Is Rho The Key To Hazardous Weather Avoidance?,
2017
Wright State University
Is Rho The Key To Hazardous Weather Avoidance?, William R. Knecht
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Current in-cockpit looping Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) is inadequate to maintain safe (20 nm) aircraft separation from heavy weather (> 40 dBZ reflectivity). This assertion issupported by mathematical information analysis and an empirical study (Knecht, 2016), as well as numerous previous empirical studies. The current work revisitsthe ecological analysis by examining the putative affordance (rho) specifying when weather-avoidance maneuver should begin, as suggested by General Tau Theory (Lee, 2009).With“gapdefined as the distance between the on-screen aircraft icon and the weather hazard, is specified by the ratio ((dg/dt)/g)(t), the instantaneous gap contraction rate divided by the instantaneous gap size. In current …
Effects Of Radar Side Conflict Probe Functionality On Atc Conflict Detection Performance And Efficiency,
2017
Wright State University
Effects Of Radar Side Conflict Probe Functionality On Atc Conflict Detection Performance And Efficiency, Anthony J. Masalonis, Ben Willems, Thomas Fincannon
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
We investigated integrating Conflict Probe (CP) on air traffic controllers’ Radar Side (R-Side) displays. Eight controllers worked realistic, high-trafficsimulation scenarios alone, using both R-Side and Radar Associate Side (RA-Side) displays. We manipulated CP presence on the R-Side— like today,italways appeared on the RA-Side—and the presence of yellow alerts for near-conflicts. We used established controller performance and workload metrics, plus novel operational analyses not used in past studies. R-Side CP had few workload effects, but increased voice communications when we included yellow alerts. It improved the efficiency of correcting conflict-inducing clearances, and seemed to facilitate proactive control to avertmore urgent alerts. …
Improving Aviation Students’ Teamwork, Problem Solving, Coordination, And Communications Skills During A High-Fidelity Simulation,
2017
Wright State University
Improving Aviation Students’ Teamwork, Problem Solving, Coordination, And Communications Skills During A High-Fidelity Simulation, Evan Lester, Andrea Georgiou, Michael Hein, Glenn Littlepage, Richard Moffett Iii, Paul Craig
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Flight Operations Center – Unified Simulation (FOCUS) lab at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) is a high-fidelity simulation of a regional airline’s flight operations center. During a simulation, a team of senior undergraduate aerospace students mustwork together across disciplines to manage 24 simulated Canadair Regional Jet– 200 aircraft and resolve real-world scenarios. After thesimulation, the lab’s staffevaluates the team’s performance, which is discussed during itsAfter Action Review (AAR). The AAR allows the team to establish strategies and an action plan to improve its performanceand skillsduring subsequent simulations. Overall,as the lab continuously increases in …
Four-Year Follow-Up Of Intensive, Simulator-Based Pilot Training,
2017
Wright State University
Four-Year Follow-Up Of Intensive, Simulator-Based Pilot Training, Maxine Lubner Ph.D., Deb Henneberry M.A., Sharon Devivo Ed.D., Andrew R. Dattel Ph.D., Emerson Allen B.S.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Sixteen students, who began with 0-20 flight hours, enrolled in an intensive, simulator based, collegiate training program. They completed their training with fewer flight hours than the US average: FAA Private Pilot within 4-6 weeks; instrument ratings in 3-4 weeks; Commercial within an average of 20 weeks and CFI ratings in an average of 40 weeks and all graduated with Bachelor’s degrees (ISAP, 2013). The students had met selection criteria. At the time, indicators of success included variables associatedwith simulator based training, camaraderie, shared learning and opportunities to reflect on training. Four years later, 81% are now flying professionally: eight …
An Investigation Into The Information Requirements For Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crew When Dealing With Cyber Threats,
2017
Wright State University
An Investigation Into The Information Requirements For Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crew When Dealing With Cyber Threats, Dr. Kristen K. Liggett, Peter Venero, Dr. Gina Thomas
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) crews of the future will encounter more than the traditional threats to their aircraft. In addition to air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles, future conflicts will most likely include cyber weapons. While cyber weapons cancertainly cause physical damage to these aircraft, the potential also exists to turn the friendly RPA against their own forces. The goal of the Resilient and Assured UASSystems and Operations (RAUSO) program is to develop a cyber security module (CSM) that will detect and defend RPAs from cyber attacks. In some cases, the CSM will need to act automatically to defeat the threat. In …
Flight Experience And Mental Representations Of Space,
2017
Wright State University
