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Articles 631 - 660 of 1673

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Neural Network Models Using Thermal Sensations And Occupants’ Behavior For Predicting Thermal Comfort, Zhipeng Deng, Qingyan Chen Sep 2018

Neural Network Models Using Thermal Sensations And Occupants’ Behavior For Predicting Thermal Comfort, Zhipeng Deng, Qingyan Chen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

It is important to create comfortable indoor environments for building occupants. This study developed neural network (NN) models for predicting thermal comfort in indoor environments by using thermal sensations and occupants’ behavior. The models were trained by data on air temperature, relative humidity, clothing insulation, metabolic rate, thermal sensations, and occupants’ behavior collected in ten offices. The models were able to predict similar acceptable air temperature ranges in offices, from 20.6℃ to 25℃ in winter and from 20.6℃ to 25.6℃ in summer. The comfort zone obtained by the NN model using thermal sensations in the ten offices was narrower than …

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Quantification Of Building Energy Performance Uncertainty Associated With Building Occupants And Operators, Sara Gilani, William O'Brien Sep 2018

Quantification Of Building Energy Performance Uncertainty Associated With Building Occupants And Operators, Sara Gilani, William O'Brien

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Occupants play an important role in building energy performance, while building operators are the other side of the coin. This research quantifies the relative impact of probabilistic versus standard occupant models on building energy use. Energy performance of a highperformance reference small office building in Ottawa, Canada, is investigated using a simulation-based analysis. The impact of building users is studied by systematically altering occupant and operator-related domains, including occupants' presence and use of lights, window shades, operable windows, plug-in appliances, and thermostats. The results showed that the predicted natural gas energy use increased by a factor of about two compared …

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Towards A New Way Of Capturing Occupant Well-Being, Mark Allen, Mauro Overend Sep 2018

Towards A New Way Of Capturing Occupant Well-Being, Mark Allen, Mauro Overend

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Occupant well-being is undergoing a surge of interest in both the research community and industry, as the potential benefits of increased levels of well-being become better quantified and understood. Well-being science itself is also constantly evolving, moving from the traditional negative view of depression and mental disorders as markers of well-being, towards the more positive notion of flourishing, which is feeling good and functioning well. This paper first sets out the key elements of well-being, as found in psychology literature. Surveys and interviews are the main methods used to capture the well-being of individuals and populations, yet completion rates can …

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A Novel Methodology To Spatially Evaluate Dgp Classes By Means Of Vertical Illuminances. Preliminary Results, Luigi Giovannini, Fabio Favoino, Valerio R.M. Lo Verso, Anna Pellegrino, Valentina Serra Sep 2018

A Novel Methodology To Spatially Evaluate Dgp Classes By Means Of Vertical Illuminances. Preliminary Results, Luigi Giovannini, Fabio Favoino, Valerio R.M. Lo Verso, Anna Pellegrino, Valentina Serra

International Building Physics Conference 2018

A novel methodology to overcome the main limit of the Daylight Glare Probability DGP (i.e. the heavy computational time for an annual analysis of the DGP profile in one point) is presented. This uses a proxy based on the vertical illuminance (Ev) at the eye level. To do so, the most suitable value of Ev, to substitute DGP, is found by means of a comparison to the corresponding DGP value through a fault-detection diagnosis technique. The methodology was applied to a representative enclosed office with one South-facing window (Window-to-Wall Ratio of 50%) located in Turin. The glazing was assumed to …

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Daylight Availability In A Room Equipped With Pcm Window, Dominika Knera, Dariusz Heim Sep 2018

Daylight Availability In A Room Equipped With Pcm Window, Dominika Knera, Dariusz Heim

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The increase in building energy performance mainly focused on the improvement of physical properties (thermal and optical) of individual components of building envelope. Very good isolation parameters can be easily achieved for opaque elements like walls and roofs. However, improvement of glazed component parameters is still required. Improving thermophysical properties of window can be achieved using phase change material (PCM). Presented work is a part of extensive research project including the analysis and experimental investigation of window integrated with PCM layer. This modification changes the thermal properties of glass unit and effects on visible light transmission through the window. The …

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Development Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window Model For Visual Comfort Assessment, Michelangelo Scorpio, Giuseppina Iuliano, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio, Luigi Maffei, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, Manuela Almeida Sep 2018

Development Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window Model For Visual Comfort Assessment, Michelangelo Scorpio, Giuseppina Iuliano, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio, Luigi Maffei, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, Manuela Almeida

