Food Biotechnology Commons^™

Gelatinization Properties Of Starches From Three Successive Generations Of Six Exotic Corn Lines Grown In Two Locations, Y. Ji, L. M. Pollak, S. Duvick, K. Seetharaman, Philip Dixon, Pamela J. White

Philip Dixon

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the intra- and interpopulation variability in gelatinization properties of starches from exotic corn lines and their derivatives when grown 1) during two successive years in the same location; and 2) in both temperate and tropical environments. Six novel exotic corn lines (two 100% exotic and four 25% exotic derived from a breeding cross developed by crossing an exotic hybrid with Corn Belt lines) were selected for this research because their starches have significantly different (and potentially useful) thermal properties from those found in starch from normal Corn Belt corn. The Sn (n ...

Microstructure And Antimicrobial Functionality Of Nano-Enhanced Protein-Based Biopolymers, Dattatreya M. Kadam, Chao Wang, Sheng Wang, David A. Grewell, Buddhi P. Lamsal, Chenxu Yu

David A. Grewell

Whey protein isolates (WPI) and corn zein protein (CZP) films, embedded with porous silica-coated titanium nano-enhancers (TiO2@@SiO2), were prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial functionality. Protein solutions at 5% WPI and 13.5% CZP were amended with 1.5% w/w of TiO2@@SiO2 nano-enhancers and subjected to sonication at 0, 16, 80, and 160 µm amplitude prior to casting into films. The effects of sonication on nano-enhancer distribution and the structure and morphology of the resulting films were elucidated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface structure of the films was altered by the presence of nano-enhancers. The nano-enhanced ...

Postharvest Quality And Physiology Of ‘Fuji’ Apples Subjected To Phytosanitary Irradiation, Nasim Kheshti, Alan Baquero, Anderson Melo, Anuradha Prakash

Student Research Day Abstracts and Posters

Irradiation is an effective treatment to sterilize and destroy insect pests on fresh fruit. It serves as an alternative to cold treatment and to fumigation which are time consuming and ozone depleting, respectively. In this study, the postharvest quality of Fuji apples was evaluated after irradiation at 400 Gy and 800 Gy. The quality of the apples which were stored at 1˚C for 7 days to mimic ground transportation and distribution and then at ambient temperature for another 7 days to mimic retail storage and consumer use, was assessed. Irradiation caused an immediate decrease in firmness by 12% at ...

Towards The Development Of A Sustainable Soya Bean-Based Feedstock For Aquaculture, Hyunwoo Park, Steven Weier, Fareha Razvi, Pamela A. Peña, Neil A. Sims, Jennica Lowell, Cory Hungate, Karma Kissinger, Gavin Key, Paul Fraser, Jonathan Napier, Edgar B. Cahoon, Thomas Clemente

Faculty Publications from the Center for Plant Science Innovation

Soya bean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sought after for both its oil and protein components. Genetic approaches to add value to either component are ongoing efforts in soya bean breeding and molecular biology programmes. The former is the primary vegetable oil consumed in the world. Hence, its primary usage is in direct human consumption. As a means to increase its utility in feed applications, thereby expanding the market of soya bean coproducts, we investigated the simultaneous displacement of marine ingredients in aquafeeds with soya bean-based protein and a high Omega-3 fatty acid soya bean oil, enriched with alpha-linolenic and ...

Microstructure And Antimicrobial Functionality Of Nano-Enhanced Protein-Based Biopolymers, Dattatreya M. Kadam, Chao Wang, Sheng Wang, David A. Grewell, Buddhi P. Lamsal, Chenxu Yu

Chenxu Yu

Whey protein isolates (WPI) and corn zein protein (CZP) films, embedded with porous silica-coated titanium nano-enhancers (TiO2@@SiO2), were prepared and exhibited enhanced antimicrobial functionality. Protein solutions at 5% WPI and 13.5% CZP were amended with 1.5% w/w of TiO2@@SiO2 nano-enhancers and subjected to sonication at 0, 16, 80, and 160 µm amplitude prior to casting into films. The effects of sonication on nano-enhancer distribution and the structure and morphology of the resulting films were elucidated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface structure of the films was altered by the presence of nano-enhancers. The nano-enhanced ...

Public Acceptance Of And Benefits From Agricultural Biotechnology: A Key Role For Verifiable Information, Wallace E. Huffman, Abebayehu Tegene

Wallace Huffman

The on-going genetically modified (GM) food and genetically modified organism (GMO) conaovccsy threaten to destroy the near-term market for agbiotech food and inputs and alter greatly the net social benefits that are potentially attainable from agriculcural biotechnology. For example, consider:

1. In February 2000 Greenpeace filed a lawsuit challenging the US Environmental Protection Agency's decision co allow the release of GM insect resistant (Bt) crops. In their news release they stated 'The EPA should stop [GE] polluters before the environment is threatened' (Greenpeace, 2000a).