Flight Experience And Mental Representations Of Space, Mikayla Keller, Jennifer E. Sutton
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Spatial skills are critical for flight safety. The current study investigatedwhetherincreased flight experience as a pilotwas associated with improved spatial skills, and in particular, theability to form a mental representation of a novel virtual environment.Pilotscompleted small-scalespatial ability tasks, travelled alongfour routes in a virtual environment, and then completed two tests that assessed memory for the locations of landmarks in the environment. Pilots with more flight experience did not have more accurate mental representations of the environment than individuals with less flight experience. Increasedflyingexperience was, however, linked to better performance on a perspective-taking test. Perspective taking has been proposed as central …
Realer Than Real:The Quest For Immersive Realism In Rpa Virtual Training,
2017
Wright State University
Realer Than Real:The Quest For Immersive Realism In Rpa Virtual Training, Matt J. Martin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Aviationsimulation, including thatusedformilitaryaircrewtraining,hastypically focused on stick-and-rudder tasks.Butwhilegreat strides havebeenmadeovertheyearsinthefidelity of vir-tualaviationenvironments,enterprisetrainingeffortshavelaggedinareasofenvironmental im-mersion(physical,social,cognitive,etc.).Specifically,moreworkisneededonaircrew interac-tionwithcommandandcontrol, supporting groundunitsinnear-pearscenarios,andbuildingthe skillsneededtomaintain a highlevelofsituationalawarenessincomplexscenarios.This has of-tenleftpractitionersinthepositionofhavingtorelyonlive-flytrainingandaccumulatedexperi-encetofillinthegaps—evenwhenthatexperiencecanonlybegained during theactualemploy-mentoftheweaponssystemwithallofitsassociatedrisks.
Innovative Airport Visual Aids To Enhance Situational Awareness And Flight Training For General Aviation,
2017
Wright State University
Innovative Airport Visual Aids To Enhance Situational Awareness And Flight Training For General Aviation, Wesley Major, Sarah Hubbard
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Runway incursionsare a threat to runway safety andhave been increasing in recent years. Incursions are categorized into three categories, pilot deviations (PD), operational incidents (OI), and vehicle pedestrian deviations (VPD). At general aviation airports, PDs are the most prevalent runway incursion type. Inadequate situational awareness is one of the human factors associated with PDs. Student pilots,pilots flying to an unfamiliar airport, ground operations personnel, and emergencyplanning and emergency responders can benefit from the use of visual aids that extend beyond an airport diagram or static Google Earth imagery. More robust visual aids can potentially increase situational awareness and reduce the …
Understanding Pilots’ Explanations Of Automation Surprises,
2017
Wright State University
Understanding Pilots’ Explanations Of Automation Surprises, Robert Mauro, Loukia Loukopoulou, Julia Trippe
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Automation surprise may result from inadequate or mistaken “mental models” of the automation (Sarter and Woods, 1995). To study pilots’ mental models of their automation, 202 airline pilots were asked to explain five different events involving unexpected behaviors of aircraft automation. Pilots’ abilities to correctly explain the behavior of the automation differed systematically across the scenarios. The number of complete and correct responses varied from 19% to 86%, depending on the scenario. As the complexity of the automation increased, understanding decreased. Performance on the scenarios was not related to flight experience, automation experience, or source of automation training. But pilots’ …
Status Of Faa Air Traffic Control Fatigue Interventions 2013-2016,
2017
Wright State University
Status Of Faa Air Traffic Control Fatigue Interventions 2013-2016, Darendia Mccauley
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has long been concerned with the impact of fatigue in Air Traffic Operations. Fatigue has been cited as a factor in operational incidents. The shift work and quick turn-around shifts contribute to this problem. In conjunction with the collective bargaining agreement, FAA management and the National Air Traffic Association (NATCA) agreed to jointly develop a series of interventions designed to mitigate some of the aspects of fatigue in the controller workforce. This resulted in a Fatigue Group comprised of FAA management, NATCA representatives, and fatigue scientists. Following 15 work-intensive meetings, the Fatigue Risk Management Group …
How Automation May Transform The Ways In Which Crew Manage Peak Workload And Incapacitation,
2017
Wright State University
How Automation May Transform The Ways In Which Crew Manage Peak Workload And Incapacitation, Nick Mcdonald, Alison Kay, Rabea Morrison, Margaret Ryan
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
