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Articles 61 - 90 of 119
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Aortic Valve Disease In Turner Syndrome, Vandana Sachdev, Lea Ann Matura, Stanislav Sidenko, Vincent B. Ho, Andrew E. Arai, Douglas R. Rosing, Carolyn A. Bondy
Aortic Valve Disease In Turner Syndrome, Vandana Sachdev, Lea Ann Matura, Stanislav Sidenko, Vincent B. Ho, Andrew E. Arai, Douglas R. Rosing, Carolyn A. Bondy
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Objective: Our goal was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of aortic valve disease in girls and women with monosomy for the X chromosome, or Turner syndrome (TS).
Background: Complications from congenital aortic valve disease are a major source of premature mortality in TS, but accurate data on the prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities and their association with aortic root dilation are not available.
Methods: This prospective study characterized the aortic valve and proximal aorta in 253 individuals with TS age 7 to 67 years using transthoracic echocardiography as our primary screening tool, supplemented with magnetic resonance imaging.
Results: Transthoracic …
Revisiting The Organohalogens Associated With 1979-Samples Of Brazilian Bees, Walter Vetter, Donald Roberts
Revisiting The Organohalogens Associated With 1979-Samples Of Brazilian Bees, Walter Vetter, Donald Roberts
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Brazilian bees of the species Eufriesea purpurata are known to tolerate very high concentrations of DDT. As reported in the literature, these bees have suffered no harm from as much as 2 mg/bee, which is in the per-cent range of the body weight. In 1979, individuals of E. purpurata were captured as they collected DDT from walls of remote, rural houses in Brazil. Reported herein are quantities and identities of DDT, DDT metabolites, and other organohalogen compounds in four samples of bees stored since 1979. The concentrations of DDT (sum of p,p′-DDT, -DDE, and -DDD) ranged from …
Estimating Health Utilities And Quality Adjusted Life Years In Seasonal Affective Disorder Research, Michael C. Freed, Kelly J. Rohan, Brian T. Yates
Estimating Health Utilities And Quality Adjusted Life Years In Seasonal Affective Disorder Research, Michael C. Freed, Kelly J. Rohan, Brian T. Yates
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Background: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) episodes will recur annually without effective intervention. Effectiveness of such interventions is traditionally measured with depression-specific tools (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition; BDI-II). In a climate of potentially scarce resources, generic outcomes, such as Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), are recommended for cost-effectiveness research. For treatments to be deemed cost-effective, they must show effectiveness relative to each other and relative to interventions across other disorders. To date, QALYs have not been used to determine effectiveness of SAD treatments. Given the recurrent nature of SAD, QALYs, which weight quality of life with time, are an …
Eating Disorder Pathology Among Overweight Treatment-Seeking Youth: Clinical Correlates And Cross-Sectional Risk Modeling, Kamryn T. Eddy, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Heather Thompson-Brenner, David B. Herzog, Timothy A. Brown, David S. Ludwig
Eating Disorder Pathology Among Overweight Treatment-Seeking Youth: Clinical Correlates And Cross-Sectional Risk Modeling, Kamryn T. Eddy, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Heather Thompson-Brenner, David B. Herzog, Timothy A. Brown, David S. Ludwig
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Preliminary research suggests that pediatric overweight is associated with increased eating disorder pathology, however, little is known about which overweight youth are most vulnerable to eating disorder pathology. We therefore investigated 122 overweight treatment-seeking youth to describe eating disorder pathology and mental health correlates, and to identify psychopathological constructs that may place overweight youth at increased risk for eating disorder pathology. Youth participated in a comprehensive assessment of eating disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, general psychopathology, and risk variables involving semi-structured clinical interviews and self- and parent-report questionnaires prior to the initiation of weight-loss treatment. Ten youth met criteria for …
Issues Associated With Secondary Analysis Of Population Health Data, Sandra C. Garmon Bibb
Issues Associated With Secondary Analysis Of Population Health Data, Sandra C. Garmon Bibb
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Analysis of population health data is crucial for the success of population health. Secondary analysis of data contained in publicly available clinical, administrative, and national health survey databases is a cost-effective and scientific method for generating data to support population health. There are several issues associated with secondary analysis of population health data that must be addressed if analyses are to be expedient, economical, and reliable. This article outlines the value of using secondary analysis to generate population health data, discusses issues associated with secondary analysis of population health data, and offers suggestions for addressing these issues.