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Smart windows, especially those electric-driven, represent one of the most advanced technologies for controlling solar radiation. For a correct use, it is necessary to understand their real behaviour through in-situ measurements on full-scale application as well as calibrating and validating visual simulation models capable of predicting their performances. In this paper, the preliminary results of current research activities aimed at developing simulation models of electric-driven full-scale glazing are presented. The research activities started with the assessment of the visible solar transmittance as a function of light incident angle through in-situ measurements; different models, with related values, of the visible solar …

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Lighting Quality Study Of Shopping Malls In China Based On The Evaluation Experiment, Rui Dang, Yanhui Bu, Qingchen Wang, Gang Liu1 Sep 2018

Lighting Quality Study Of Shopping Malls In China Based On The Evaluation Experiment, Rui Dang, Yanhui Bu, Qingchen Wang, Gang Liu1

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The lighting environment of the shopping malls will greatly influence the customer's visual comfort and product sales. This experiment studied the lighting environment of jewelry stores with the highest lighting energy consumption in shopping malls. The jewelry store scene which was built in the Key Laboratory of Building Environment Simulation had a total of 150 lighting conditions. Then, we measured lighting parameters, and subjective evaluation of lighting quality (including lighting comfort and commodities display effect) with 30 participants were carried out. We analyzed the experimental data to get the influence law of lighting parameters on lighting quality. Finally, this paper …

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Thermal Performance Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window: Experiments In A Full-Scale Test Room And Simulation Model, Giovanni Ciampi, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, Manuela Almeida, Luigi Maffei Sep 2018

Thermal Performance Of An Electric-Driven Smart Window: Experiments In A Full-Scale Test Room And Simulation Model, Giovanni Ciampi, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio, Giuseppe Peter Vanoli, Manuela Almeida, Luigi Maffei

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper reports the results of experimental tests and numerical simulations aimed at evaluating the performance of an electric-driven smart window with respect to solar control in buildings. The experimental performances of the electric-driven smart window were evaluated using a south oriented full scale experimental facility designed and realized. The tests were carried out during the summer under real sky conditions upon varying the state of the electricdriven smart window (clear and milky). In the first part of the paper, the experimental results are discussed in terms of surface temperature of glazings as well as indoor air temperature in order …

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Impact Of The Substrate Thermal Inertia On The Thermal Behaviour Of An Extensive Vegetative Roof In A Semiarid Climate, Sergio Vera, Gilles Flamant, Germán Molina, Camilo Pinto, Paulo Tabares-Velasco, Nicholas Kincaid, Waldo Bustamante Sep 2018

Impact Of The Substrate Thermal Inertia On The Thermal Behaviour Of An Extensive Vegetative Roof In A Semiarid Climate, Sergio Vera, Gilles Flamant, Germán Molina, Camilo Pinto, Paulo Tabares-Velasco, Nicholas Kincaid, Waldo Bustamante

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of thermal inertia of the substrate of a vegetative roof on its thermal behaviour. Thermal inertia of the substrate was incorporated in two existing thermal models of vegetative (green) roof systems, the Sailor (2008) and Tabares and Srebric (2012) models. The predicted temperatures across the substrate, with and without inertia, were compared with experimental data obtained on a real vegetated roof located in a semiarid climate. The study shows the absolute need to consider the thermal inertia of the substrate to accurately predict the temperatures within the substrate and thus …

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New Algorithm For Water Leakages Flow Through Rain Screen Deficiencies, Lars Olsson, Carl-Eric Hagentoft Sep 2018

New Algorithm For Water Leakages Flow Through Rain Screen Deficiencies, Lars Olsson, Carl-Eric Hagentoft

International Building Physics Conference 2018

There is a need of more knowledge about the mechanisms of water leakage through façades exposed to driving rain to make reliable risk analyses. Therefore, we have studied it in more detail and the outcome include inter alia a new algorithm. The algorithm is developed for calculation of water leakages through rain screen deficiencies. The algorithm is based on empirical values from many measurements according to standardized test method and validation. Even though the leakage process is very complicated, simple correlations have been shown. The leakages flow rate through deficiencies are mainly limited by the runoff rate and the catch …

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Stochastic Modelling Of Hygrothermal Performance Of Highly Insulated Wood Framed Walls, Lin Wang, Hua Ge Sep 2018

Stochastic Modelling Of Hygrothermal Performance Of Highly Insulated Wood Framed Walls, Lin Wang, Hua Ge

