Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Pilot Cognitive Functioning And Training Outcomes, Thomas R. Carretta, Raymond E. King, Paul D. Retzlaff, Erica Barto, Malcom James Ree, Mark S. Teachout

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The predictive validity of scores from two cognitive functioning tests, the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery and MicroCog, was examined for initial pilot training outcomes. In addition to training completion, academic grades, daily flying grades, check ride grades, and class rank were available for graduates. Mean score comparisons and correlations in samples of between 5,582 and 12,924 trainees across the two tests showed small, but statistically significant, relationships with training performance. The results pointed to general cognitive ability as the main predictor of training performance. Comparisons with results from studies involving US Air Force pilot aptitude tests showed lower validities for these …

The Use Of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Fnirs) To Assess Cognitive Workload Of Air Traffic Controllers, Hyun Woo, Ben Willems, Joshua Harrison, Kurtulus Izzetoglu, Sehchang Hah, Hasan Ayaz

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The performance of a Certified Professional Controller (CPC) can have a critical impact on safety. A specific concern is that a high cognitive load has been associated with performance decrement. Thus, it is important to continuously monitor and accurately assess CPC cognitive load. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Conflict Resolution Advisory (CRA), automation which provides CPCs with resolutions to avoid conflicts. In this study, we used functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to index cognitive workload of 12 CPCs from En Route centers. Results indicate that fNIRS measures were sensitive to air traffic level, but …

An Integrated Neuroergonomic Assessment Of In-Flight Pilot Workload, Steven D. Harbour, James C. Christensen, Justin R. Estepp, Tyron M. Gray

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This study accomplished an exploration of a workload protocol and a preliminary assessment of pilot workload and situation awareness in-flight during various phases of airborne operation on a tactical airlift aircraft. Initial comparisons were made between the Head Down Display (HDD) which was previously certified by the FAA as a Primary Flight Display (PFD), and the original Head Up Display (HUD) configuration which has not been endorsed as a PFD. Quantitative results were produced to aid in resource decision making regarding cockpit systems for this aircraft. Low and no cost improvements were identified and recommendations were implemented. This work refined …

Looking For Chuck And Pt: An Evidence-Based Approach To Assessing Helicopter Pilots, Paul Dickens

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This paper describes the use of an evidence-based approach to the assessment of commercial rotary-wing pilots. Following the four category protocol set out by Briner and Rousseau (2011), a robust psychological assessment process was developed covering intellectual ability, mental wellbeing, the Big 5 personality dimensions and critical incident analysis. Findings from each component are discussed, particularly the findings on the personality characteristics using the Big 5 dimensions. Findings of high Conscientiousness and very low Neuroticism were shown to mirror similar findings in the literature, while a higher than expected incidence of social withdrawal needs more investigation. Implications for future assessment …

Perceptual And Adaptation Implications With Display 3-D Spatial Location: Retrofit Of Hud On A Tactical Airlift Platform, Steven D. Harbour, Jeffery A. Hudson, Gregory F. Zehner

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The retrofitting of a cockpit with a Head-Up-Display (HUD) raises potential accommodation and perceptual issues for pilots that must be addressed. For maximum optical efficiency, the goal is to be able to place every pilot’s eye into the HUD Eye Motion Box (EMB) given a seat adjustment range. Initially, the Eye Reference Point (ERP) of the EMB should theoretically be located on the aircraft’s original cockpit Design Eye Point (DEP) while horizontal and vertical seat adjustment would allow pilots to position their eyes inside the EMB. However, human postures vary, and HUD systems may not be optimally placed. In reality …

Recommendations Supporting Development Of Flight Deck Datacomm Text And Graphic Display Evaluation Guidance, Jennie J. Gallimore, Ricardo D. Munoz, Stephen B. Kiss, Chang-Geun Oh, Timothy Crory, Randall Green, Clark Shingledecker ., Pamela S. Tsang .