N-Acetylaspartate In The Cns: From Neurodiagnostics To Neurobiology, John R. Moffett, Brian Ross, Peethambaran Arun, Chikkathur N. Madhavarao, Aryan M. A. Namboodiri
N-Acetylaspartate In The Cns: From Neurodiagnostics To Neurobiology, John R. Moffett, Brian Ross, Peethambaran Arun, Chikkathur N. Madhavarao, Aryan M. A. Namboodiri
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The brain is unique among organs in many respects, including its mechanisms of lipid synthesis and energy production. The nervous systemspecific metabolite N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which is synthesized from aspartate and acetyl-coenzyme A in neurons, appears to be a key link in these distinct biochemical features of CNS metabolism. During early postnatal central nervous system (CNS) development, the expression of lipogenic enzymes in oligodendrocytes, including the NAA-degrading enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA), is increased along with increased NAA production in neurons. NAA is transported from neurons to the cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes, where ASPA cleaves the acetate moiety for use in fatty acid …
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (Epr) In Medical Dosimetry, David A. Schauer, Akinori Iwasaki, Alexander A. Romanyukha, Harold M. Swartz, Sandro Onori
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (Epr) In Medical Dosimetry, David A. Schauer, Akinori Iwasaki, Alexander A. Romanyukha, Harold M. Swartz, Sandro Onori
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
This paper describes the fundamentals of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and its application to retrospective measurements of clinically significant doses of ionizing radiation. X-band is the most widely used in EPR dosimetry because it represents a good compromise between sensitivity, sample size and water content in the sample. Higher frequency bands (e.g., W and Q) provide higher sensitivity, but they are also greatly influenced by water content. L and S bands can be used for EPR measurements in samples with high water content but they are less sensitive than X-band. Quality control for therapeutic radiation facilities using X-band EPR spectrometry …
Biodosepr-2006 Consensus Committee Report On Biodosimetric Methods To Evaluate Radiation Doses At Long Times After Exposure, Steven L. Simon, Ian Bailiff, André Bouville, Paola Fattibene, Ruth A. Kleinerman, David C. Lloyd, Stephen W.S. Mckeever, Alexander Romanyukha, Alexander V. Sevan’Kaev, James D. Tucker, Albrecht Wieser
Biodosepr-2006 Consensus Committee Report On Biodosimetric Methods To Evaluate Radiation Doses At Long Times After Exposure, Steven L. Simon, Ian Bailiff, André Bouville, Paola Fattibene, Ruth A. Kleinerman, David C. Lloyd, Stephen W.S. Mckeever, Alexander Romanyukha, Alexander V. Sevan’Kaev, James D. Tucker, Albrecht Wieser
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The requirements for biodosimetric techniques used at long times after exposure, i.e., 6 months to more than 50 years, are unique compared to the requirements for methods used for immediate dose estimation. In addition to the fundamental requirement that the assay measures a physical or biologic change that is proportional to the energy absorbed, the signal must be highly stable over time to enable reasonably precise determinations of the absorbed dose decades later. The primary uses of these biodosimetric methods have been to support long-term health risk (epidemiologic) studies or to support compensation (damage) claims. For these reasons, the methods …
Expression Of A Novel Marine Viral Single-Chain Serine Palmitoyltransferase And Construction Of Yeast And Mammalian Single-Chain Chimera, Gongshe Han, Kennerth Gable, Lianying Yan, Michael J. Allen, William H. Wilson, Prasun Moitra, Jeffrey M. Harmon, Teresa M. Dunn
Expression Of A Novel Marine Viral Single-Chain Serine Palmitoyltransferase And Construction Of Yeast And Mammalian Single-Chain Chimera, Gongshe Han, Kennerth Gable, Lianying Yan, Michael J. Allen, William H. Wilson, Prasun Moitra, Jeffrey M. Harmon, Teresa M. Dunn
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The genus Coccolithovirus is a recently discovered group of viruses that infect the globally important marine calcifying microalga Emiliania huxleyi. Surprisingly, the viral genome contains a cluster of putative sphingolipid biosynthetic genes not found in other viral genus. To address the role of these genes in viral pathogenesis, the ehv050 gene predicted to encode a serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis, was expressed and characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that the encoded protein is indeed a fully functional, endoplasmic reticulum-localized, single-chain SPT. In eukaryotes SPT is a heterodimer comprised of long chain …
Members Of The Arabidopsis Fae1-Like 3-Ketoacyl-Coa Synthase Gene Family Substitute For The Elop Proteins Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Shilpi Paul, Kenneth Gable, Frédéric Beaudoin, Edgar Cahoon, Jan Jaworski, Johnathan A. Napier, Teresa M. Dunn
