Assessment Of Manual Flying Skills By Combining Aircraft Parameters With Pilot Control Inputs,
2013
Wright State University
Assessment Of Manual Flying Skills By Combining Aircraft Parameters With Pilot Control Inputs, Ekkehart Schubert, Björn Appel, Gerhard Hüttig
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
In a recent full flight simulator experiment, 57 commercial airline pilots (long-haul captains and short-haul first officers) had to accomplish a realistic scenario ending in a manual flown “raw data approach” (localizer and glideslope capturing with absence of autopilot and flight director aid). The manual flight performance was evaluated by an instructor. Various flight path parameters and pilot control input data were collected from the simulator for an objective evaluation and comparison with the instructor assessment. At first the outer control loop was analyzed by using flight path tracking errors. This showed significant difference between the two groups of pilots. …
Nextgen Operational Improvements: Will They Improve Human Performance,
2013
Wright State University
Nextgen Operational Improvements: Will They Improve Human Performance, Bettina L. Beard, James C. Johnston, Jon Holbrook
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Modernization of the National Airspace System depends critically on the development of advanced technology, including cutting-edge automation, controller decision-support tools and integrated on-demand information. The Next Generation Air Transportation System national plan envisions air traffic control tower automation that proposes solutions for seven problems: 1) departure metering, 2) taxi routing, 3) taxi and runway scheduling, 4) departure runway assignments, 5) departure flow management, 6) integrated arrival and departure scheduling and 7) runway configuration management. Government, academia and industry are simultaneously pursuing the development of these capabilities. For each capability, the development process typically begins by assessing its potential benefits, and …
Identifying The Impact Of Nextgen On The Job Of Air Traffic Control Specialists In The Mid-Term,
2013
Wright State University
Identifying The Impact Of Nextgen On The Job Of Air Traffic Control Specialists In The Mid-Term, Emily Baumann, Kelley J. Krokos, Cheryl Hendrickson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
By leveraging existing and new technology, the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is proposed to support significant increases in both capacity and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). In the decade that has passed since NextGen was mandated by Congress, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has made great progress in identifying the specific technologies, automation, and procedures (i.e., NextGen Drivers) necessary to support the desired increases. American Institutes for Research (AIR) describes its strategic job analysis, which was designed to identify the NextGen Drivers that are proposed to be implemented by the NextGen Mid-Term (2018), and to evaluate …
Single-Pilot Workload Management During Cruise In Entry Level Jets,
2013
Wright State University
Single-Pilot Workload Management During Cruise In Entry Level Jets, Barbara K. Burian, Shawn Pruchnicki, Bonny Christopher, Evan Silverman, Carla Hackworth, Jason Rogers, Kevin Williams, Gena Drechsler, Barry Runnels, Andy Mead
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Advanced technologies and automation are important facilitators of single pilot operations, but they also contribute to the workload management challenges faced by the pilot. We examined task completion, workload management, and automation use in an entry-level jet (ELJ) flown by single pilots. Thirteen certificated Cessna Citation Mustang (CE-510S) pilots flew an instrument flight rules (IFR) experimental flight in a Cessna Citation Mustang simulator. At one point, participants had to descend to meet a crossing restriction prior to a waypoint and prepare for an instrument approach into an un-towered field while facilitating communication from a lost pilot who was flying too …
Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training Program: The Introduction Of A Cognitive-Adaptation Training,
2013
Wright State University
Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training Program: The Introduction Of A Cognitive-Adaptation Training, Marie-Pierre Fornette, Marie- Héloïse, Camille Lefrançois, Jacques Fradin, Farid El Massioui, Françoise Darses, Corinne Roumes
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The goal of “crew resource management” (CRM) training programs is to enhance safety and efficiency in flight. To achieve this goal, CRM training have to teach the appropriate knowledge and skills, and thus, to be adjusted according to all environmental changes. During the last decade, there has been an increasing need to reinforce skills of French military crews, to deal with complex and unforeseen situations. A new cognitive-adaptation training was proposed. It specifically seeks to enhance metacognitive skills related to the two main types of human cognitive processes, and to strengthen reflective processes involved in cognitive and emotional adaptation. The …
Beyond Multitasking: Human Factors Implications For Single-Pilot Operations In The Nextgen Environment,
2013
Wright State University
Beyond Multitasking: Human Factors Implications For Single-Pilot Operations In The Nextgen Environment, Nestor Fenoy Bermudez, Donna F. Wilt, John E. Deaton .
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Operations within the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will be a source of new complexities and unique challenges for the single pilot. Human factors research and development will be required to ensure safe single-pilot operations. New avionics, the increase in procedural complexity, and the elevated standards for required navigation performance are the source of many issues that need to be identified before they become a threat to safety. This paper presents a taxonomy developed to identify the potential human factors issues that could impact single pilots flying within NextGen. A series of NextGen capabilities, scenarios, and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast …
Flight Deck Models Of Workload And Multi-Tasking: An Overview Of Validation,
2013
Wright State University
Flight Deck Models Of Workload And Multi-Tasking: An Overview Of Validation, Christopher D. Wickens, Angelia Sebok
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
We review 24 computational modeling efforts of pilot multi-task performance and workload, to describe the manner in which they model three different aspects of pilot performance: the complexity of effort, the complexity of time management and the complexity of multiple resource interference. We then discuss the degree of validation of these models, and the validity of the context in which they are validated.