2. During the week of 23 March 2000 Greenpeace joined over 50 other organizations in ...

An Investigation Into Spent Coffee Waste As A Renewable Source Of Bioactive Compounds And Industrially Important Sugars, Damhan Scully, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Conventional coffee brewing techniques generate vast quantities of spent espresso grounds (SEGs) rich in lignocellulose and valuable bioactives. These bioactive compounds can be exploited as a nutraceutical or used in a range of food products, while breakdown of lignocellulose generates metabolizable sugars that can be used for the production of various high-value products such as biofuels, amino acids and enzymes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose in SEGs following a hydrothermal pretreatment. A maximum reducing sugar yield was obtained at the following optimized hydrolysis conditions: 4.97 g of pretreated SEGs, 120 h ...

The Effect Of Soy Food Intake On Mineral Status In Premenopausal Women, Ying Zhou, D. Lee Alekel, Philip M. Dixon, Mark Messina, Manju B. Reddy

Manju B. Reddy

Background: Soy foods have been substituted for meat in recent years because of proposed health benefits. Research indicates, however, that soy protein and phytate in soy products inhibit the absorption of divalent cations. Methods: Our study was primarily designed to determine the effect of consuming two to three servings per day of soy foods, providing *19 g protein and *36 mg isoflavones, on iron and zinc status in premenopausal women during a 10-weeks period. As secondary outcomes, we also tested the effect of soy foods on biochemical markers of bone and thyroid hormones. Nonsmoking women (18–28 years) without chronic ...

Mapping Of Iron And Zinc Quantitative Trait Loci In Soybean For Association To Iron Deficiency Chlorosis Resistance, Keith E. King, Gregory A. Peiffer, Manju B. Reddy, Nick Lauter, Shun Fu Lin, Silvia R. Cianzio, Randy C. Shoemaker

Manju B. Reddy

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) in soybean results in yield losses or in extreme cases death. Breeding for resistance has shown limited success with no cultivar having complete resistance. Mineral content of the soybean could be an indicator of the ability of the plant to withstand the effects of IDC. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration was examined in soybean seed and leaves. SSR, RFLP, and BARCSOYSSR markers were used to construct a linkage map used for mapping of Fe and Zn concentrations. The QTL analysis for the combined data identified one major QTL for seed Fe accumulation on chromosome 20 ...

Soup Consumption Is Associated With A Reduced Risk Of Overweight And Obesity But Not Metabolic Syndrome In Us Adults: Nhanes 2003-2006, Yong Zhu, James H. Hollis

James Hollis

A limited number of studies have found that soup consumption is related to a lower risk of overweight and obesity in Asian and European populations, however, these studies do not provide a consistent picture regarding the association between soup consumption and markers of metabolic syndrome. To date, no study examining the relationship between soup and body weight or metabolic syndrome have been conducted in the US population. The present study used a sample of 4158 adults aged 19–64 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003 and 2006. The frequency of soup consumption was determined ...

Short-Term Exposure To Heat Stress Attenuates Appetite And Intestinal Integrity In Growing Pigs 1, S. C. Pearce, M. V. Sanz-Fernandez, James Hollis, Lance H. Baumgard, Nicholas K. Gabler

James Hollis

Acute heat stress (HS) and heat stroke can be detrimental to the health, well-being, and performance of mammals such as swine. Therefore, our objective was to chronologically characterize how a growing pig perceives and initially copes with a severe heat load. Crossbred gilts (n=32; 63.8±2.9 kg) were subjected to HS conditions (37°C and 40% humidity) with ad libitum intake for 0, 2, 4, or 6 h (n=8/time point). Rectal temperature (Tr), respiration rates (RR), and feed intake were determined every 2 h. Pigs were euthanized at each time point and fresh ileum and ...

Fermentation-Assisted Extraction Of Isothiocyanates From Brassica Vegetable Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Recent studies showed that Brassica vegetables are rich in numerous health-promoting compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and glucosinolates (GLS), as well as isothiocyanates (ITCs) and are involved in health promotion upon consumption. ITCs are breakdown products of GLS, and typically used in the food industry as a food preservative and colouring agent. They are also used in the pharmaceutical industry due to their several pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, and chemoprotective effects, etc. Due to their widespread application in food and pharmaceuticals, the present study was designed to extract ITCs from York cabbage. In order to ...