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Recent years, the majority of building codes in North America require an energy efficient envelope to improve the building energy efficiency. There are different design strategies to achieve a higher insulation level of the wood framed building envelope, such as increasing the depth of stud cavity to accommodate thicker insulation or adding an exterior insulation while keeping the depth of stud cavity unchanged. However, the highly insulated walls may lead to a higher risk of moisture problems. The deep cavity walls will reduce the temperature of the wood sheathing, which may increase the potential for condensation and mold growth. The …

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Thermal Insulation Of Radon Systems To Avoid Freezing, Mehdi Ghobadi, Liang Zhou Sep 2018

Thermal Insulation Of Radon Systems To Avoid Freezing, Mehdi Ghobadi, Liang Zhou

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Radon (Rn) stacks, with or without an inline Rn fan, are designed to extract damp soil gas from under basement concrete slabs of homes. Along with Rn gas, moisture vapor also travels up through the Rn stacks. The amount of moisture in the vent pipes can, depending on the circumstances, be significant. In extremely cold weather, this moisture can condense, freeze, form ice and clog the vent pipe at the exit point. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics was used to examine the amount of insulation required to avoid ice build-up in the Rn vent pipe located in unheated attic space …

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Experimental Analysis On A Solar Air Heating Façade System, Valeria Longo, Francesco Isaia, Stefano Fantucci, Lorenza Bianco, Valentina Serra, Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri Sep 2018

Experimental Analysis On A Solar Air Heating Façade System, Valeria Longo, Francesco Isaia, Stefano Fantucci, Lorenza Bianco, Valentina Serra, Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In this study, investigations on the thermal performance of a solar air heating façade system were carried out. The system consists of a double skin building envelope composed by an opaque internal face, with a novel solar absorbent layer and a glazed external face. This kind of system, particularly suitable to refurbish existing building envelopes, is designed to work as a fan-assisted air supply, which mitigates the heating and ventilation demand during the winter period. An experimental campaign was set up using a full scale façade module in order to thoroughly characterize its thermal behavior and the air flow rate. …

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Experimental Validation Of A Model For Naturally Ventilated Double-Skin Facades, Alessandro Dama, Matteo Dopudi, Olena Kalyanova Larsen Sep 2018

Experimental Validation Of A Model For Naturally Ventilated Double-Skin Facades, Alessandro Dama, Matteo Dopudi, Olena Kalyanova Larsen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The steady state thermal model discussed in this paper is devoted to predict the temperatures and heat fluxes through a naturally ventilated DSF, having solar radiation and environmental temperatures as inputs. It is coupled with a fluid-dynamic model, based on a pressure loop, which takes into account both buoyancy and wind pressure at the openings. The model has been validated against experimental data, basing on the prediction of the internal surface temperature of the DSF. Results show acceptable accuracy in the prediction of the heat flux towards the inside, even though they reveal a slight heat flux overestimation associated with …

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Hygrothermal Assessment Of North Facing, Cold Attic Spaces Under The Eaves With Varying Single Sided Passive Ventilation Strategies And Infiltration Scenarios, In A Cool, Temperate Climate, Nickolaj Feldt Jensen, Søren Peter Bjarløv, Christopher Just Johnston, Casper F. H. Pold, Morten Hjorslev Hansen, Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri Sep 2018

Hygrothermal Assessment Of North Facing, Cold Attic Spaces Under The Eaves With Varying Single Sided Passive Ventilation Strategies And Infiltration Scenarios, In A Cool, Temperate Climate, Nickolaj Feldt Jensen, Søren Peter Bjarløv, Christopher Just Johnston, Casper F. H. Pold, Morten Hjorslev Hansen, Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Relative humidity and temperature were measured in cold attic spaces under the eaves with diffusion-open roofing underlay to investigate different ventilation strategies, the influence of infiltration, and exterior insulated roofing underlay. The project was carried out as a full-scale experimental setup in the cool, temperate climate in Lyngby, Denmark. The objective was to test if the best practice recommendations concerning design of the cold attic space will prevent damaging moisture levels in the attics. Measurements do however indicate that complying with recommendations will not ensure satisfactory moisture levels in the attic spaces. A comparison of the passive ventilation strategies in …

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Hygrothermal Performance Of Sealed Attics In Climate Zone 3a, Mikael Salonvaara, Achilles Karagiozis, William Miller Sep 2018

