Toxicology Commons^™

Possible Pro-Carcinogenic Association Of Endotoxin On Lung Cancer Among Shanghai Women Textile Workers, H. Checkoway, J. I. Lundin, S. Costello, R. Ray, W. Li, E. A. Eisen, G. Astrakianakis, N. Seixas, Katie M. Applebaum, D. L. Gao, D. B. Thomas

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background:

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is a widespread contaminant in many environmental settings. Since the 1970s, there has been generally consistent evidence indicating reduced risks for lung cancer associated with occupational endotoxin exposure.

Methods:

We updated a case–cohort study nested within a cohort of 267 400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China. We compared exposure histories of 1456 incident lung cancers cases diagnosed during 1989–2006 with those of a reference subcohort of 3022 workers who were free of lung cancer at the end of follow-up. We applied Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate exposure–response trends, adjusted for age and smoking, for cumulative …

Research By Dr. Mozayani, Ashraf Mozayani

Ashraf Mozayani, Ph.D., PharmD

No abstract provided.

Books Written By Dr. Mozayani, Ashraf Mozayani

Ashraf Mozayani, Ph.D., PharmD

No abstract provided.

Candy Flavorings In Tobacco, Jessica E. Brown, Wentai Luo, Lorne M. Isabelle, James F. Pankow

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Professor James F. Pankow reveals striking similarities between the patterns in the flavoring chemicals used in flavored tobacco products and those in popular candy and Kool-Aid products. The authors analyzed 12 artificially flavored candy and fruit drink products and compared them to 15 widely-available flavored tobacco products. They found significant overlap in the chemical signatures of the flavor chemicals. Several of the tobacco products contained flavor chemicals at much higher concentrations than in the non-tobacco products.

Carbon Nanomaterials In Freshwater Ecosystems: An Chronic, Multi-Generational, And Genomic Assessment Of Toxicity To Daphnia Magna, Devrah Anne Arndt

Theses and Dissertations

Carbon nanomaterials are synthesized with a variety of core structures and surface chemistries to make them more biocompatible for application in different industries, but variation in core structure and functionalization can change the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials to organisms. In addition, current literature is dominated by data from acute toxicity assays, but meta-data is necessary to improve our understanding of nanomaterial toxicity. This project identifies specific core structures and surface chemistries that make carbon nanomaterials more and less toxic using chronic toxicity assays and multi-generational assays to generate a dataset on the sub-lethal impacts of nanomaterials to Daphnia magna. In …

The Effects Of Indirubin-3’-(2,3 Dihydroxypropyl)-Oximether (E804) On Inflammation Profile In Macrophages, Amy Lauren Anderson

All Dissertations

Indirubin is a deep-red bis-indole isomer of indigo blue, both of which are biologically active ingredients in Danggui Longhui Wan, an ancient Chinese herbal tea mixture used to treat neoplasia and chronic inflammation, and to enhance detoxification of xenobiotics. Multiple indirubin derivatives have been synthesized and shown to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen-synthase kinase (GSK-3β) with varying degrees of potency. Several indirubins are also aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, with AhR-associated activities covering a wide range of potencies, depending on structure-activity-relationships (SAR). In this study, the effects on indirubin-3’-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)-oximether (E804), a novel indirubin derivative with potent effects on …

The Effects Of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate On The Abundance Of Producers And Grazers In Aquatic Communities Using Freshwater Microcosms, Stephanie R. Shipley

Honors College Theses

With increases in environmental awareness, industry has responded with products that reduce negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a rapidly degrading chemical commonly found in cleaners labeled as ‘environmentally friendly,’ has been shown to have low toxicity in single species toxicity tests. However, that organisms have different sensitivities to SLS suggests a need for measuring effects at the community level. We exposed communities of microalgae (Chlorella sp.) and invertebrate grazers (a benthic snail, Elimia sp. and pelagic microcrustacean Daphnia magna) to 0, 0.5 or 1.5 mgL^-1 SLS. Water quality and invertebrate abundance were measured …

The Effects Of Picrotoxin And Ethanol On Crayfish Escape And Central Motor Pattern Neural Circuits, Rebecca Bierman, Nathan Hardcastle, Colin Istvan

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Fatty Acids And Mercury In Seventy Seven Species Of Commercially Available Finfish In The United States, Dennis P. Cladis

Open Access Theses

Finfish are consumed across the United States and constitute an important part of the American diet. However, seafood consumption can be a tenuous topic, with supporters highlighting the health benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) and opponents emphasizing the neurotoxicity of methylmercury. Because all fish contain varying amounts of EPA, DHA, and methylmercury, the need for clear and unbiased information is essential to alleviate the confusion experienced by many consumers and empower them to make informed decisions regarding seafood consumption. As the market changes and more fish originate from aquaculture sources, where diets are controlled, …

Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products: Emerging Contaminants In Aquatic Ecosystems, Jenny E. Zenobio

Open Access Theses

In recent years, the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic systems has led to research on their fate and effects. PPCPs have been found in mixture in wastewater effluents, surface, ground, and drinking water at low concentrations from areas of intense urbanization. Although adverse effects to human health from the current environmental concentrations are unlikely, the impacts to ecological receptors are not clear. We performed field and laboratory studies to quantify and evaluate effects of PPCPs on fish. First, a field study was conducted at the Baca National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado (2010-2012) because a portion of …

An Evaluation Of Mercury Concentrations In Three Brands Of Canned Tuna, Shawn Gerstenberger, Adam Martinson, Joanna Kramer

