Food Chemistry Commons^™

Effects Of Salt And Garlic Concentration On The Microbial Safety, Biochemical Properties, And Sensory Acceptance Of Spontaneously Fermented Beet Kvass, Abigail Hing

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fermentation is the process by which primarily lactic acid bacteria (LAB), an environmentally ubiquitous group of organisms, convert carbohydrates into several byproducts, including acid, ethanol and/or gas. Often these resulting byproducts create desirable foods with unique flavor attributes and an increased inherent safety due to acidification. Vegetables such as red beetroot are suitable commodities for fermentation, due to abundant nutrient sources to sustain the LAB population. However, sufficient growth of LAB may lead to the production of harmful biogenic amines, specifically histamine and tyramine which can cause an allergic reaction and poisoning at high levels. Additionally, red beetroot is grown …

Characterization And Antimicrobial Activity Of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched With Clove And Thyme Essential Oil For Food Packaging Application, Shubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Brendan Duffy, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Bioactive packaging contains natural antimicrobial agents, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and increase the food shelf life. Solvent casting method was used to prepare the Poly (lactide)-Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA-PBAT) film incorporated with the thyme oil and clove oil in various concentrations (1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%). The clove oil composite films depicted less green and more yellow as compared to thyme oil composite films. Clove oil composite film has shown an 80% increase in the UV blocking efficiency. The tensile strength (TS) of thyme oil and clove oil composite film decreases from 1.35 MPs (control film) …

Enteric Biopolymer Composite Coatings To Enhance The Viability Of Powdered Probiotics During Preparation, Storage, And Simulated Digestions, Anyi Wang

Doctoral Dissertations

Due to suppressed metabolisms, powdered probiotics are generally more stable and more convenient for applications than the liquid form, but much work is needed to improve viability of powdered probiotics during processing, storage, and digestions. The goal of this dissertation was to fabricate delivery systems with an enteric biopolymer coating and a core of powdered probiotic ingredients. The principle of preparing powdered probiotics was to directly mix a concentrated cell suspension with hygroscopic food ingredient powders. Amorphous spray-dried lactose (SDL) was first studied to prepared powdered Lactobacillus salivarius NRRL B-30514 in chapter 2. A smaller amount of cell suspension resulted …

Microemulsions Of Cinnamon And Orange Oils As An Antimicrobial Delivery System For Salmonella Biofilms On Stainless Steel, Jennifer Vuia-Riser

Doctoral Dissertations

Essential oils (EOs) are natural antimicrobials that can be used to develop intervention strategies to inhibit pathogens, but EOs are lipophilic. Colloidal systems, such as microemulsions, are needed for food industry applications. This dissertation focused on the development and characterization of a microemulsion composed of cinnamon oil (CO, Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and orange oil (OO, Citrus sinensis) to be used against Salmonella Enteritidis H4267 biofilms formed on stainless steel disc surfaces.

First, the antimicrobial activity of CO and OO against S. Enteritidis H4267, either used in combination or in a microemulsion system, was determined. CO had a greater antimicrobial …

Biogenic Amines As A Product Of The Metabolism Of Proteins In Beer, Hayden Koller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

For many years the only beer that was commercially available in the United States were simple lagers and ales made primarily of barley (and other cereals), water, hops, and yeast. These beer varieties were simple and quick to produce with high levels of consistency. In the last 30 years the rise in craft and microbreweries have dramatically changed the landscape of brewing and beer. As smaller breweries rose in popularity so did the use of unique ingredients such as vegetables, fruits, herbs, meat, etc. along with higher gravity mashes and long barrel aging times. All these ingredients have a profound …

Using University Research In Food Science To Study Their Characteristics And To Model The Research And Information Needs Of Researchers, Lutishoor Salisbury, Jeremy Smith, Abayomi Omotola Omolewu

University Libraries Faculty Publications and Presentations

Using University Research in Food Science to Study their Characteristics and to Model the Research and Information Needs of Researchers.

Making collection management decisions of resources is important and challenging. The challenges arise from finding the balance between the mission of libraries to meet the needs of a wide range of users; the high cost of subscription to journals and databases; the escalating annual increases imposed by publishers, and limited budget for collection management activities.

