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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Predicting, Preparing For, And Creating The Future: What Will Happen To Internal Medicine?, Paul A. Hemmer, Sheila T. Costa, Deborah M. Demarco, Stuart L. Linas, Don C. Glazier, Barbara L. Schuster
Predicting, Preparing For, And Creating The Future: What Will Happen To Internal Medicine?, Paul A. Hemmer, Sheila T. Costa, Deborah M. Demarco, Stuart L. Linas, Don C. Glazier, Barbara L. Schuster
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
It is the year 2025. During the past 20 years, internal medicine as a discipline continued to become less prestigious, less respected, and more fragmented. As fewer medical students chose internal medicine as a career, residency programs began to close. Those that remained open filled with fewer graduates of US medical schools but filled with more US citizens who graduated from international medical schools, more graduates of osteopathic medical schools, and more foreign graduates of international medical schools. Due to lack of adequate remuneration and a shift of primary care provision from generalist physicians to nurse practitioners and physician assistants, …
Psychometric Properties Of A New Questionnaire To Assess Eating In The Absence Of Hunger In Children And Adolescents, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Lisa M. Ranzenhofer, Susaz Z. Yanovski, Natasha A. Schvey, Myles Faith, Jennifer Gustafson, Jack A. Yanovski
Psychometric Properties Of A New Questionnaire To Assess Eating In The Absence Of Hunger In Children And Adolescents, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, Lisa M. Ranzenhofer, Susaz Z. Yanovski, Natasha A. Schvey, Myles Faith, Jennifer Gustafson, Jack A. Yanovski
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Background: Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), studied in the context of laboratory paradigms, has been associated with obesity and is predictive of excess weight gain in children. However, no easily administered questionnaire exists to assess for EAH in children.
Objective: We developed an Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire to be administered to children and adolescents (EAH-C) and examined psychometric properties of the measure.
Design: Two-hundred and twenty-six obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex, n = 73) and non-obese (BMI < 95th percentile, n = 153) youth (mean age ± S.D., 14.4 ± 2.5 y) completed the …
Evaluation And Management Of Peripheral Nerve Injury, William W. Campbell
Evaluation And Management Of Peripheral Nerve Injury, William W. Campbell
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Common etiologies of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI) include penetrating injury, crush, stretch, and ischemia. Management of TPNI requires familiarity with the relevant anatomy, pathology, pathophysiology, and the surgical principles, approaches and concerns. Surgical repair of TPNI is done at varying time intervals after the injury, and there are a number of considerations in deciding whether and when to operate. In neurapraxia, the compound muscle and nerve action potentials on stimulating distal to the lesion are maintained indefinitely; stimulation above the lesion reveals partial or complete conduction block. The picture in axonotmesis and neurotmesis depends on the time since …
Eye Malformations In Children With Heavy Alcohol Exposure In Utero, Elizabeth Y. Flanigan, Sora Aros, Maria Ferraz Bueno, Mary Conley, James F. Troendle, Fernando Cassorla, James L. Mills
Eye Malformations In Children With Heavy Alcohol Exposure In Utero, Elizabeth Y. Flanigan, Sora Aros, Maria Ferraz Bueno, Mary Conley, James F. Troendle, Fernando Cassorla, James L. Mills
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Objective: To determine whether children who do not develop fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) despite heavy alcohol exposure are at risk for eye abnormalities.
Study design: We screened 9628 pregnant women and identified 101 women who were drinking > 2 oz of absolute alcohol per day and 101 nondrinking control women. We followed 43 exposed and 55 control offspring between age 4 and 9 years, performing masked standardized ophthalomologic examinations.