Shawn Gerstenberger

There is widespread concern over the presence of Hg in fish consumed by humans. While studies have been focused on determining the Hg concentration in sport fish and some commercial fish, little attention has been directed to canned tuna; it is widely held that concentrations are low. In the present study, the amount of Hg present in canned tuna purchased in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, was examined, and the brand, temporal variation, type, and packaging medium impacts on Hg concentrations in tuna were explored. A significant (p < 0.001) brand difference was noted: Brand 3 contained higher Hg concentrations ($\bar x$ …

Speciation, Metabolism, Toxicity, And Protein-Binding Of Different Arsenic Species In Human Cells, Szabina A. Stice

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Despite of its known toxicity and potential to cause cancer, arsenic has been proven to be a very important tool for the treatment of various refractory neoplasms. One of the promising arsenic-containing chemotherapeutic agents in clinical trials is Darinaparsin (dimethylarsinous glutathione, DMA^III(GS)). In order to understand its toxicity and therapeutic efficacy, the metabolism of Darinaparsin in human cancer cells was evaluated. With the aim of detecting all potential intermediates and final products of the biotransformation of Darinaparsin and other arsenicals, an analytical method employing high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was developed. This method was …

Books Published, Ashraf Mozayani

Ashraf Mozayani, Ph.D., PharmD

No abstract provided.

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine, Christopher N. Banks, Dongren Yang, Pamela J. Lein, Michael A. Rogawski

Michael A. Rogawski

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (2,6-dithia-1,3,5,7-tetraazadamantane,2,2,6,6-tetraoxide, TETS) is a highly toxic heteroadamantane rodenticide. It is an odorless, tasteless,white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water (0.25 mg ml-1), dimethylsulfoxide and acetone. It was originally synthesized in 1933 as a resinous condensation product of sulfamide and formaldehyde and used commercially in pillows and upholstery as animpregnating stiffening and anti mold agent. However, in 1950, a massive poisoning of German workers in the furniture manufacturing industry was linked to ‘Crinex’ wool, which contained TETS as a by product of processing.

Environews #7, Richard Philp

Richard B. Philp

Artificial sweeteners in rivers, arsenic underground, gutting of environmental protection laws are topics discussed.

The Characterization Of Pb2+ Toxicity In Rat Neural Development: An Assessment Of Pb2+ Effects On The Gaba Shift In Neural Networks And Implications For Learning And Memory Disruption, Lorenz Simon Neuwirth

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The toxic effects of Pb2+ on the developing rat nervous system has been investigated to assess early developmental GABAergic disruption and its implications with altering inhibitory learning and memory. This goal was achieved using a multi-systems approach: blood lead levels (clinical physiology), qRT-PCR (molecular genetics), brain and primary neuronal culture immunology (immunohistochemical and cellular approaches), physiological cellular components (synaptosomes and protein expression) and finally through learning and memory assessment with GABA mimetic drug manipulations in the intact animal (behavioral pharmacology). The influence of a 956ppm Pb2+ gestational diet (i.e. from birth to sacrifice) resulted in pup mean blood lead levels …

Species - Dependent Cardiac And Motor Responses To Cholinergic Stimulation In Daphnia Pulex And Daphnia Magna, Bryan James Hannan

Wayne State University Theses

The role of acetylcholine (ACh) in regulating the activity of the heart and `feeding current' driven by the beating thoracic appendages of Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-I) and muscarinic receptor agonists. Single animals, tethered to a stainless steel pin, were tested in a watertight aquatic chamber that allowed free movement of appendages and swimming antennae. Heart contraction rate and the rate of thoracic appendage beating were quantified optically by measuring fluctuating changes in light-intensity caused by movement. Physostigmine, neostigmine, oxotremorine, pilocarpine as well as nicotine were used to study ACh and AChE. Atropine was …

Subthreshold Toxic Effects Of Atrazine And Three Degradates On Behavior In Procambarus Clarkii, Carol B. Starkey

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Atrazine is among the most heavily applied pesticides worldwide, and recent evidence suggests that it may be unsafe at environmental levels. It is a known endocrine disruptor and a suggested neurotoxin. The US EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is 3 μg/L for human ingestion and 200 μg/L for limited human exposure. Several environmentally persistent degradates have been identified, including deethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA). No MCLs have been established for these degradates, although some are suggested toxins. Thus, there remains concern for the risk associated with the presence of atrazine and its degradates in the environment. Currently little …

The Development Of Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Methods For The Analysis Of Cyanobacterial Toxins In Environmental Freshwaters, Brian Anthony Dineen

Theses

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a common component of many freshwater and marine ecosystems and have a potential to produce several different classes of biotoxins. The most common class of cyanobacterial toxins are the microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsins (CYLs). MCs are cyclic heptapeptides that display potent hepatotoxicity and are tumour promoters. CYLs are alkaloids that are cytotoxic and can cause illness and display hepatotoxic effects in animals and humans. Worldwide, these toxins have caused fatal poisonings to animals, birds and fish. Several incidents of human intoxications have been reported and the presence of these toxins in environmental waters …

Investigation Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids In Foods Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Caroline Griffin

Theses

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are known plant toxins which can cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD) in both humans and livestock when ingested. Although PAs are primarily known for their hepatotoxicity they also induce genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and pneumotoxicity. PAs are consumed through plants as food, for medicinal purposes, or as contaminants of agricultural crops. Aside from ingesting the plants directly PA exposure may occur through the consumption of honey produced by bees that visit PA-containing plants or by drinking milk produced by animals that have consumed PA-containing plants. Possible PA contamination in our food chain is a potential health risk.

To assess …