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

In the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NexGen), voice communications will become less frequent, and most communication will occur via data communications -- uplink messages (UM) (to pilot) and downlink messages (DM) and requests (to ATC). Clearances may include simple one-element clearances such as CLIMB TO [altitude] or complex clearances created by concatenating messages to create flight trajectories that include ATC-authorized route segments, altitudes, and at least one required time of arrival (RTA). Due to the complexity of clearances, aircraft and flight deck equipment manufacturers may seek approval for new and modified flight deck displays to more clearly depict clearances …

The Utility Of At-Sat In Hiring Graduates Of An Air-Traffic Collegiate Training Initiative Program, Linda G. Pierce, M. Kathryn Bleckley

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The FAA recruits applicants for Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) positions from multiple sources. Each hiring source has requirements that applicants must meet for eligibility. These hiring sources include the Air Traffic – Collegiate Training Initiative (AT-CTI), for applicants with specialized education in air traffic control (ATC) and General Public (GP), for applicants with no prior ATC education or experience. Both AT-CTI and GP applicants must take and pass the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT), a computerized pre-employment test battery designed to assess an applicant’s aptitude for performing the duties of an ATCS. The current research effort compares the …

Communication Sequences In Controller Pilot Communications, Jonathan Histon, Esa Rantanen, Cecilia Ovesdotter Alm

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Temporal patterns in the content of controller-pilot communications can reflect strategies and techniques used by controllers. Introducing data-based communication systems may profoundly impact these strategies and techniques. To establish a baseline of existing patterns in controllerpilot voice communications, analysis is presented of the content of air-ground communications between pilots and controllers from North American operations. Results are presented of the relative frequency of common sequences of communication events and how these vary in response to changes in weather conditions. Methodological challenges in sequence analysis as well as implications of the results for understanding effect of changes in communication technology on …

The Psychomotor Vigilance Test: Sources Of State And Trait Variance, Hans-Juergen Hoermann

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Within the context of pilot and air traffic controller selection tests the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT, Dinges & Powell, 1985) was evaluated for its underlying sources of variance. The PVT is a simple visual reaction time task, which is well established as a measure of alertness during sustained operations. It provides scores for mean reaction times and number of lapses. While the PVT has proven sensitivity for temporary states of fatigue and other stressors in withinsubjects designs, validation studies are lacking to examine it for potential sources of trait variance, which could lead to confounding effects. This paper presents results …

Controller – Pilot Communications In The Presence Of Asynchronous Uas Radar Surveillance Data, Xiaochen Yuan, Jonathan Histon, Catherine Burns, Steven Waslander, Reza Dizaji

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into controlled airspace will create challenges for the pilots and controllers who need information about the UAS. This paper presents a preliminary study of the effect of differential time delays, or asynchrony, in the distribution of UAS surveillance information to controllers and pilots. Effects on controller-pilot communication were observed through 6 distinct measures of both objective performance and subjective self-evaluation. Larger time delays had an observable impact on all of the observed measures; comparison of pilot and controller results showed that the operator with the most updated information consistently experiences less frustration and feels the …

Flight Deck Audio Displays: Striking The Right Tone In Future Designs, Mitchell L. Serber

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The 2009 accident involving Air France Flight 447 illustrates the gap between visual and auditory display design and implementation in commercial aircraft. By examining the successful evolution of Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) and Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) to incorporate both audio and visual alerting and resolution guidance to flight crews, a contrast is drawn with similar aids available in advance of aircraft upset episodes. A universal approach for future design should incorporate harmonized video and audio displays providing optimized alerting and guidance along with the latest in simulator training designed to emphasize aircraft state awareness …

Individual Differences In Perception And Performance Of Advanced Navigation Systems, Andre Garcia, Jesse Eisert, John Payne, Carryl L. Baldwin, Victor Finomore

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We examined individual differences in use and preference for tactile route guidance formats. Participants drove a simulated vehicle through counterbalanced pairings of four distinct cities using one of four navigation systems (three tactile and one auditory control). One tactile system used only pulse rate, the second system used only tactor location, and the third used both pulse rate and location to convey guidance instructions. All navigation systems provided both a preliminary and an immediate cue indicating to take the next most immediate turn. Individual differences in sense of direction resulted in different preference ratings without any observed performance differences. The …

The Impact Of Cognitive Psychology In Minimizing Human Errors, Patrik Jonzon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Working towards zero accidents – Experience from education and supervision of pilots and air traffic controllers (ATC) from the Royal Danish Air Force gives us a model on how to apply the latest clinical psychology methods and research, and combine it with Human Factor models.