Members Of The Arabidopsis Fae1-Like 3-Ketoacyl-Coa Synthase Gene Family Substitute For The Elop Proteins Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Shilpi Paul, Kenneth Gable, Frédéric Beaudoin, Edgar Cahoon, Jan Jaworski, Johnathan A. Napier, Teresa M. Dunn
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Several 3-keto-synthases have been studied, including the soluble fatty acid synthases, those involved in polyketide synthesis, and the FAE1-like 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases. All of these condensing enzymes have a common ancestor and an enzymatic mechanism that involves a catalytic triad consisting of Cys, His, and His/Asn. In contrast to the FAE1-like family of enzymes that mediate plant microsomal fatty acid elongation, the condensation step of elongation in animals and in fungi appears to be mediated by the Elop homologs. Curiously these proteins bear no resemblance to the well characterized 3-keto-synthases. There are three ELO genes in yeast that encode the homologous …
Shiga Toxin Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Type O157:H7 Promotes Intestinal Colonization, Cory M. Robinson, James F. Sinclair, Michael J. Smith, Alison D. O'Brien
Shiga Toxin Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Type O157:H7 Promotes Intestinal Colonization, Cory M. Robinson, James F. Sinclair, Michael J. Smith, Alison D. O'Brien
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 0157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhea and, occasionally, acute renal failure as a consequence of Shiga toxin (Stx) production by the organism. Stxs are potent cytotoxins that are lethal to animals at low doses. Thus, Stxs not only harm the host but, as reported here, also significantly enhance the capacity of EHEC O157:H7 to adhere to epithelial cells and to colonize the intestines of mice. Tissue culture experiments showed that this toxin-mediated increase in bacterial adherence correlated with an Stx-evoked increase in a eukaryotic receptor for the EHEC O157:H7 attachment factor intimin.
Yellow Fever Vaccine: An Updated Assessment Of Advanced Age As A Risk Factor For Serious Adverse Events, Alena Y. Khromava, Rachel Barwick Eidex, Leisa H. Weld, Katrin S. Kohl, Robert D. Bradshaw, Robert T. Chen, Martin S. Cetron
Yellow Fever Vaccine: An Updated Assessment Of Advanced Age As A Risk Factor For Serious Adverse Events, Alena Y. Khromava, Rachel Barwick Eidex, Leisa H. Weld, Katrin S. Kohl, Robert D. Bradshaw, Robert T. Chen, Martin S. Cetron
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Since 1996, the scientific community has become aware of 14 reports of yellow fever vaccine (YEL)-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) cases and four reports of YEL-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) worldwide, changing our understanding of the risks of the vaccine. Based on 722 adverse event reports after YEL submitted to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System in 1990–2002, we updated the estimates of the age-adjusted reporting rates of serious adverse events, YEL-AVD and YEL-AND.We found that the reporting rates of serious adverse events were significantly higher among vaccinees aged ≥60 years than among those 19–29 years of age (reporting rate ratio …
Factor Structure And Construct Validity Of The Anxiety Sensitivity Index Among Island Puerto Ricans, Jennifer A. Cintrón, Michele M. Carter, Sonia Suchday, Tracy Sbrocco, James Gray
Factor Structure And Construct Validity Of The Anxiety Sensitivity Index Among Island Puerto Ricans, Jennifer A. Cintrón, Michele M. Carter, Sonia Suchday, Tracy Sbrocco, James Gray
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) were examined among a sample of 275 island Puerto Ricans. Results from a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) comparing our data to factor solutions commonly reported as representative of European American and Spanish populations indicated a poor fit. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that a two-factor solution (Factor 1, Anxiety Sensitivity; Factor 2, Emotional Concerns) provided the best fit. Correlations between the ASI and anxiety measures were moderately high providing evidence of convergent validity, while correlations between the ASI and BDI were significantly lower providing …
Targeting Of Tsc13p To Nucleus–Vacuole Junctions: A Role For Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids In The Biogenesis Of Microautophagic Vesicles, Erik Kvam, Kenneth Gable, Teresa M. Dunn, David S. Goldfarb
Targeting Of Tsc13p To Nucleus–Vacuole Junctions: A Role For Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids In The Biogenesis Of Microautophagic Vesicles, Erik Kvam, Kenneth Gable, Teresa M. Dunn, David S. Goldfarb
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
