Agriculture Commons^™

Optimization And Experiment Of Key Components Of Horizontal Green Walnut Peeling Machine, Yang Zhong-Qiang, Guo Hui, Ma Yue-Hong

Food and Machinery

In order to optimize the structure and movement parameters of the key parts of horizontal walnut peeling machine, a kind of horizontal green walnut peeling machine was designed in this paper. By analyzing the structure and working principle of the whole machine and its key parts, the peeling test was carried out by selecting different brush types, blade types and blade arrangement. The key parts of horizontal green walnut peeling machine were determined: C type brush, F type blade and h type blade arrangement. Through the peeling test of spindle speed and feeding amount, the operating parameters of horizontal green …

Numerical Simulation Of The Influence Of Environmental Factors On The Column Dissipating Cooling Of Cold Storage Floor, Sun Xiao-Hong

Food and Machinery

Modeling of the ventilation floor and the column of a cold storage was investigated. The aim was to prevent the local frost heaving of the floor caused by the scattered cooling of the floor column of the cold storage, as well as to improve the scientific management level of the cold storage and reduce the building energy consumption. Using the cooling capacity of the floor and column, and the temperature near the column as indexes, the influence of the indoor temperature, indoor convective heat transfer coefficient, inlet air temperature of ventilation pipe and wind speed on the cooling capacity and …

Selection Of Hyperspectral Characteristic Wavelength And Construction Of Prediction Model For Cucumber Hardness And Moisture, Ma Shuai-Shuai, Yu Hui-Chun, Yin Yong, Yuan Yun-Xia, Li Xin, Xue Shu-Ning

Food and Machinery

In order to achieve fast and accurate detection of cucumber freshness by hyperspectral technology, taking the hardness and rate of water loss as the quality index, the hyperspectral imaging technology was used to test the cucumber with different storage dates in the same batch. Firstly, Savitzky-Golar method, multivariate scattering correction (MSC) and standard normal variable transformation (SNV) were used to preprocess the collected hyperspectral data of cucumber, and the pretreatment results were compared to determine that the Savitzky-Golar method was more effective. Then, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), partial least squares (PLS) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to …

Studies On Screening Of High-Yield Phytase-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria And Its Low-Phytate Nutritional Breads Through Black Bean Sourdough Fermentation, Cao Wei-Chao, Luo Kun, Cheng Xin, Chen Cheng, Zheng Jian-Xian, Huang Wei-Ning, Li Ning, Filip Arnaut, Zhou Li-Yuan

Food and Machinery

In this study, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) L-19 with high phytase activity selected from spontaneous fermentation black bean substrate was used as starter to prepare black bean sourdough. The fermentation process of black bean sourdough was optimized by response surface design. The growth of LAB and acidity of the sourdough were investigated in the work, and the molecular weight distribution of peptides and the degradation ratio of anti-nutritional factors (ANF) were analyzed during sourdough fermentation. Meanwhile, the baking characteristics of black bean sourdough bread were evaluated. The results showed that LAB L-19 with phytase-producing capacity was identified …

Research Progress Of Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors In The Field Of Determination In Food Safety, Han Shuang, Ding Yu-Xin, Leng Qiu-Xue, Yao Ai-Xin, Teng Fu, Qin Shi-Li, Du Ji-Wei, Liu Xiu-Zhi

Food and Machinery

This review summarized article reviews the preparation and classification of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors, as well as the practical application and development of food safety detection, and their development prospects were also prospected.

Ssdna-Templated Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters For Label Free Detection Of Tetracyclines, Yang Li-Xia, Zeng Xi-Ke, Yi Zi

Food and Machinery

In this paper, a novel and label-free fluorescence sensing strategy has been developed for tetracyclines (TCs) detection in food sample by using poly(thymine) (poly T)-templated copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) as fluorescent probes. Under optimized conditions, the label-free fluorescent sensor achieved highly sensitive and selective detection of TCs with a detection limit of 0.01 μmol/L, and with a detection limit of 48 μg/kg in real samples. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the detection of TCs in milk and chicken samples. The relative standard deviation was less than 4.01%, and the recovery rate was between 97.67% and 110.23%. The strategy was …

Study On Pot Type Fixation Process Of Green Tea Based On Online Flavor Detection, Jiang Jian-Jun, Li Zhen-Feng, Song Fei-Hu

Food and Machinery

In this study, the PEN3 electronic nose was implanted for online flavor detection, based on the traditional pot-type fixating device. By studying the relationship between the response value of the PEN3 electronic nose representative sensor and the quality of the fixating at different pot temperatures, a green tea pot-type fixating system based on the flavor online detection was proposed. The system could feedback control the temperature of the fixating pot according to the measured values of enzymatic oxides and the aroma volatiles of the green tea. The results showed that the low temperature of the fixating pot could lead to …