A ‘Crew Manage the Operation’ concept was developed as a unifying framework to analysethe combined role of diverse technologies in supporting the management of peak workload and incapacitation. Multiple-crew configurations meanthat many of the same technologies are supporting quite contrasting instantiation of crew roles. While Proactive and Immediate modes support the independence of the crew in their cockpit, both reactive modes of workload management pose questions about the information flow between the cockpit and ground control, and in turn about the level of support or, in the final mode, effective interventionthat could be provided from the ground. These issues are …
Investigating Facial Electromyography As An Indicator Of Cognitive Workload,
2017
Wright State University
Investigating Facial Electromyography As An Indicator Of Cognitive Workload, Jonathan Mead, Matt Middendorf, Christina Gruenwald, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Facial electromyography (fEMG) is an electromyographic measurement technique that has primarily been used as a tool for measuring affect, but previous experiments suggest that it also has the potential to help quantify cognitiveworkload. In the current study, two task-irrelevant facial muscles, corrugator supercilli and lateral frontalis, were monitored in real-time to determine whether they were sensitive to workload changes in a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) task environment. Real-time signal processing techniques were applied to derive the median amplitude and zero-crossing rate from windowed fEMG data. Statistical analysis of these features determined that both muscles were sensitive to variations in specific …
Advancement In Pedagogical Foundations: Developing Language Proficiency For Student Success,
2017
Wright State University
Advancement In Pedagogical Foundations: Developing Language Proficiency For Student Success, Stacey L. Mcintire, Juan R. Merkt, Jacqueline R. Luedtke, Timothy B. Holt, Brent D. Bowen, Hunter Watson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Interruptions in flight training and a corresponding increase in costs appear to be prevalent among universities with aviation training programs. Students in these programs have to manage both demanding academics and flight training. Additionally, international students, for whom English is not their primary language, have the added disadvantage of learning complex aviation concepts in English. In order to maximize retention in collegiate flight programs, an experimental aviation English course has been designed to helpfrontload aviation vocabulary and take a proactive approach to teaching language skills that are essential in flight training. This as a case study model includes the learning …
What Information About Consumers Predicts Their Trust In Autopilots?,
2017
Wright State University
What Information About Consumers Predicts Their Trust In Autopilots?, Mattie Milner, Rian Mehta, Stephen Rice, Scott Winter, Matt Pierce
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
In order for pilots to carry passengers from one destination to another they must rely on their indicators and controls to take them there safely. This also includes their ability to use autopilot technology to help facilitate ease of travel and safety for not only pilots but passengers, as well. Autopilot technology is always advancing and now we are seeing that technology being incorporated into commercial aviation and UAS’s doing tasks such as transporting goods to people’s homes to performing military operations Despite this advancement in technology, passengers may feel nervous about pilots relying on autopilot technology for flight instead …
Usaf Spatial Disorientation Prevention: A Meta-Analytical Human Systems Integration Perspective,
2017
Wright State University
Usaf Spatial Disorientation Prevention: A Meta-Analytical Human Systems Integration Perspective, Patrick O'Neil, Booz Allen Hamilton, Michael Miller
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Human Systems Integration involvesthe systematic consideration of tradeoffs in system structure or behavior, which affect sevenhuman-centered domains to optimize total system performance and life cycle cost.All too often, HSI is overlooked or poorly practiced, despite the specific directive within DoDI 5000.02 for program managers to plan for and conduct HSI. In the worst of cases, poor consideration of human capabilitiesandlimitations leads to errors, mishaps, and death or serious injury. One such human limitation in aviation is the inability of the pilot to maintain proper spatial orientationduring flight,asmismatches between the stimuli present during flight create an erroneous perception of aircraft attitude …
Effects Of Coupling An Operational Philosophy And A Corporate Culture In A Sociotechnical System,
2017
Wright State University
Effects Of Coupling An Operational Philosophy And A Corporate Culture In A Sociotechnical System, Oleksandr Petrenko, Oleg Petrenko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The article is considered the content, functions and displays of operating philosophy. Suggested the additional model for the analysis of areas of possible incompatibilities in the structure of human factors in view of the "operating philosophy" genesis and manifestations. The results of an empirical study of the interrelationship of the professional worldview on human factor issues and judgments on the desirable socio-cultural characteristics of ATS units among begining air traffic controllers are presented.
