a time of sexual and romantic relationship development as well as change in the parent-child relationship. This study provides a longitudinal analysis of 30 young adults’ (17 women, 13 men) sexual experiences, attitudes about sexuality and dating, and reported conversations with parents about sexuality and dating from the first and fourth years of college. Self-report questionnaires revealed increases in general closeness with parents, increases in sexual and dating experiences, and both more sexually permissive as well as more gender stereotyped attitudes. Qualitative analyses of individual interviews indicated a movement from unilateral and restrictive, sex-based topics to more …