What is behind accidents? Errors, so can you talk about zero errors? Everyone knows that this is utopia; the question is rather how we can understand errors, minimize errors and minimize the effect of errors. The goal of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical and practical understanding of how to use the research …

Psychologists And Medications In The Era Of Interprofessional Care: Collaboration Is Less Problematic And Costly Than Prescribing, William N. Robiner, Tim R. Tumlin, Tanya Tompkins

Faculty Publications

Increasing emphasis on interprofessionalism and teamwork in healthcare renders psychologists’ collaborations critical and invites reexamination of psychologists’ roles related to medications. The Collaboration Level outlined by the APA’s Ad Hoc Task Force is more achievable and in synch with health reform than prescription privileges (RxP). RxP remains controversial due to training and safety concerns, lacking support from health professionals, psychologists, and consumers. Differences in educational preparation of psychologists relative to prescribing professionals are discussed. Enactment of only three of 170 RxP initiatives reveals RxP to be a costly, ineffectual agenda. Alternatives (e.g., integrated care, collaboration, telehealth) increase access without risks …

Association Study Of 167 Candidate Genes For Schizophrenia Selected By A Multi-Domain Evidence-Based Prioritization Algorithm And Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis, Zhongming Zhao, Bradley T. Webb, Peilin Jia, T. Bernard Bigdeli, Brion S. Maher, Edwin Van Den Oord, Sarah Bergen, Richard L. Amdur, Francis A. O'Neill, Dermot Walsh, Dawn L. Thiselton, Xianging Chen, Carlos N. Pato, The International Schizophrenia Consortium, Brien P. Riley, Kenneth S. Kendler, Ayman H. Fanous

Psychiatry Publications

Integrating evidence from multiple domains is useful in prioritizing disease candidate genes for subsequent testing. We ranked all known human genes (n = 3819) under linkage peaks in the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families using three different evidence domains: 1) a meta-analysis of microarray gene expression results using the Stanley Brain collection, 2) a schizophrenia protein-protein interaction network, and 3) a systematic literature search. Each gene was assigned a domain-specific p-value and ranked after evaluating the evidence within each domain. For comparison to this ranking process, a large-scale candidate gene hypothesis was also tested by including genes with Gene …

Suicidal Risk Factors Of Recurrent Major Depression In Han Chinese Women, Yuzhang Zhu, Hongni Zhang, Shenxun Shi, Jingfang Gao, Youhui Li, Ming Tao, Kerang Zhang, Xumei Wang, Chengge Gao, Lijun Yang, Kan Li, Jiangguo Shi, Gang Wang, Lanfen Liu, Jinbei Zhang, Bo Du, Guoqing Jiang, Jianhua Shen, Zhen Zhang, Wei Liang, Jing Sun, Jian Hu, Tiebang Liu, Xueyi Wang, Guodong Miao, Huaqing Meng, Yi Li, Chunmei Hu, Yi Li, Guoping Huang, Gongying Li, Baowei Ha, Hong Deng, Qiyi Mei, Hui Zhong, Shugui Gao, Hong Sang, Yutang Zhang, Xiang Fang, Fengyu Yu, Donglin Yang, Tieqiao Liu, Yunchun Chen, Xiaohong Hong, Wenyuan Wu, Guibing Chen, Min Cai, Yan Song, Jiyang Pan, Jicheng Dong, Runde Pan, Wei Zhang, Zhenming Shen, Zhengrong Liu, Danhua Gu, Xiaoping Wang, Xiaojuan Liu, Qiwen Zhang, Yihan Li, Yiping Chen, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jonathan Flint, Ying Liu

Psychiatry Publications

The relationship between suicidality and major depression is complex. Socio- demography, clinical features, comorbidity, clinical symptoms, and stressful life events are important factors influencing suicide in major depression, but these are not well defined. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the associations between the above-mentioned factors and suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt in 6008 Han Chinese women with recurrent major depression (MD). Patients with any suicidality had significantly more MD symptoms, a significantly greater number of stressful life events, a positive family history of MD, a greater number of episodes, a significant experience of …