TSC13 is required for the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in yeast. Tsc13p is a polytopic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that accumulates at nucleus–vacuole (NV) junctions, which are formed through Velcro-like interactions between Nvj1p in the perinuclear ER and Vac8p on the vacuole membrane. NV junctions mediate piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PMN), during which bleb-like portions of the nucleus are extruded into invaginations of the vacuole membrane and degraded in the vacuole lumen. We report that Tsc13p is sequestered into NV junctions from the peripheral ER through Vac8p-independent interactions with Nvj1p. During nutrient limitation, Tsc13p is incorporated …
Structure Of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) From Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Marie E. Fraser, Masao Fujinaga, Maia M. Cherney, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Edda M. Twiddy, Alison D. O'Brien, Michael N. G. James
Structure Of Shiga Toxin Type 2 (Stx2) From Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Marie E. Fraser, Masao Fujinaga, Maia M. Cherney, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Edda M. Twiddy, Alison D. O'Brien, Michael N. G. James
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Several serotypes of Escherichia coli produce protein toxins closely related to Shiga toxin (Stx) from Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. These Stx-producing E. coli cause outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, with the latter being more likely if the E. coli produce Stx2 than if they only produce Stx1. To investigate the differences among the Stxs, which are all AB5 toxins, the crystal structure of Stx2 from E. coli O157:H7 was determined at 1.8-Å resolution and compared with the known structure of Stx. Our major finding was that, in contrast to Stx, the active site of …
Using Lc-Ms With De Novo Software To Fully Characterize The Multiple Methylations Of Lysine Residues In A Recombinant Fragment Of An Outer Membrane Protein From A Virulent Strain Of Rickettsia Prowazekii, Chien-Chung Chao, Shiaw-Lin Wu, Wei-Mei Ching
Using Lc-Ms With De Novo Software To Fully Characterize The Multiple Methylations Of Lysine Residues In A Recombinant Fragment Of An Outer Membrane Protein From A Virulent Strain Of Rickettsia Prowazekii, Chien-Chung Chao, Shiaw-Lin Wu, Wei-Mei Ching
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The outer membrane protein B (OmpB) of the typhus group rickettsiae is an immunodominant antigen and has been shown to provide protection against typhus in animal models. Consequently, OmpB is currently being considered as a potential rickettsiae vaccine candidate to be used in humans. The OmpB from virulent strains are heavily methylated while the attenuated strains are hypomethylated. Western blot analysis of partially digested OmpB revealed that one of the reactive fragments was located at the N-terminus (fragment A, aa 33–272). Recently, we have over expressed, purified, and chemically methylated the recombinant fragment A from Rickettsia prowazekii (Ap). The methylated …
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Light Therapy, And Their Combination In Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder, Kelly J. Rohan, Kathryn Tierney Lindsey, Katheryn A. Roecklein, Timothy J. Lacy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Light Therapy, And Their Combination In Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder, Kelly J. Rohan, Kathryn Tierney Lindsey, Katheryn A. Roecklein, Timothy J. Lacy
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Background: The need to develop supplementary or alternative treatments for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is underscored by the significant minority (47%) of SAD patients that is refractory to light therapy, the persistence of residual symptoms despite light treatment, and poor long-term compliance with light use. Because preliminary studies suggest that cognitive and behavioral factors are involved in SAD, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) warrants investigation as a possible treatment option. Methods: We piloted a 6-week randomized clinical trial to compare a standard light therapy protocol; a novel, SAD-tailored, group CBT intervention; and their combination in ameliorating and remitting a current SAD episode …
Functional Characterization Of The Arabidopsis Thaliana Orthologue Of Tsc13p, The Enoyl Reductase Of The Yeast Microsomal Fatty Acid Elongating System, Kenneth Gable, Sarah Garton, Johnathan A. Napier, Teresa M. Dunn
Functional Characterization Of The Arabidopsis Thaliana Orthologue Of Tsc13p, The Enoyl Reductase Of The Yeast Microsomal Fatty Acid Elongating System, Kenneth Gable, Sarah Garton, Johnathan A. Napier, Teresa M. Dunn
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis At3g55360 gene was selected as a candidate for the enoyl reductase of the microsomal elongase system based on its homology to the Tsc13p protein of S. cerevisiae. The studies presented here demonstrate that heterologous expression of At3g55360 functionally complements the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a yeast tsc13 mutant that is deficient in enoyl reductase activity. Furthermore, AtTSC13 is shown to interact physically with the Elo2p and Elo3p components of the yeast elongase complex. At3g55360 apparently encodes the sole enoyl reductase activity associated with microsomal fatty acid elongation in Arabidopsis. Consistent with this conclusion, …