Development And Analysis Of Infrared-Spouted Bed Combined Drying Equipment, Ma Li, Duan Xu, Ren Guang-Yue, Li Lin-Lin, Li Xin-Lin

Food and Machinery

In order to better solve the problem of poor uniformity of single infrared drying, take advantage of the high-efficiency and energy-saving characteristics of infrared heating, combined with the characteristics of spouted bed and uniform heat transfer, an infrared-spouted bed combined drying equipment is designed. The device includes a spouted bed drying system, an infrared radiation heating system, a return air conditioning system, a power circulation system and a control system. In order to evaluate the performance of the drying equipment, fresh edamame was used as the material to verify the drying uniformity and product quality of the equipment. The results …

Improved Boreal Forest Wildfire Fuel Type Mapping In Interior Alaska Using Aviris-Ng Hyperspectral Data, Christopher William Smith, Santosh K. Panda, Uma Suren Bhatt, Franz J. Meyer

Aspen Bibliography

In Alaska the current wildfire fuel map products were generated from low spatial (30 m) and spectral resolution (11 bands) Landsat 8 satellite imagery which resulted in map products that not only lack the granularity but also have insufficient accuracy to be effective in fire and fuel management at a local scale. In this study we used higher spatial and spectral resolution AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data (acquired as part of the NASA ABoVE project campaign) to generate boreal forest vegetation and fire fuel maps. Based on our field plot data, random forest classified images derived from 304 AVIRIS-NG bands at Viereck …

Hemp Production Network Effects: Are Producers Tipped Toward Suboptimal Varietal Selection By Their Neighbors?, Tanner Mccarty, Jeffrey Young

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

The 2018 farm bill removed industrial hemp from the Schedule 1 Controlled Substance List. In response, states scrambled to enact hemp legislation. Some hemp flower producers report their hemp fields were cross- pollinated by a neighbor growing a different hemp cultivar. For hemp flower crops, cross- pollination reduces cannabinoid concentration levels within the flower; these concentration levels dictate flower price. We show that in a repeated game, once a sufficiently large percentage of growers decide to plant hemp fiber/seed crops, cross-pollination forces flower growers to convert to fiber/seed to avoid the negative network externality. Over time, a stable, suboptimal Nash …

The Inverse Relationship Between Solar-Induced Fluorescence Yield And Photosynthetic Capacity: Benefits For Field Phenotyping, Peng Fu, Katherine Meacham-Hensold, Matthew H. Siebers, Carl J. Bernacchi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Improving photosynthesis is considered a promising way to increase crop yield to feed a growing population. Realizing this goal requires non-destructive techniques to quantify photosynthetic variation among crop cultivars. Despite existing remote sensing-based approaches, it remains a question whether solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) can facilitate screening crop cultivars of improved photosynthetic capacity in plant breeding trials. Here we tested a hypothesis that SIF yield rather than SIF had a better relationship with the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax). Time-synchronized hyperspectral images and irradiance spectra of sunlight under clear-sky conditions were combined to estimate SIF and SIF yield, which were then correlated …

The Biden Climate Plan, J. David Aiken

Cornhusker Economics

President Obama had an aggressive climate plan that included regulation of carbon emissions from power plants. Hillary Clinton would have continued with aggressive policies to slow and reverse global warming but was defeated by Donald Trump in 2016. President Trump sought to undo most of President Obama’s climate policies and pursued a fossil-fuel friendly energy and climate policy. The 2020 election of President Biden marks a resumption of ambitious policies to slow and ultimately reverse global warming. This newsletter identifies three major policies the Biden administration is expected to pursue and attempts to explain what policy implication might look like.

Agricultural Data Management And Sharing: Best Practices And Case Study, Eli K. Moore, Adam Kriesberg, Steven Schroeder, Kerrie Geil, Inga Haugen, Carol Barford, Erica M. Johns, Dan Arthur, Megan Sheffield, Stephanie M. Ritchie, Carolyn Jackson, Cynthia Parr

School of Earth & Environment Faculty Scholarship

Agricultural data are crucial to many aspects of production, commerce, and research involved in feeding the global community. However, in most agricultural research disciplines standard best practices for data management and publication do not exist. Here we propose a set of best practices in the areas of peer review, minimal dataset development, data repositories, citizen science initiatives, and support for best data management. We illustrate some of these best practices with a case study in dairy agroecosystems research. While many common, and increasingly disparate data management and publication practices are entrenched in agricultural disciplines, opportunities are readily available for promoting …