Hygrothermal Performance Of Sealed Attics In Climate Zone 3a, Mikael Salonvaara, Achilles Karagiozis, William Miller

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Sealed attics with fiberglass have been in the US building codes for several codes cycles. Prior to the IRC 2018, air permeable insulation (such as fiberglass) was previously allowed to be deployed without continuous air impermeable insulation only in dry climate zones 2B and 3B in tile roofs systems. New research has revealed that asphalt shingles can also be allowed as implemented in the new IRC 2018 with a new addition to the section for sealed attics using air permeable insulations. The new building code also permits the use of air permeable insulation without air impermeable insulation in climate zones …

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Moisture Robustness Of Eaves Solutions For Ventilated Roofs – Experimental Studies, Steinar Grynning, Silje Kathrin Asphaug, Lars Gullbrekken, Berit Time Sep 2018

Moisture Robustness Of Eaves Solutions For Ventilated Roofs – Experimental Studies, Steinar Grynning, Silje Kathrin Asphaug, Lars Gullbrekken, Berit Time

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Ventilated pitched wooden roofs with eaves (roof overhangs) is a common building practice in the Scandinavian countries. The eaves are protecting the façade from rain, wind driven rain (WDR) and snow, and it covers the roof ventilation aperture. The eaves should be designed so that the least possible amounts of rainwater and snow enters the ventilation aperture between the roof cladding- and underlayer roofing. At the same time, adequate ventilation of the roof must be ensured to promote proper drying-out capabilities of the roof and to avoid problems of snow melt and ice formation at eaves and gutters during winter …

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Thermal Performance Of Novel Natural Ventilation Apertures In A High- Performance Single-Family House, Martha Bohm Sep 2018

Thermal Performance Of Novel Natural Ventilation Apertures In A High- Performance Single-Family House, Martha Bohm

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Natural ventilation provides opportunities to reduce residential cooling load in summer, but increasing the operability of a façade potentially increases infiltration, which is already a source of significant winter heat load. Solving both of these simultaneously is challenging. The test building for this study was a prototype house containing a novel ventilator detail which allows for porosity for summer ventilation and a tight, insulated seal in winter. We aimed to determine whether the prototype had low enough infiltration and thermal bridging to be worthy of further laboratory testing and subsequent deployment in more buildings. The test home was blower door …

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Application Of Radiant Floor Heating In Large Space Buildings With Significant Cold Air Infiltration Through Door Openings, Gang Liu, Siyu Cheng, Yi Xu, Kuixing Liu Sep 2018

Application Of Radiant Floor Heating In Large Space Buildings With Significant Cold Air Infiltration Through Door Openings, Gang Liu, Siyu Cheng, Yi Xu, Kuixing Liu

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Radiant Floor Heating System (RFHS) has been commonly used in railway stations in cold regions of China for its advantages in thermal comfort and energy efficiency. However, the uneven distribution and extremely cold area of the heating floor, caused by cold air infiltration through door openings, are commonly found in our filed measurements. This impact is not considered in the standardized design methods, resulting in an underestimation of the design heat flux. In this paper, CFD simulations are used to quantify the impacts of natural infiltration on surface heat transfer process. Model validation was made against field measurements. 13 simulations …

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Evaluating The Hygrothermal Performance Of Wooden Beam Heads In 19th Century Town Houses Using In-Situ Measurements, Paul Wegerer, Thomas Bednar Sep 2018

Evaluating The Hygrothermal Performance Of Wooden Beam Heads In 19th Century Town Houses Using In-Situ Measurements, Paul Wegerer, Thomas Bednar

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Improving the energy efficiency of typical 19th century townhouses in middle Europe the focus on the wooden beam bearing’s hygrothermal performance has become more and more important during the last years. There are several issues for the risk of rotting of the wooden parts of the ceiling, because the retrofitting process of the masonry totally changes the hygrothermal conditions inside the wall. Applying an interior insulation or changing the airtightness of the building envelope as well as the introduced moisture from the retrofitting process lead to a moisture increase inside the masonry and might cause rotting of the ceilings’ wooden …

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Experimental Investigations Of Wooden Beam Ends In Masonry With Internal Insulation: Results Contrasting Three Years Of The Experiment, Pavel Kopecký, Kamil Staněk, Michal Bureš, Jan Richter, Jan Tywoniak Sep 2018

Experimental Investigations Of Wooden Beam Ends In Masonry With Internal Insulation: Results Contrasting Three Years Of The Experiment, Pavel Kopecký, Kamil Staněk, Michal Bureš, Jan Richter, Jan Tywoniak

