Techniques For The Human Centered Evaluation Of Designs For The Future Aviation System,
2015
Wright State University
Techniques For The Human Centered Evaluation Of Designs For The Future Aviation System, Philip J. Smith, Kathy Abbott, Lawrence J. Prinzel, Amy Pritchett, Tanya Yuditsky
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
In order to evaluate new operational concepts, system designs, procedures and technologies for the future aviation system, we need to develop and validate a range of techniques to ensure the safe and effective performance of human-machine systems. This becomes increasingly important as such systems incorporate increasing levels of automation and autonomy for technologies, and as they attempt to integrate increasingly complex subsystems. It is challenging to evaluate the individual components of such systems relative to meeting their design requirements. It is orders of magnitude more challenging to evaluate performance when they are embedded in the larger system context. While there …
Consumer Trust Ratings After An Airline Accident: An Affective Perspective,
2015
Wright State University
Consumer Trust Ratings After An Airline Accident: An Affective Perspective, Scott R. Winter, Stephen Rice, Ismael Cremer, Rian Mehta
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Fortunately airline accidents are rare; however when one occurs it usually results in widespread media attention. The purpose of this study was to examine how consumers’ trust ratings were impacted when one airline suffered an accident. The findings indicate that System Wide Trust (SWT) theory applies resulting in a trust reduction for all airlines, not just the accident airline. Affect was shown to act as a mediator in only three of the cases, which suggest that consumer’s responses may not be strongly influenced by emotions. Practical implications and limitations of this study are provided.
A3ir-Coree And Flightprofiler: An Academic-Industry Partnership For Sms Development,
2015
Wright State University
A3ir-Coree And Flightprofiler: An Academic-Industry Partnership For Sms Development, John H. Mott, Mark C. Ball
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
FlightProfiler, a safety management system software for general aviation that has been under development since 2000, quantifies and illustrates how 79 different factors collectively affect planning for general aviation flights. The software uses advanced collaborative decision-making technology and NextGen analytics to prescreen an entire flight cycle, with objectives of improving flight safety and reducing costs. The Advanced Aviation Analytics Institute for Research (A3IR-CORE) at Purdue University has entered a partnership with the software developer to improve the usability of the product in a collegiate aviation environment. This includes creating process flow diagrams of the software and of Purdue flight operations, …
Experimental Investigation Of Flight Crew Strategies In Handling Unexpected Events,
2015
Wright State University
Experimental Investigation Of Flight Crew Strategies In Handling Unexpected Events, Joris Field, Rogier Woltjer, Amy Rankin, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This paper reports a flight simulation study where airline flight crews were to handle unexpected situations, as part of the “Manual Operations for 4th Generation Airliners” (Man4Gen) EU research project. The analysis of their behaviour combined a cognitive systems engineering perspective with behavioural analysis methods used in aviation industry. Hollnagel’s Contextual Control (COCOM) and Extended Control (ECOM) Models are applied to examine the strategies with which the flight crew responded to the simulated events. The outcome of this analysis is combined with the results of industry expert analysis of the actions that flight crew were expected to perform. ECOM illustrates …
Un-Alerted Smoke And Fire: Checklist Content And Intended Crew Response,
2015
Wright State University
Un-Alerted Smoke And Fire: Checklist Content And Intended Crew Response, Barbara K. Burian
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
An in-flight smoke or fire event is an emergency unlike almost any other. The early cues for un-alerted conditions, such as air conditioning smoke or fire, are often ambiguous and elusive. The checklists crews use for these conditions must help them respond quickly and effectively and must guide their decisions. Ten years ago an industry committee developed a template to guide the content of Part 121 checklists for un-alerted smoke and fire events. This template is based upon a new philosophy about how crews should use the checklists and respond to the events. To determine the degree to which current …
Exploring The Mathematical Predictability Of The Advanced Aircraft Training Climate,
2015
Wright State University
Exploring The Mathematical Predictability Of The Advanced Aircraft Training Climate, Preven Naidoo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Effective pilot training on advanced aircraft is vital in ensuring flight safety, and positive perceptions of the training climate can contribute to the success of the training. Hypothetically, characteristics of the trainee can predict the training climate. Thus far, predictive models have provided little information about the mental viscosity or psychological comfort of the processes of pilot training. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to predict the psychological comfort of the organisational environment for advanced aircraft pilot transition training using a dichotomous categorical criterion. A predictive model of the phenomena was contemplated from a non-parametric …
Airframe Parachute Knowledge And Deployment Scenarios: A Collegiate Perspective,
2015
Wright State University
Airframe Parachute Knowledge And Deployment Scenarios: A Collegiate Perspective, Scott R. Winter, Robert C. Geske, Stephen Rice, Richard O. Fanjoy, Lauren Sperlak
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As airframe parachutes in general aviation aircraft become more popular, training is essential in fostering a willingness to use the system in the appropriate situation. Aviation decision-making literature suggests that individuals make choices based on experience and pattern matching, such as emergency situations and airframe parachute deployment scenarios. This led the researchers to investigate the knowledge and perspectives of collegiate pilots who train in aircraft equipped with airframe parachutes. Participants completed a surveyfocused on airframe parachute knowledge and scenario-based examples. Training experts were used to validate the parachute deployment scenarios used in the instrument. Responses indicate that pilots find aircraft …