Association Testing Strategy For Data From Dense Marker Panels, Donghyung Lee, Silviu-Alin Bacanu

Psychiatry Publications

Genome wide association studies have been usually analyzed in a univariate manner. The commonly used univariate tests have one degree of freedom and assume an additive mode of inheritance. The experiment-wise significance of these univariate statistics is obtained by adjusting for multiple testing. Next generation sequencing studies, which assay 10-20 million variants, are beginning to come online. For these studies, the strategy of additive univariate testing and multiple testing adjustment is likely to result in a loss of power due to (1) the substantial multiple testing burden and (2) the possibility of a non-additive causal mode of inheritance. To reduce …

Clinical Features Of Patients With Dysthymia In A Large Cohort Of Han Chinese Women With Recurrent Major Depression, Wenqing Wu, Zhoubing Wang, Yan Wei, Guanghua Zhang, Shenxun Shi, Jingfang Gao, Youhui Li, Ming Tao, Kerang Zhang, Xumei Wang, Chengge Gao, Lijun Yang, Kan Li, Jianguo Shi, Gang Wang, Lanfen Liu, Jinbei Zhang, Bo Du, Guoqing Jiang, Jianhua Shen, Ying Liu, Wei Liang, Jing Sun, Jian Hu, Tiebang Liu, Xueyi Wang, Guodong Miao, Huaqing Meng, Yi Li, Guoping Huang, Gongying Li, Baowei Ha, Hong Deng, Qiyi Mei, Hui Zhong, Shugui Gao, Hong Sang, Yutang Zhang, Xiang Fang, Fengyu Yu, Donglin Yang, Tieqiao Liu, Yunchun Chen, Xiaohong Hong, Wenyuan Wu, Guibing Chen, Min Cai, Yan Song, Jiyang Pan, Jicheng Dong, Runde Pan, Wei Zhang, Zhenming Shen, Zhengrong Liu, Danhua Gu, Xiaoping Wang, Xiaojuan Liu, Qiwen Zhang, Yihan Li, Yiping Chen, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jonathan Flint, Zhen Zhang

Psychiatry Publications

Background

Dysthymia is a form of chronic mild depression that has a complex relationship with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we investigate the role of environmental risk factors, including stressful life events and parenting style, in patients with both MDD and dysthymia. We ask whether these risk factors act in the same way in MDD with and without dysthymia.

Results

We examined the clinical features in 5,950 Han Chinese women with MDD between 30–60 years of age across China. We confirmed earlier results by replicating prior analyses in 3,950 new MDD cases. There were no significant differences between the two …

A Quantitative Link Between Face Discrimination Deficits And Neuronal Selectivity For Faces In Autism, Xiong Jiang, Angela Bollich, Patrick Cox, Eric Hyder, Joette James, Saqib Ali Gowani, Nouchine Hadjikhani, Volker Blanz, Dara S. Manoach, Jason J.S. Barton, William D. Gaillard, Maximilian Reisenhuber

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) appear to show a general face discrimination deficit across a range of tasks including social–emotional judgments as well as identification and discrimination. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies probing the neural bases of these behavioral differences have produced conflicting results: while some studies have reported reduced or no activity to faces in ASD in the Fusiform Face Area (FFA), a key region in human face processing, others have suggested more typical activation levels, possibly reflecting limitations of conventional fMRI techniques to characterize neuron-level processing. Here, we test the hypotheses that face discrimination abilities …

Reinforcing, Subjective, And Cognitive Effects Of Methamphetamine During D-Amphetamine Maintenance, Erika Pike

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Translational research suggests that agonist replacement may be a viable treatment approach for managing methamphetamine dependence. This study sought to determine the effects of d-amphetamine maintenance on methamphetamine self-administration in stimulant using participants. A cognitive battery was used to determine the performance effects of methamphetamine alone and during d-amphetamine maintenance. During each maintenance condition, participants first sampled a dose of intranasal methamphetamine then had the opportunity to respond on a progressive ratio task to earn portions of the sampled dose. Subject-rated drug-effect and physiological measures were completed prior to and after sampling methamphetamine. Methamphetamine was self-administered as function …