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper deals with hygro-thermal performance of wooden beam ends embedded in masonry walls with lime-cement plaster applied on the external side. Three different insulation systems are attached on the internal side of masonry. The real scale experiment has been monitored for three consecutive years. Microclimatic conditions in joist pockets were assessed by VTT mold growth index. The paper shows the influence of two changes of boundary conditions on the microclimate in joist pockets. First, moisture load on the internal side of building enclosure was increased (24 °C, 60 % in winter 2016/2017 instead 20 °C, 50 % in winter …

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On The Hygrothermal Behaviour Of Brick Veneer Cladded Timber Frame Walls: The Role Of The Vapour Diffusion Resistance Of The Wind Barrier, Michiel Vanpachtenbeke, Jelle Langmans, Jan Van Den Bulcke, Joris Van Acker, Staf Roels Sep 2018

On The Hygrothermal Behaviour Of Brick Veneer Cladded Timber Frame Walls: The Role Of The Vapour Diffusion Resistance Of The Wind Barrier, Michiel Vanpachtenbeke, Jelle Langmans, Jan Van Den Bulcke, Joris Van Acker, Staf Roels

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The present study looks into the hygrothermal behaviour of timber frame walls with brick veneer cladding in a moderate sea climate. It specifically focuses on the contradictory criterion for the wind barrier when it comes to the risk of interstitial condensation for summer and winter conditions: a vapour open wind barrier is advantageous during an outward vapour flow (i.e. in typical winter conditions for European climates), while during an inward vapour flow (i.e. in summer conditions) a more vapour tight wind barrier is appropriate. Therefore, a field study is conducted on two typical timber frame walls with brick veneer cladding …

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Performance Evaluation Of A Highly Insulated Wall To Withstand Mould, Klodian Gradeci, Umberto Berardi Sep 2018

Performance Evaluation Of A Highly Insulated Wall To Withstand Mould, Klodian Gradeci, Umberto Berardi

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In this paper, the performance to withstand mould growth of a highly insulated wall is evaluated by applying a probabilistic-based methodology that accounts for the involved uncertainties and investigates their significance. A sensitivity analysis according to the Morris method is conducted to understand the influence of each parameter and simplify the system representation. Deficiencies in terms of moisture and air leakages are accounted for. The mould growth outcome is evaluated by integrating different mould models and assessment criteria. The study demonstrates that a probabilistic-based methodology enables a more systematic approach to evaluate wall constructions since it accounts for the involved …

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Empirical Assessment Of Summertime Overheating Risk In New, Retrofitted And Existing Uk Dwellings, Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Robert Irving Sep 2018

Empirical Assessment Of Summertime Overheating Risk In New, Retrofitted And Existing Uk Dwellings, Rajat Gupta, Matt Gregg, Robert Irving

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This paper statistically assesses the hourly internal summertime temperature datasets gathered during the summer of 2013 (May to September), from 63 dwellings across the UK. The sample consisted of unmodified dwellings (existing); dwellings with varying levels of fabric improvements (retrofitted) and dwellings constructed to higher levels of the Code for Sustainable Homes (new). Indoor and outdoor temperature data from bedrooms and living rooms from these homes were collected at five-minute intervals using temperature sensors. These data were processed and analysed for summertime overheating, using both static criteria (CIBSE Guide A) and the criteria associated with the EN15251 adaptive thermal comfort …

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Comparison Of Daylighting Simulation Workflows And Results Using Plugins For Bim And 3d Modeling Programs: Application On Early Phases Of Design Process, Marina Da Silva Garcia, Maíra Louise Martins De Freitas, Roberta Vieira Gonçalves De Souza, Ana Carolina De Oliveira Veloso Sep 2018

Comparison Of Daylighting Simulation Workflows And Results Using Plugins For Bim And 3d Modeling Programs: Application On Early Phases Of Design Process, Marina Da Silva Garcia, Maíra Louise Martins De Freitas, Roberta Vieira Gonçalves De Souza, Ana Carolina De Oliveira Veloso

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The present paper investigated the application of the daylighting analysis features of the Insight BIM plugin, comparatively to DIVA, a plugin for a 3D Nurbs modeling software. Considering the early phases of the design process, workflows, simulation results and processing times were analyzed, focusing on the prediction of static (illuminance level) and dynamic (sDA300,50%) metrics. Simulations on both tools were performed in the context of analyzing the daylight behavior in a deep office room model, with and without light shelves. Results indicate that Insight has limitations compared to DIVA, especially concerning input data configuration flexibility. Simulation results presented significant similarity …