Operationalizing The Definition Of Risk As Variability,
2017
Wright State University
Operationalizing The Definition Of Risk As Variability, Julia Pounds, Paul Krois, Barry C. Davis, Melissa Wishy
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Maintaining safety requires acknowledgingrisk. However, one’s definition of risk can depend on whether the word is being used in everyday conversation or by safety practitioners or by domain experts. Not having a commonly agreed-upon definition poses problems for those charged with identifying, reducing, and communicating about risk. In an effort to standardize the definition, the International Organization for Standardization defined risk simply as the effect of uncertainty on objectives. Still, this general definition lacks enough specificity to describe uncertainty’s positive or negative effects. Relevant information can reduce uncertainty’s potential effects if it’s not ambiguous, unreliable, incomplete, or unavailable.
Periodic Blink Measures Using Dynamic Windowing,
2017
Wright State University
Periodic Blink Measures Using Dynamic Windowing, Matt Middendorf, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Christina Gruenwald, Jonathan Mead, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Artificial neural network (ANN) modelsare a common tool forcognitive state assessment. It is best if the inputs to the model are periodic. Typically, these inputs are extractedfrom physiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and others. Spectral measures derived from EEG data are periodic due to the signal processing. Features based on heart activity and respiration are quasi-periodic by nature. Features extracted from EOG, such as blink rate, can be especiallynon-periodic and can contain outliers. One approach to deal with this problem is to use static windows to compute average blink rate. This approach has some …
A Case Study Using The Human Factors Analysis And Classification System Framework,
2017
Wright State University
A Case Study Using The Human Factors Analysis And Classification System Framework, Flavio A.C. Mendonca Ph.D., Chenyu Huang Ph.D., Julius Keller Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Aircraft accidents are generally the end result of a number of latent conditions arising in the organizational and managerial sectors. These conditions frequently permit or even motivatethe unsafe acts by the flight crew. The Human Factors Analysis and ClassificationSystem (HFACS) is a system safety tool for the investigation and analysis of underlying human causal factors in aircraft accidents. Using the HFACS framework, four researchers classified the human factors identified by the Brazilian Aeronautical AccidentsInvestigation and Prevention Center (CENIPA) during the investigation of a mishap(PR-AFA) that happened in Brazil in 2014. CENIPA argued that errors and violations by both pilots contributed …
A Color-Code Design Tool,
2017
Wright State University
A Color-Code Design Tool, David L. Post, William E. Goode
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The FAA is developing a standard set of colors for use inair traffic control (ATC) displays.The set will be defined in terms ofCIE Yu'v'values, corresponding sRGB values, and color names. A significant complication is that the ATC controller population includes people who havecolor-vision deficiencies (CVDs). We have written a softwaretool to assist the FAA inselecting and testing a suitable set of colors. It accepts a set of Yu'v'values as input and: (1) Draws graphics and calculates color-related figures of merit to predict whether the set will be acceptable for color-normal and CVD …