Haptic Guidance, Interaction Between The Guidance Model And Tuning,
2015
Wright State University
Haptic Guidance, Interaction Between The Guidance Model And Tuning, M.M. (Rene) Van Paassen, Rolf P. Boink, David A. Abbink, Mark Mulder, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
A haptic interface, also called haptic display, is a system that informs and aids a human operator by forces on the control device (stick, steering wheel or other). These interfaces are being explored for many fields, e.g., for UAV control, (tele-)robotics, automotive control and flying. The force feedback helps in control tasks and increases the operator’s awareness. Proper design of such interfaces promotes “shared control”, where an autonomous agent and the human operator can jointly exercise control on a dynamic system. The human’s flexibility and adaptivity of his neuromuscular system offers ways to override the haptic support, should this be …
Modeling Task Prioritization Behaivors In A Time-Pressured Multitasking Environment,
2015
Wright State University
Modeling Task Prioritization Behaivors In A Time-Pressured Multitasking Environment, Takeaki Toma, Kenneth H. Funk Ii
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Cockpit task management (CTM) theory is structurally consistent with cognitive multitasking models. Based on the CTM framework, it is hypothesized that aviation task prioritization behavior in human multitasking may be influenced by importance, urgency, performance status, salience, and workload of tasks in a cockpit. A middle fidelity flight simulation study was conducted to test the above hypotheses. Questionnaire data indicated that the perceived task importance, the perceived task urgency and the perceived task salience had significant relationships with the perceived task priority after taking the individual difference and flight situational difference into account. The perceived task priority was related to …
Impact Of Task Load And Gaze On Situation Awareness In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control,
2015
Wright State University
Impact Of Task Load And Gaze On Situation Awareness In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control, Joseph T. Coyne, Ciara M. Sibley
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Increasing levels of automation and rising costs of manpower are pushing the DoD towards a supervisory control paradigm for future unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) missions. Using the Supervisory Control Operations User Testbed, a group of 20 participants completed two twenty minute supervisory control missions where eye tracking and performance data were collected. Each mission had 3 levels of task load; which were manipulated by varying the frequency of events to which the user responded. During each level, the simulation paused and a situation awareness (SA) probe appeared with all UAVs and targets randomly placed on the map. Participants were tasked …
Pupillary Response As An Indicator Of Processing Demands Within A Supervisory Control Simulation Environment,
2015
Wright State University
Pupillary Response As An Indicator Of Processing Demands Within A Supervisory Control Simulation Environment, Ciara Sibley, Joseph Coyne, Akshith Doddi, Phillip Jasper
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Current Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operator task demands are highly variable and unbalanced across team members, resulting in sub-optimal operator utilization which leads to mishaps. This has driven the Department of Defense’s desire for more flexible team structures and task allocation tools. Unobtrusive and continuous measures of operator state are needed to effectively allocate tasking to operators and prevent errors. Twenty participants completed two twenty minute supervisory control sessions where task load was manipulated by varying event frequency (e.g., information requests) and eye tracking data was collected. Pupillometry data revealed increased mean and maximum pupil sizes with increased task load …
Understanding Automation Surprise: Analysis Of Asrs Reports,
2015
Wright State University
Understanding Automation Surprise: Analysis Of Asrs Reports, Julia Trippe, Robert Mauro
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Pilots are frequently surprised by aircraft automation. These include cases in which the automation: 1) produces alerts to anomalies, 2) commands unexpected control manipulations (that may result in flight path deviations), or 3) simply disconnects. Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports in which pilots indicated that automation produced unexpected actions were analyzed. Three general conclusions were drawn. First, many factors precipitate automation surprises. These include problems in: the auto-flight system and associated displays and interfaces, other aircraft sensors and systems, and interactions with weather and ATC. Second, inappropriate pilot actions are involved in a large proportion of these events. Third, …
Inverting The Human/Automation Equation To Support Situation Awareness And Prevent Loss Of Control,
2015
Wright State University
Inverting The Human/Automation Equation To Support Situation Awareness And Prevent Loss Of Control, Alez Kirlik, Kasey Ackerman, Ben Seefeldt, Enric Xargay, Donald Talleur, Ronald Carbonari, Naira Hovakimyan, Lui Sha, Anna Trujillo, Irene Gregory
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Despite the contributions of automation to aviation safety and efficiency, the problems associated with technology-centered rather than human-centered automation are well known: decreased pilot situation awareness, deterioration of manual piloting skills, difficulties pilots experience when trying to jump into the loop when needed, and so forth. We present a prototype architecture for human-automation interaction that reverses their traditional roles: in our design, the automation "looks over the shoulder" of the pilot and jumps into the loop when needed rather than the other way around to prevent aircraft loss-of-control (LoC). The architecture exploits the LoC prevention algorithm proposed by Wilborn and …