Assessing The Changing Human Performance Risk Profile In The Nextgen Mid-Term,
2013
Wright State University
Assessing The Changing Human Performance Risk Profile In The Nextgen Mid-Term, Katherine A. Berry, Michael W. Sawyer
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Many Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) Operational Improvements (OIs) aim to provide controllers with decision support tools and other automation specifically designed to provide safety enhancements to National Airspace System (NAS) operations. While these changes may indeed produce positive safety improvements, the introduction of each new system and capability also offers the possibility of introducing new human performance hazards into the NAS. A thorough review of the proposed NextGen midterm OIs was completed to identify the potential for both the positive and negative impacts on the human contribution to risk in the NAS. A summary of these findings was …
South African Airline Pilots’ Perceptions Of Advanced Flight Deck Automation,
2013
Wright State University
South African Airline Pilots’ Perceptions Of Advanced Flight Deck Automation, Dr. Preven Naidoo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
This article reports on the construction of the Automation Attitude Questionnaire (AAQ), to assess airline pilots’ perceptions about operating advanced automated aircraft. A total of 262 airline pilots from a large South African carrier participated in the validation of the questionnaire. A five-factor measurement model was established by using exploratory factor analysis. The five factors associated with perceptions of advanced automated systems were labelled as: Comprehension, Training, Trust, Workload, and Design. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and the mean inter-item correlation of each factor were highly satisfactory and confirmed the homogeneity and unidimensionality of the five-factor solution for the AAQ.
Giving A Face To Airline Customer Satisfaction: A Graphic Approach,
2013
Wright State University
Giving A Face To Airline Customer Satisfaction: A Graphic Approach, Clay Wildt, Dr. Erin E. Bowen, Dr. Brent D. Bowen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Historically, research ranking the major commercial air carriers in the U.S. has been based on subjective perceptions, satisfaction, and attitudes. Building upon 21 years of work with the Airline Quality Rating (AQR), the present study moves beyond basic descriptive information of air travelers to identify patterns and relationships in the way consumers view this technologically advanced environment. Development of such a model allows key players in the industry to improve their understanding of the prime drivers and perceptions of passenger behavior. Implementation of a subjective element, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale, will allow frequent fliers the ability to codify their …
Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant System Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management,
2013
Wright State University
Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant System Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management, Felix Maiwald, Axel Schulte
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Assistant systems investigated today are beneficial in principle, but may induce additional load for the pilot, especially if the system intervenes at a time when the human has no more free cognitive resources to adopt the offered support. This article describes an approach how to enable a knowledge-based pilots’ assistant system in the domain of military helicopter missions to interact with the pilot by resource adaptive dialogue management. To minimize the automation induced additional load for the pilot, the assistant system estimates the pilots’ residual mental capacity and furthermore the current cognitive workliad in the first step. This assessment enables …
Effects Of Airport Tower Controller Decision-Support Tool On Controllers’ Head-Up Time,
2013
Wright State University
Effects Of Airport Tower Controller Decision-Support Tool On Controllers’ Head-Up Time, Miwa Hayashi, Jose M. Cruz Lopez
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Visually monitoring aircraft traffic outside the window is an important part of tower controllers’ tasks. Introducing new controller decision-support tools in the tower may increase or decrease their head-up time. The present study investigates the effect of NASA’s Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) tool on controllers’ head-up time. A small video camera was mounted on controllers’ heads to measure their head-movement activities during simulated tower operations with or without the SARDA advisories. Simple, pixel-color-based classification algorithms were able to achieve reasonably high accuracy of head-up detection in the training video frames (91% on average). The results showed that the …
Clarifying Cognitive Complexity And Controller Strategies In Disturbed Inbound Peak Atc Operations,
2013
Wright State University
Clarifying Cognitive Complexity And Controller Strategies In Disturbed Inbound Peak Atc Operations, Marian J. Schuver-Van Blanken, Mariska I. Roerdink
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Air traffic controller (ATCo) expertise is crucial in safely and effectively managing operational disturbances and unpredictable events. The high level of ATCo expertise needed in these situations originates from the cognitive complexity in the ATC task. To cope with cognitive complexity in managing operational disturbances, controllers apply strategies to avoid task performance being compromised. Using the ATCo Cognitive Process and Operational Situation (ACoPOS) model, this paper clarifies the cognitive complexity involved in disturbed inbound peak operation within dense airspace for Schiphol airport at ATC the Netherlands (LVNL). Complexity issues in cognitive processes and operational factors involved are described. Strategies used …
The Effects Of Stereoscopic Radar Displays On Air Traffic Controller Performance,
2013
Wright State University
The Effects Of Stereoscopic Radar Displays On Air Traffic Controller Performance, Jason G. Russi, Brent T. Langhals, Michael E. Miller, Eric Heft