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Lighting Simulation For External Venetian Blinds Based On Btdf And Hdr Sky Luminance Monitoring, Yujie Wu, Je´RˆOme Henri Ka¨Mpf, Jean-Louis Scartezzini Sep 2018

Lighting Simulation For External Venetian Blinds Based On Btdf And Hdr Sky Luminance Monitoring, Yujie Wu, Je´RˆOme Henri Ka¨Mpf, Jean-Louis Scartezzini

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The precise daylighting simulation in buildings can potentially contribute to designers’ and occupants’ smart utilization of it. The traditional method of employing sky models was indicated with noticeable errors in transient lighting simulation for complex fenestration systems (CFS), due to the mismatch between the real sky and standard sky models. This paper evaluates the performance of a calibrated embedded photometric device based on sky luminance monitoring, capable of real-time on-board lighting computing. Daylighting experiments for external Venetian blinds (EVB) were conducted in a lighting test module to demonstrate its accuracy in the simulation of horizontal work-plane illuminance. The BTDF of …

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The Impact Of Physical Environments In Satisfaction In Shopping Centers, Rui Dang, Lai Wei, Ye Yuan, Gang Liu Sep 2018

The Impact Of Physical Environments In Satisfaction In Shopping Centers, Rui Dang, Lai Wei, Ye Yuan, Gang Liu

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Lighting, thermal and acoustic are three main components of indoor physical environments affecting people’s satisfaction, productivity and health. Good physical environments in shopping centers not only improve the environment atmosphere but also increase the customers’ satisfaction. This study aims to find correlations between the physical environments and the satisfaction levels. Firstly, an objective measurement of physical environments had been carried out in four shopping centers. Then, a subjective evaluation was carried out in a real scene laboratory by changing four kinds of illuminance and three types of Correlated Color Temperatures (CCTs), which aims to find the relationship between the lighting …

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Existing Energy Performance And The Potential Of Simulation In School Buildings – A Review, Ming Hu Sep 2018

Existing Energy Performance And The Potential Of Simulation In School Buildings – A Review, Ming Hu

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The objective of this paper is to present finding of existing building performance assessment for educational buildings and related energy simulation tools with a focus on K-12 buildings. First, the paper examines the current status of energy performance in educational buildings and existing simulation tools used in building energy retrofit. Then, the paper summarizes the obstacles to conducting energy simulation for school buildings, gaps and weaknesses in existing tools will be summarized, and potential opportunities for a comprehensive tool will be outlined. Last, the paper identifies the particular needs of educational buildings, and a set of criteria and requirements for …

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Multi-Stage Optimal Design Of Energy Systems For Urban Districts, Georgios Mavromatidis, Kristina Orehounig, Jan Carmeliet Sep 2018

Multi-Stage Optimal Design Of Energy Systems For Urban Districts, Georgios Mavromatidis, Kristina Orehounig, Jan Carmeliet

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Urban districts develop in a dynamic manner over multi-year horizons with new buildings being added and changes being made to existing buildings (e.g. retrofits). Nevertheless, optimization models used to design urban district energy systems (DES) commonly consider a single, “typical” year for the design. This practice, however, does not allow for energy design decisions to be made in multiple phases in order to reflect a district’s development phases. This paper addresses this issue and presents a novel optimization model that allows the multi-stage optimal design of urban DES. The model identifies the cost-optimal technology investment decisions across a horizon that …

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Optimization Of Electric Vehicle Charging In A Fully (Nearly) Electric Campus Energy System, Jacques A. De Chalendar, Jason H. Frost, Sally M. Benson Sep 2018

Optimization Of Electric Vehicle Charging In A Fully (Nearly) Electric Campus Energy System, Jacques A. De Chalendar, Jason H. Frost, Sally M. Benson

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The goal of this work is to build a set of computational tools to aid decision making for the modelling and operations of integrated urban energy systems that actively interact with the power grid of the future. District heating and cooling networks incorporating heat recovery and large-scale thermal storage, such as the Stanford campus system, dramatically reduce energy waste and greenhouse gas emissions. They have historically played a small, but important role at a local level. Here we explore the potential for other co-benefits, including the provision of load following services to the electrical grid, carbon emissions reductions or demand …

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