Atlantis Program Allows Eu, Us Students To Focus On Biorenewable Resources, Howell Medders, Andrew Proctor, Lawrence A. Johnson, Ronald L. Madl, D. Raj Raman

Lawrence A. Johnson

EU-US Atlantis is an umbrella program for a variety of inno­ vative educational opportunities for students and faculty to study and conduct research abroad and for curriculum development. The Integral Valorization of Bio-Production (IVBP) program, funded for 2008-2012, provides financial assistance for US students to study in Europe and for EU students to study in the United States.

Seminar In India Well Attended, Lawrence A. Johnson

Lawrence A. Johnson

The India Section of the AOCS held a one­ day seminar February 21 on "Emerging Technologies in the Oils and Fats Industry." Approximately 70 industry, government, and academic professionals from across India were in attendance, as were AOCS Vice President Larry Johnson, Executive Vice President Jean Wills,and Membership Director Kathy Atchley.

Microbes In Rough Rice – Prevalence, Growth Kinetics And Links To Dry Matter Loss, Supriya Thote

Theses and Dissertations

The prevalence of microorganisms on freshly-harvested long-grain hybrid, long-grain pureline, and medium-grain rice has not been elucidated. The first objective of this two-part study was to determine the relative prevalence of microbes on freshly-harvested, high moisture content rice of different types and cultivars. The total and surface aerobic plate counts (APC) and mold counts were determined in terms of log10 colony forming units per gram of rice (log10 CFU/g) for six rice cultivars over two years. In 2013, among harvested samples of all the studied rice cultivars, the long-grain hybrid cultivars had the lowest APC levels (M = 8.10 ...

Formation Of Elongated Starch Granules In High-Amylose Maize, Hongxin Jiang, Harry T. Horner, Tracey M. Pepper, Michael Blanco, Mark Campbell, Jay-Lin Jane

Harry Horner

GEMS-0067 maize starch contains up to 32% elongated starch granules, much higher than amylose-extender (ae) single-mutant maize starch (∼7%) and normal (non-mutant) maize starch (0%). These elongated granules are highly resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis at 95–100 °C, which function as resistant starch. The structure and formation of these elongated starch granules, however, were not known. In this study, light, confocal laser-scanning, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy were used to reveal the structure and formation of these elongated starch granules. The transmission electron micrographs showed fusion through amylose interaction between adjacent small granules in the amyloplast at the early ...

Passion, Crowdfunding And A Sichuan Pepper Gin, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

A husband-and-wife team turns passion into a craft distillery business

Characterization Of Extraction Methods To Recover Phenolic-Rich Extracts From Black Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris) That Inhibit Alpha-Amylase And Alpha-Glucosidase Using Response Surface Approaches, Mazen Alharbi

Nutrition & Health Sciences Dissertations & Theses

Black beans contain high phenolic contents that are considered potent antioxidants. Relatively little is known about their ability to inhibit the carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase from releasing glucose from starch and/or disaccharides. The objective of this project was to determine the optimum procedures for extracting total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total condensed tannins (TCT) from black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), and then to determine the ability of the phenolic rich extracts to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Due to their high phenolic levels, it was hypothesized that black beans would be an effective inhibitor of α-amylase and α-glucosidase ...

Behavioral Determinants Of Biofortified Food Acceptance: The Case Of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato In Ghana, Chinonso E. Etumnu

Master's Theses

Biofortified foods are being introduced in sub-Saharan Africa as an important strategy to help address micronutrient malnutrition. However, there has been little research on factors that could play decisive roles in their successful introduction. This paper investigates the determinants of consumer acceptance of biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) using data from a choice experiment conducted in Ghana. I find that OFSP is preferred to traditional white-fleshed and yellow-fleshed sweet potatoes as indicated by consumers' marginal willingness to pay for the three varieties. I also find that respondents' socio-economic characteristics do not have a significant effect on consumer acceptance of OFSP ...

Evaluation Of Qualitative Food Allergen Detection Methods And Cleaning Validation Approaches, Rachel C. Courtney

Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research in Food Science and Technology

Allergen control plans are increasingly used by the food industry to prevent allergen cross-contact and validation of these plans involves methods to detect allergen protein residues. A commonly used rapid allergen detection method is lateral flow devices, although research about their validation is lacking. The objective of this research was to investigate lateral flow devices, their specificity and sensitivity to milk proteins and milk-derived ingredients, swabbing conditions, and applications in cleaning validation.

Several lateral flow devices advertised to detect total milk did not detect whey proteins or whey-derived ingredients. The overload level of the kits was highly variable (ranging from ...