Follow-Up Examination Of Simulator-Based Training Effectiveness,
2015
Wright State University
Follow-Up Examination Of Simulator-Based Training Effectiveness, Maxine Lubner, Andrew R. Dattel, Deb Henneberry, Sharon Devivo
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
A descriptive examination of the effectiveness of a simulator-based training program for pilots was conducted. Of 55 students of varying backgrounds, but mostly with limited flight experience, 13 enrolled in an intensive, simulator-based flight training program. Within two years the remainder had enrolled in conventional collegiate flight training, supplemented with some simulator training. The students in the intensive program completed their FAA Private Pilot certificates in an average of 5 weeks (not including simulator time). Moreover, the intensive program group earned their private pilot’s certificate in statistically significantly fewer hours (M=46.03) than the conventional collegiate flight training group (M=76.06). The …
Compared Evaluation Of B-Alert’S Encephalographic Workload Metrics Using An Operational Video Game Setup,
2015
Wright State University
Compared Evaluation Of B-Alert’S Encephalographic Workload Metrics Using An Operational Video Game Setup, Sami Lini, Christophe Bey, Lucille Lecoutre, Quentin Lebour
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
When it comes to operational human factors studies, the use of a number of different means (psychophysiological, questionnaires, performance indexes) to complete expert behavioral observations allows specialists to issue practical recommendations despite of the variability of the few operators involved. When it comes to mental workload, literature has identified several different physiological ways to assess it. We used Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and pupillometry for previous works (ISAP’11, ’13) and both have strong limitations: HRV can only be analyzed over 5-minutes time periods and pupil dilation is subject to light variability. During this study, we tested the electroencephalography B-Alert X10 …
Army Aviation Manned-Unmanned Teaming (Mum-T): Past, Present, And Future,
2015
Wright State University
Army Aviation Manned-Unmanned Teaming (Mum-T): Past, Present, And Future, Grant Taylor, Terry Turpin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in military operations has increased, so too have their capabilities. One recently developed capability is the ability to operate in conjunction with traditional manned aircraft through a process called manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T), allowing manned aviators to benefit from the unique capabilities of UAS. This paper provides an introduction to the concept of MUM-T, describing the early stages of research and development, current MUM-T capabilities in fielded Army systems, and planned future development efforts to continue to advance the capability.
The Effects Of Bright Light Intervention On Flight Crew Behavioral Alertness And Cognitive Fatigue,
2015
Wright State University
The Effects Of Bright Light Intervention On Flight Crew Behavioral Alertness And Cognitive Fatigue, Lori Brown, Geoffrey Whitehurst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bright light intervention to improve behavioral alertness and reduce cognitive fatigue in flight crew-members. During the four week study, crewmembers wore actigraph bands to monitor sleep behaviors. Self-assessed levels of sleepiness were recorded using the Karlosinska Sleepinees Scale (KSS), and self-assessed fatigue was measured using the Samn-Perelli (SP) fatigue scale. Participants completed psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT) to measure behavioral alertness. On the third and fourth weeks of the study, participants were exposed to short wavelength bright light (465nm blue) light intervention. The results show that there was a significant difference in alertness …
A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya,
2015
Walden University
A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya, Grace Gachanja
Walden Faculty and Staff Publications
Limited published data exists on how HIV-positive parents perform disclosure to all their children. A couple’s HIV disclosure experience to all their children is presented. They participated in a larger study conducted to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process. Each underwent individualized in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and transferred into NVivo 8 for analysis using the Van Kaam method. Three themes emerged including HIV testing, full disclosure delivery accompanied by marital disharmony, and postdisclosure psychological effects on the family. Marital disharmony and non-involvement of the father caused the mother to fully …
Asthma-Related Anxiety And Quick-Relief Medication Use In Urban Children With Asthma,
2015
Virginia Commonwealth University
Asthma-Related Anxiety And Quick-Relief Medication Use In Urban Children With Asthma, Sarah E. Astrab, Robin Everhart
Undergraduate Research Posters
Among children, asthma is the most common chronic illness. Although not curable, asthma is manageable with the use of both daily controller medication and quick relief or rescue medication. Anxiety has been found to increase asthma symptoms in children. Caregivers who are anxious about their child’s asthma symptoms may perceive their child’s asthma as more severe or doubt their ability to manage their child’s asthma, which can result in the misuse of asthma medication. This study focused on the association between asthma-related anxiety and the use of quick-relief asthma medications in a low-income, urban sample in Richmond, Virginia. Child participants …
A Role For Folk Psychology In Animal Cognition Research,
2015
York University
A Role For Folk Psychology In Animal Cognition Research, Kristin Andrews
Experimentation Collection
If we consider that the field of animal cognition research began with Darwin’s stories about clever animals, we can see that over the 150 years of work done in this field, there has been a slow swing back and forth between two extreme positions. One extreme is the view that other animals are very much like us, that we can use introspection in order to understand why other animals act as they do, and that no huge interpretive leap is required to understand animal minds. On the other extreme we have the view that other animals are utterly different from …