By identifying and analyzing the research output from faculty and graduate students from the Food Science Department to determine where they published and the sources …

Design And Fabrication Of Colloidal Delivery Systems To Encapsulate And Protect Curcumin: An Important Hydrophobic Nutraceutical, Mahesh Kharat

Doctoral Dissertations

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound found in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome that has excellent biological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties to name a few. However, its incorporation in food and pharmaceuticals is difficult due to low water solubility and chemical instability. This study focuses on developing colloidal delivery systems for efficient encapsulation and increased protection of curcumin for maximizing the proposed health benefits of curcumin.

It was found that the physical and chemical stability of pure curcumin is impacted by pH, storage temperature, and molecular environment both in aqueous solutions and in oil-in-water emulsions. Pure …

Development Of Headspace Analysis Of Living And Postharvest Fresh Produce Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Sers), Xinyi Du

Masters Theses

The increasing market demand for fresh produce promotes a keen interest in developing a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for monitoring plant health and determining the shelf-life of postharvest produce. The objective of this study is to explore the capability of Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in these applications. SERS integrates Raman spectroscopy which measures molecular vibrations and nanotechnology which enhances the weak Raman signals. Herein, we developed two SERS methods based on a surface detection approach using nanoparticles solution and a headspace detection approach using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fibers, to detect biochemical changes during postharvest storage of arugula leaves. Compared …

Effect Of Dried Mushroom Powder On Thiol Content In Lyophilized And Native Bovine Myofibrillar Protein, Allany Chayasing

Food Science (MS) Theses

Thiol oxidation can form disulfide bonds that modify protein conformations, resulting in lower free thiol content. The effect of dried (lyophilized and oven-dried) mushroom powder (Agaricus bisporus or Pleurotus ostreatus) added to bovine lyophilized and native myofibrillar proteins (MP) on thiol oxidation was investigated. Mixtures of 10mg/mL MP with 0.1% and 0.2% mushroom powder in 0.3M NaCl were stored at 2ºC and 80 ºC for 10 days. Oven-dried A. bisporus had higher Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity at 8.05±0.71 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) mg/g compared to 4.97±0.20 GAE mg/g oven-dried P. ostreatus. Lyophilized P. ostreatus contained 164% more ergothioneine than …

Effect Of Low Dose Irradiation On Expression Of Genes Involved In Ethylene Biosynthesis Of 'Granny Smith' Apples, Brian Nyakundi

Food Science (MS) Theses

Superficial scald is a physiological disorder characterized by skin browning that appears during or after storage of ‘Granny Smith’ apples. The mechanism for scald development is not fully understood, but it is hypothesized that scald formation is related to increased ethylene production. In apples, low dose irradiation induced ethylene reduction appears to be directly related to prevention of superficial scald. However, the molecular basis of such an irradiation induced effect is not known. In this study, effort was made to better understand the molecular basis of the decrease in ethylene production in apple fruit after treatment with x-ray irradiation. ‘Granny …

Characterization Of Jasmine Rice Cultivars Grown In The United States, Anastasia Mills

Food Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Jasmine rice from Thailand accounts for about 60-70% of U.S. imported rice, primarily due to its preference by ethnic Asians as well as general American population. Recently new U.S. jasmine rice cultivars have been developed independently at three rice research stations in Arkansas, California, and Louisiana, but their properties have not been characterized. The objective of this research was to characterize and compare the physical appearance, chemical composition, thermal and pasting properties, cooked rice texture and starch structures of the newly-developed U.S. jasmine rice from Arkansas, California and Louisiana, to be compared with jasmine rice samples from Thailand. In general, …

Techniques To Enhance The Attributes Of Wines Produced From Grapes Grown In Arkansas, Sarah Mayfield

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are one of the most widely-planted horticultural crops, and the United States plays a major role in grape and wine production. Arkansas has a long history of grape and wine production with grapes grown in Arkansas including mostly native species, such as muscadines, and hybrids (crosses of Vitis spp.), such as Chambourcin. In addition, the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UA System) grape breeding program has cultivars and selections that have shown potential for wine production. The objectives of this research were to: evaluate effects of specific inactivated yeast application to Chambourcin grapevines on attributes …

The Effect Of Breakfast Macronutrient Composition In Children Ages 7-17 Years Old As A Potential Method To Combat Childhood Obesity, Angela M. Tacinelli

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is an ongoing concern. Currently, approximately 20% of children in the United States are obese. While obesity was once regarded merely as excessive adiposity within the body, it is has emerged as a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is multifactorial in nature. Weight gain can result from an energy imbalance in the body due to excess energy intake (calories in) and decreased energy expenditure (calories out). Identifying methods to combat obesity is essential. Nutritional intervention may be a strategy to help …