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Controllers identify vertical separation in aircraft depicted on 2-D radar displays by calculating altitude from numerical values. This is used to create a 3-D mental image to determine vertical spacing; a mentally fatiguing practice. Current stereoscopic display technology exists that may allow reduction of this aspect of controller workload. With a near doubling of traffic expected within the next two decades (FAA, 2012), controllers’ abilities to rapidly interpret spacing and maintain awareness will become increasingly imperative to safety. A stereoscopic radar simulator was developed and field-tested with 35 USAF controllers. It presented a top-down view, similar to traditional radar displays, …
Development And Validation Of Measures For Army Aviation Collective Training,
2013
Wright State University
Development And Validation Of Measures For Army Aviation Collective Training, Martin Bink, Melinda Seibert, Courtney Dean, John Stewart, Troy Zeidman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Simulation-based Aviation Training Exercises (ATX) are critical for preparing U.S. Army Combat Aviation Brigades for deployment. However, while offering the opportunity to practice mission segments at the unit level, the effectiveness of this training remains unclear due to a need for objective assessments focused on observable team behavior. Unit Commanders and trainers need tools for measuring collective task performance in order to understand performance gains, facilitate feedback, and guide the learning of aviation tactical teams. To address this challenge, a set of aviation team performance measures were developed, data were collected to validate these measures, and strategies were created to …
Effects Of Motion Cueing On An Attitude Recovery Task,
2013
Wright State University
Effects Of Motion Cueing On An Attitude Recovery Task, Chris M. Nicholson, Ben Townsend, Andrew Staples, Murray Gamble, Dr. Chris M. Herdman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The present research investigated the impact of a motion cueing seat on a simple attitude recovery task. Participants (n=10) used a joystick to level an attitude indicator that was tilted at either a magnitude of 20 or 40 degrees from level (left or right). A dynamic motion seat was used to provide either congruent or incongruent motion cues. Relative to a no-motion baseline, incongruent motion caused performance decrements as indexed by an increase in the number of control reversals, a decrease in time level, and more over corrections. Congruent motion cueing did not affect performance on the attitude recovery task.
Human-Automation Performance Under Time Pressure Has Limited Benefits,
2013
Wright State University
Human-Automation Performance Under Time Pressure Has Limited Benefits, Casey Tunstall, Stephen Rice
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Previous research by Rice and Keller (2009) has supported that time pressure can positively affect operator compliance with an automated device if the automation is highly reliable despite the impact of speed-accuracy trade-off. When given sufficient time, operators aided by highly reliable automation tended to ignore the aid’s recommendation and produced human-automation performance levels less than that of the automation itself. When the operators were put under time pressure, they tended to comply with the automation with a performance that equaled or exceeded that of the automation itself. The current study suggests that the time pressure heuristic is only beneficial …
New Avionics Technologies Human Factors,
2013
Wright State University
New Avionics Technologies Human Factors, Michelle Yeh, Stephanie Chase, Juliana Goh, Bill Rogers, Nadine Sarter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
The purpose of this symposium is to identify and address common human factors issues with new and emerging avionics technologies, share lessons learned, and to provide an understanding of how the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) applies human factors research to enhance aviation safety. Flight deck technologies have been changing at a rapid pace, requiring updates to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations, guidance, and policy. This symposium will focus on flight deck technologies that will assist in NextGen implementation by improving flight crew awareness through Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information (CDTI), Airport Moving Maps, Primary Flight Displays (PFDs), and portable technologies. …
Military Unmanned Aircraft System Operators: Training And Human Performance Issues,
2013
Wright State University
Military Unmanned Aircraft System Operators: Training And Human Performance Issues, Joseph V. Cohn, Brent A. Older ., Dr. Richard D. Arnold, Elizabeth B. O'Neill
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Unmanned Aviation System (UAS) have leveraged considerably from the manned aviation approach. This approach was useful to jumpstart this technology but it is now time to find a more efficient and up-to-date approach, keeping with the capabilities and limitation of the concurrent technology. Three technical areas to mature and address the current limitations are recommended: 1) Selection for UAS Personnel (SUPer), to accurately forecast candidate UAS operator performance across UAS platforms and missions; 2) Distributed, Adaptive & Modular entities for UAS (DyAdeM), to automatically generate realistic & adaptive synthetic environments for simulated UAS training; and, 3) UAS Control Station Human …
Exploring The Boundaries Of Command And Control Models Of Distributed Team Performance In Aviation And Aerospace Operations,
2013
Wright State University
Exploring The Boundaries Of Command And Control Models Of Distributed Team Performance In Aviation And Aerospace Operations, Haydee M. Cuevas, Barrett S. Caldwell
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013
Traditional command and control (C2) models focus on a centralized command managing and directing one or more subordinate elements to perform required functions. However, in distributed C2 environments, a human commander has less ability to fully understand and control the behavior of "agents" (either human domain experts or autonomous automated systems) in real-time operations. In this paper, we explore the situational, information, and human performance issues that constrain the appropriateness of classical C2 system design, and highlight the need for distributed C2 information flow capabilities, in contemporary humanhuman and human-automation teams. We discuss these issues in the context of modern …