Results: The groups did not differ in their rates of impaired visual acuity, refractory errors, ptosis, epicanthal folds, or short palpebral fissures. Biomicroscopy examination was normal in all exposed …
Duffy Antigen Receptor For Chemokines Mediates Trans-Infection Of Hiv-1 From Red Blood Cells To Target Cells And Affects Hiv-Aids Susceptibility, Weijing He, Stuart Neil, Hemant Kulkarni, Edward Wright, Brian K. Agan, Vincent C. Marconi, Matthew J. Dolan, Robin A. Weiss, Sunil K. Ahuja
Duffy Antigen Receptor For Chemokines Mediates Trans-Infection Of Hiv-1 From Red Blood Cells To Target Cells And Affects Hiv-Aids Susceptibility, Weijing He, Stuart Neil, Hemant Kulkarni, Edward Wright, Brian K. Agan, Vincent C. Marconi, Matthew J. Dolan, Robin A. Weiss, Sunil K. Ahuja
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) expressed on red blood cells (RBCs) influences plasma levels of HIV-1-suppressive and proinflammatory chemokines such as CCL5/RANTES. DARC is also the RBC receptor for Plasmodium vivax. Africans with DARC -46C/C genotype, which confers a DARC negative phenotype, are resistant to vivax malaria. Here, we show that HIV-1 attaches to RBCs via DARC, effecting trans-infection of target cells. In African Americans, DARC -46C/C is associated with 40% increase in the odds of acquiring HIV-1. If extrapolated to Africans, ~11% of the HIV-1 burden in Africa may be linked to this genotype. …
Association Between Alcohol Consumption And Both Osteoporotic Fracture And Bone Density, Karina M. Berg, Hillary V. Kunins, Jeffrey L. Jackson, Shadi Nahvi, Amina Chaudhry, Kenneth A. Harris Jr., Rubina Malik, Julia H. Arnsten
Association Between Alcohol Consumption And Both Osteoporotic Fracture And Bone Density, Karina M. Berg, Hillary V. Kunins, Jeffrey L. Jackson, Shadi Nahvi, Amina Chaudhry, Kenneth A. Harris Jr., Rubina Malik, Julia H. Arnsten
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
OBJECTIVE: Alcoholism is a risk factor for osteoporotic fractures and low bone density, but the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on bone are unknown. We performed a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and osteoporotic fractures, bone density and bone density loss over time, bone response to estrogen replacement, and bone remodeling.
METHODS: MEDLINE, Current Contents, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Libraries were searched for studies published before May 14, 2007. We assessed quality using the internal validity criteria of the US Preventive Services Task Force.
RESULTS: We pooled effect sizes for 2 specific outcomes (hip fracture …
Chlorothalonil Exposure And Cancer Incidence Among Pesticideapplicator Participants In The Agricultural Health Study, Alicia M. Mozzachio, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Jane A. Hoppin, Rajeev Mahajan, Rahulkumar Patel, Laura Beane-Freeman, Michael Cr Alavanja
Chlorothalonil Exposure And Cancer Incidence Among Pesticideapplicator Participants In The Agricultural Health Study, Alicia M. Mozzachio, Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Jane A. Hoppin, Rajeev Mahajan, Rahulkumar Patel, Laura Beane-Freeman, Michael Cr Alavanja
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Background: Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum, non-systemic fungicide widely used to control diseases affecting over 50 fruit, vegetable, and agricultural crops. Despite its extensive use for over 30 years, little is known about the potential human carcinogenicity associated with the routine application of chlorothalonil. Rodent studies have shown evidence of renal tubular carcinomas and adenomas. We explored cancer incidence with chlorothalonil exposure using data from the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina.
Methods: Licensed private and commercial pesticide applicators were recruited into this study from 1993 to 1997. Detailed information regarding …
Aortic Valve Disease In Turner Syndrome, Vandana Sachdev, Lea Ann Matura, Stanislav Sidenko, Vincent B. Ho, Andrew E. Arai, Douglas R. Rosing, Carolyn A. Bondy
Aortic Valve Disease In Turner Syndrome, Vandana Sachdev, Lea Ann Matura, Stanislav Sidenko, Vincent B. Ho, Andrew E. Arai, Douglas R. Rosing, Carolyn A. Bondy
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Objective: Our goal was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of aortic valve disease in girls and women with monosomy for the X chromosome, or Turner syndrome (TS).
Background: Complications from congenital aortic valve disease are a major source of premature mortality in TS, but accurate data on the prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities and their association with aortic root dilation are not available.
Methods: This prospective study characterized the aortic valve and proximal aorta in 253 individuals with TS age 7 to 67 years using transthoracic echocardiography as our primary screening tool, supplemented with magnetic resonance imaging.
Results: Transthoracic …