Edible Films Made Of Corn Zein Protein And Cellulose Derivatives, Gloria Dukuzeyesu, Changmou Xu, Zhang Yue

UCARE Research Products

A composite edible film made of corn zein protein (Z) and cellulose derivatives (C) was successfully fabricated. Edible films are coatings used to wrap food products to protect them against microbial deterioration, loss of moisture, and to extend the shelf life of the product. These edible films are consumed together with the product . The mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, application on fruits, and shelf life of the composite film were studied. Zein demonstrated excellent packing characteristics; due to its high no polar contents and hydrophobic nature, zein film served as a moisture barrier. Hydroproxy methylcellulose (HPM) is tasteless, odorless …

Utilization Of Emulsion Chemistries For Delivery And Antiviral Application Of Carvacrol, Hao-Yuan Hsu

Masters Theses

Human norovirus (HuNoVs) are the most common enteric pathogen around the world that cause ~50% of foodborne illness of disease outbreaks annually. HuNoVs are the member of the Caliciviridae family, which consist of small (38 nm), unenveloped, single stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. Norovirus are divided into 5 genogroup (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV, GVI and GVII). The GI, GII, and GIV cause human illness, in addition, GII.4 genotype cause the most human disease. Due to HuNoVs are difficult cultured in vitro, the cultivable HuNoVs surrogates have been widely studied. Recently, some studies have been conducted with HuNoVs surrogates, for …

Periodic Table Club, Makayla Gill, Kailynn Jensen

Honors Expanded Learning Clubs

This club is dedicated to teaching the generation of future scientists the periodic table. This is designed to be a unique take on a STEM club that uses the periodic table as a backbone for a solid foundation in chemistry.

Predicting Anthocyanin Content In Canned Black Beans Based On Color, Courtney Simons, Juan Osorno, Lauren Fuelling

Lake Campus Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

The dark color of black beans is associated with the presence of anthocyanins. These are phytochemicals known to contribute to improved health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-cancer benefits. Therefore, the color of canned black beans could potentially predict the total concentration of anthocyanins present. To test this hypothesis, 12 black bean varieties obtained from North Dakota State University Bean Breeding Program were cooked and evaluated for anthocyanin content and color characteristics (L*, hue and chroma) of end-product. Pearson Correlation statistics was applied to determine if color values could be used as a reliable index to predict relative …

Cost-Effective Method To Determine Effect Of Ethylene Gas On Ripening Of Bananas, Ashley Siefring, Devin Siefring, Brooke Gaerke, Colby Homan

Lake Campus Research Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Ethylene, a gaseous plant hormone associated with fruit ripening processes, is produced by bananas as they ripen. Hence the presence of ripe bananas could trigger the ripening of green bananas if they are stored together. To test this hypothesis, green bananas, all at the same stage of maturation was collected and separated into two groups. One group was stored alone while the other group was stored with ripe bananas. The rate of ripening between the two groups was observed over 2 weeks and measured using a standard banana color chart. The study confirmed our hypothesis that green bananas ripen faster …

Promotion Of Colon Health By Strawberry And Cranberry, Yanhui Han

Doctoral Dissertations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has posed serious threats to the human health, which lead to chronic malabsorption of nutrients, abnormal pain and rectal bleeding. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to the onset of IBD. Multiple studies suggested that dysbiosis in colon plays an important role in the development of colitis, and gut microbiota composition are different between patients with IBD and healthy individuals. Intake of whole foods, such as fruits and vegetables, may confer health benefits to the host. The beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables mainly attribute to their richness of polyphenols and microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). Components …

De Novo Sequencing And Analysis Of Salvia Hispanica Tissue-Specific Transcriptome And Identification Of Genes Involved In Terpenoid Biosynthesis, James Wimberley, Joseph Cahill, Hagop S. Atamian

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Salvia hispanica (commonly known as chia) is gaining popularity worldwide as a healthy food supplement due to its low saturated fatty acid and high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, in addition to being rich in protein, fiber, and antioxidants. Chia leaves contain plethora of secondary metabolites with medicinal properties. In this study, we sequenced chia leaf and root transcriptomes using the Illumina platform. The short reads were assembled into contigs using the Trinity software and annotated against the Uniprot database. The reads were de novo assembled into 103,367 contigs, which represented 92.8% transcriptome completeness and a diverse set of Gene Ontology …