Yeast Genome-Wide Drug-Induced Haploinsufficiency Screen To Determine Drug Mode Of Action, Kristin Baetz, Lianne Mchardy, Ken Gable, Tamsin Tarling, Delphine Rebérioux, Jenny Bryan, Raymond J. Andersen, Teresa Dunn, Phil Hieter, Michel Roberge
Yeast Genome-Wide Drug-Induced Haploinsufficiency Screen To Determine Drug Mode Of Action, Kristin Baetz, Lianne Mchardy, Ken Gable, Tamsin Tarling, Delphine Rebérioux, Jenny Bryan, Raymond J. Andersen, Teresa Dunn, Phil Hieter, Michel Roberge
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Published in PNAS (2004) 101(13): pp. 4525-4530; doi:10.1073/pnas.0307122101
Plant Cell-Based Intimin Vaccine Given Orally To Mice Primed With Intimin Reduces Time Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Shedding In Feces, Nicole A. Judge, Hugh S. Mason, Alison D. O'Brien
Plant Cell-Based Intimin Vaccine Given Orally To Mice Primed With Intimin Reduces Time Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Shedding In Feces, Nicole A. Judge, Hugh S. Mason, Alison D. O'Brien
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Intimin is the primary adhesin of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the most common infectious cause of bloody diarrhea in the United States and the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle are the primary reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. Indeed, most cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection in the United States occur after ingestion of contaminated undercooked hamburger or produce that had contact with bovine manure. Because intimin is required for persistent colonization of neonatal calves and adult cattle, we hypothesized that an intimin-based vaccination strategy in calves would reduce colonization of cattle with …
Mutations In Hns Reduce The Adherence Of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli 091:H21 Strain B2f1 To Human Colonic Epithelial Cells And Increase The Production Of Hemolysin, Maria E. Scott, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien
Mutations In Hns Reduce The Adherence Of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli 091:H21 Strain B2f1 To Human Colonic Epithelial Cells And Increase The Production Of Hemolysin, Maria E. Scott, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 091:H21 strain B2F1, an isolate from a patient with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), produces elastase-activatable Shiga toxin (Stx) type 2d and adheres well to human colonic epithelial T84 cells. This adherence phenotype occurs even though B2F1 does not contain the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) that encodes the primary adhesin for E. coli O157:H7. To attempt to identify genes involved in binding of B2F1 to T84 cells a bank of mini-Tn5phoACmr transposon mutants of this strain was generated. Several of these mutants exhibited a reduced adherence phenotype, but none of the insertions …
Effects Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment On Physical Health Status In Patients With Panic Disorder, Norman B. Schmidt, Beth T. Mccreary, John J. Trakowski, Helen T. Santiago, Kelly Woolaway-Bickel, Nicholas Ialongo
Effects Of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment On Physical Health Status In Patients With Panic Disorder, Norman B. Schmidt, Beth T. Mccreary, John J. Trakowski, Helen T. Santiago, Kelly Woolaway-Bickel, Nicholas Ialongo
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The relationship between panic disorder and nonpsychiatric medical illness is complex, but some evidence suggests that panic disorder increases risk for a variety of nonpsychiatric medical conditions. Given the demonstrated efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder, we were interested in evaluating the effects of CBT for panic disorder on nonpsychiatric medical symptoms among these patients. Patients were randomized to a 12-week group-administered CBT protocol (n = 22) or a delayedtreatment conlrol (n = 24). Treated patients showed marked improvement in both anxiety symptoms and physical health symptom ratings that were evident at midtreatment and were …
Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli In Montana: Bacterial Genotypes And Clinical Profiles, Jill K. Jelacic, Todd Damrow, Gilbert S. Chen, Srdjan Jelacic, Martina Bielaszewska, Marcia Ciol, Humberto M. Carvalho, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien, Phillip I. Tarr
Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli In Montana: Bacterial Genotypes And Clinical Profiles, Jill K. Jelacic, Todd Damrow, Gilbert S. Chen, Srdjan Jelacic, Martina Bielaszewska, Marcia Ciol, Humberto M. Carvalho, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien, Phillip I. Tarr