Novel And Transgressive Salinity Tolerance In Recombinant Inbred Lines Of Rice Created By Physiological Coupling-Uncoupling And Network Rewiring Effects, Isaiah C.M. Pabuayon, Ai Kitazumi, Kevin R. Cushman, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Glenn B. Gregorio, Balpreet Dhatt, Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam, Harkamal Walia, Benildo G. De Los Reyes

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The phenomenon of transgressive segregation, where a small minority of recombinants are outliers relative to the range of parental phenotypes, is commonly observed in plant breeding populations. While this phenomenon has been attributed to complementation and epistatic effects, the physiological and developmental synergism involved have not been fully illuminated by the QTL mapping approach alone, especially for stress adaptive traits involving highly complex interactions. By systems-level profiling of the IR29 × Pokkali recombinant inbred population of rice, we addressed the hypothesis that novel salinity tolerance phenotypes are created by reconfigured physiological networks due to positive or negative coupling-uncoupling of developmental …

Aphid Natural Enemies And Biological Control, Ron Patterson, Ricardo Ramirez

All Current Publications

This fact sheet lists common arthropods of Utah that eat aphids. It will help identify those arthropods and will describe management practices that aid in their success. Many of these predators will eat other plant damaging insects in addition to aphids.

Strategically Making Your Farm Or Ranch Profitable, Matt Stockton

Cornhusker Economics

The word ‘strategically’ sounds sophisticated and is often used to imply the presence of some secret idea that will always work to increase profit. The word seems to suggest that to be strategic requires special knowledge or an almost magical method of accomplishing something. In truth, however, strategy is simply a plan of action or policy designed to achieve something desired, and it can be complex or basic, as each occasion requires. Strategy can be good or bad, a successful endeavor or a disaster. The key to good strategy is to have clear understanding of desired out-come, as well as …

European Aspen With High Compared To Low Constitutive Tannin Defenses Grow Taller In Response To Anthropogenic Nitrogen Enrichment, Franziska Bandau, Benedicte Riber Albrectsen, Kathryn M. Robinson, Michael J. Gundale

Aspen Bibliography

Boreal forests receive nitrogen-(N)-enrichment via atmospheric deposition and industrial fertilization. While it is known that N-enrichment can intensify interactions with natural antagonists, it remains poorly understood how genetic variability in plant defense chemistry can affect biotic interactions and height growth in N-enriched environments. We grew replicates of five low- and high-tannin Populus tremula genotypes, respectively, under three N-treatments (ambient, 15, and 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1). We assessed shoot blight occurrence (i.e. symptoms caused by Venturia fungi) during four growing seasons, and tree height growth during the same period. Damage by Venturia spp. increased with N-addition during all years, likely …

Grocery Food Taxes And U.S. County Obesity And Diabetes Rates, Lingxiao Wang, Yuqing Zheng, Steven Buck, Diansheng Dong, Harry M. Kaiser

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Grocery food taxes represent a stable tax revenue stream for state and municipal government during times of adverse economic shocks such as that observed under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Previous research, however, suggests a possible mechanism through which grocery taxes may adversely affect health. Our objectives are to document the spatial and temporal variation in grocery taxes and to empirically examine the statistical relationship between county-level grocery taxes and obesity and diabetes.

METHODS: We collect and assemble a novel national dataset of annual county and state-level grocery taxes from 2009 through 2016. We link this data to …

Payroll Protection Program Increases Eligibility, Marilyn Schlake, Austin Duerfeldt

Cornhusker Economics

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact business-es across the country, the Small Business Administration (SBA) has issued new guidelines for the Payroll Protection Program (PPP) in 2021. These guidelines increase the eligibility rules for self-employed, sole proprietors and 1099 workers, including agricultural producers, that allow them to apply and access the PPP Loan funds.

Picking Up Where The Tmdl Leaves Off: Using The Partnership Wild And Scenic River Framework For Collaborative River Restoration, Alan R. Hunt, Meiyin Wu, Tsung-Ta David Hsu, Nancy Roberts-Lawler, Jessica T. Miller, Alessandra Rossi, Lee Lee

Department of Biology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act protects less than ¼ of a percent of the United States’ river miles, focusing on free-flowing rivers of good water quality with outstandingly remarkable values for recreation, scenery, and other unique river attributes. It predates the enactment of the Clean Water Act, yet includes a clear anti-degradation principle, that pollution should be reduced and eliminated on designated rivers, in cooperation with the federal Environmental Protection Agency and state pollution control agencies. However, the federal Clean Water Act lacks a clear management framework for implementing restoration activities to reduce non-point source pollution, of which …