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The diseases and virulence genes associated with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are characterized incompletely. We analyzed, by polymerase chain reaction, 82 STEC isolates collected prospectively in Montana and profiled associated illnesses by patient chart review. All E. coli O157:H7 contained stx2-group genes, as well as eae, iha, espA, and ehxA; 84% contained stx1. Non-O157:H7 STEC less frequently contained stx1( P = .046 ), stx2 (P < .001), iha (P < .001), eae, and espA (P = .039 for both), were isolated less often from patients treated in emergency departments (P = .022), and …
Derivation Of Risk Based Wipe Surface Screening Levels For Industrial Scenarios, Lisa M. May, Bonnie Gaborek, Tony Pitrat, Laura Peters
Derivation Of Risk Based Wipe Surface Screening Levels For Industrial Scenarios, Lisa M. May, Bonnie Gaborek, Tony Pitrat, Laura Peters
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The environmental characterization of building interiors and other surfaces has generally been performed with wipe-sampling because it is a non-destructive technique. There is no consensus, however, as to the interpretation of the results of wipe-sampling. Specifically, there is not a standardized method to determine if chemicals found at sampled levels pose a threat to human health. A methodology was developed, based on acceptable health risk levels, to derive screening levels for evaluating wipe-sampling results pertaining to industrial scenarios. The methodology was based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region IX Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) approach; a multi-exposure methodology …
The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ybr159w Gene Encodes The 3-Ketoreductase Of The Microsomal Fatty Acid Elongase, Gongshe Han, Ken Gable, Sepp D. Kohlwein, Frédéric Beaudoin, Johnathan A. Napier, Teresa M. Dunn
The Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ybr159w Gene Encodes The 3-Ketoreductase Of The Microsomal Fatty Acid Elongase, Gongshe Han, Ken Gable, Sepp D. Kohlwein, Frédéric Beaudoin, Johnathan A. Napier, Teresa M. Dunn
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
The YBR159w gene encodes the major 3-ketoreductase activity of the elongase system of enzymes required for very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis. Mutants lacking the YBR159w gene display many of the phenotypes that have previously been described for mutants with defects in fatty acid elongation. These phenotypes include reduced VLCFA synthesis, accumulation of high levels of dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, and accumulation of medium-chain ceramides. In vitro elongation assays confirm that the ybr159Δ mutant is deficient in the reduction of the 3-ketoacyl intermediates of fatty acid elongation. The ybr159Δ mutant also displays reduced dehydration of the 3-OH acyl intermediates of fatty …
Cell Surface-Localized Nucleolin Is A Eukaryotic Receptor For The Adhesin Intimin-Γ Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7, James F. Sinclair, Alison D. O'Brien
Cell Surface-Localized Nucleolin Is A Eukaryotic Receptor For The Adhesin Intimin-Γ Of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7, James F. Sinclair, Alison D. O'Brien
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Intimin-γ is an outer membrane protein of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that is required for the organism to adhere tightly to HEp-2 cells and to colonize experimental animals. Another EHEC O157:H7 protein, the Transferred intimin receptor (Tir), is considered the primary receptor for intimin-γ. Nevertheless, Tir-independent binding of intimin-γ to HEp-2 cells has been reported. This observation suggests the existence of a eukaryotic receptor(s) for intimin-γ. In this study, we sought to identify that receptor(s). First, we determined by equilibrium binding titration that the association of purified intimin-γ with HEp-2 cells was specific and consistent …
A New Class Of Lipid Desaturase Central To Sphingolipid Biosynthesis And Signalling, Johnathan A. Napier, Louise V. Michaelson, Teresa M. Dunn
A New Class Of Lipid Desaturase Central To Sphingolipid Biosynthesis And Signalling, Johnathan A. Napier, Louise V. Michaelson, Teresa M. Dunn
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Sphingolipids and their phosphorylated metabolites play crucial roles in intracellular signaling in animals, and evidence is emerging for analogous situations in fungi and plants. Central to this signaling pathway is the phosphorylation of the sphingoid long chain base, sphingosine, which yields sphingosine-1-phosphate. Until recently, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of sphingosine was unknown, but the Δ4-long chain base desaturase that carries out this reaction has now been identified. Orthologues are present in animals, plants and fungi, raising the possibility of using reverse genetics to determine the contribution of sphingosine-1-phosphate to signaling networks.
A Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Gene Required For Heterologous Fatty Acid Elongase Activity Encodes A Microsomal Β-Keto-Reductase, Frédéric Beaudoin, Ken Gable, Olga Sayanova, Teresa Dunn, Johnathan A. Napier
A Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Gene Required For Heterologous Fatty Acid Elongase Activity Encodes A Microsomal Β-Keto-Reductase, Frédéric Beaudoin, Ken Gable, Olga Sayanova, Teresa Dunn, Johnathan A. Napier
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
A number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae membranebound oxidoreductases were examined for potential roles in microsomal fatty acid elongation, by assaying heterologous elongating activities in individual deletion mutants. One yeast gene, YBR159w, was identified as being required for activity of both the Caenorhabditis elegans elongase PEA1 (F56H11.4) and the Arabidopsis thaliana elongase FAE1. Ybr159p shows some limited homology to human steroid dehydrogenases and is a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily. Disruption of YBR159w is not lethal, in contrast to previous reports, although the mutants are slow growing and display high temperature sensitivity. Both …
Mutations In The Yeast Lcb1 And Lcb2 Genes, Including Those Corresponding To The Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I Mutations, Dominantly Inactivate Serine Palmitoyltransferase, Ken Gable, Gongshe Han, Erin Monaghan, Dagmar Bacikova, Mukil Natarajan, Robert W. Williams, Teresa M. Dunn
Mutations In The Yeast Lcb1 And Lcb2 Genes, Including Those Corresponding To The Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type I Mutations, Dominantly Inactivate Serine Palmitoyltransferase, Ken Gable, Gongshe Han, Erin Monaghan, Dagmar Bacikova, Mukil Natarajan, Robert W. Williams, Teresa M. Dunn
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
It was recently demonstrated that mutations in the human SPTLC1 gene, encoding the Lcb1p subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type I (1, 2). As a member of the subfamily of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes known as the α-oxoamine synthases, serine palmitoyltransferase catalyzes the committed step of sphingolipid synthesis. The residues that are mutated to cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type I reside in a highly conserved region of Lcb1p that is predicted to be a catalytic domain of Lcb1p on the basis of alignments with other members of the α-oxoamine synthase family. We found that the corresponding mutations …
Public Beliefs About The Preventability Of Unintentional Injury Deaths, Deborah C. Girasek
Public Beliefs About The Preventability Of Unintentional Injury Deaths, Deborah C. Girasek
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
This report is based upon the results of a national random digit dialed telephone survey in which 943 adults were queried. Subjects reported the proportion of deaths due to motor vehicle crashes, falls, fires/burns, drowning and poisoning that they felt were preventable. On average, respondents believed that 56% of ‘fatal accidents’ were preventable; as were 62% of motor vehicle crash deaths, 53% of fall deaths, 67% of drownings, 62% of fire/burn fatalities and 70% of accidental poisonings. Logistic regression models predicting preventability beliefs differed according to the type of injury event in question, but socio-economic status and perceived alcohol involvement …