Marine Biology Commons^™

Seasonal Composition Of Zooplankton Of Lower Chesapeake Bay And Virginia Coastal Waters, Elizabeth W. Atkinson

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

Phytoplankton Distribution In Waters Off The Northeastern Coast Of The United States, Sharon H. Craft

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Abstract unavailable.

A Taxonomic Study Of The Marine Algae Of Netarts Bay, Oregon, Charles Jerome Kunert

Dissertations and Theses

Gathering taxonomic data is fundamental to any biological or ecological research. It was the intent of this paper to increase the storehouse of taxonomic information by studying the marine algae of one section of the Oregon coastline. Netarts Bay was chosen because of its accessibility and generally primitive nature. It is in an area of Oregon largely untouched by phycologists and so offered an opportunity for original research.

Techniques of collecting and preserving specimens were kept as simple as possible, thus allowing a proportionately greater amount of the available time to be spent in the classification of the organisms. The …

The Reproductive Cycle And Larval Tolerances Of Rangia Cuneata In The James River, Virginia, Thomas David Cain

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The autecology of the brackish water clam Rangia cuneata was investigated in the James River, Virginia, from February 1970 to January 1972. The reproductive cycle, combined salinity and temperature effects on embryos and larvae, and setting were studied. Histological slides were made, set collected, and temperature and salinity measurements taken from three populations living in different salinity regimes. Phases of gonad development are described. Gametogenesis started in April and from May through September clams were found in all gonadal phases. Ripe gonads were found from May to late November with no summer or inactive period. It was determined by the …

The Ecological Life History And Feeding Biology Of Batillaria Zonalis (Bruguière), Robert Bruce Whitlatch

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

In the present study, aspects of the ecological life history of Batillaria zonalis (Brugiere) has been investigated for a period of two years. Trends in population dynamics and aspects of its biology in two salt marsh localities are described. Results of studies of the feeding biology of the sympatric population of Batillaria and Cerithidea californica (an “ecological equivalent” of Batillaria (Macdonald, 1969) and their interaction with diatoms are reported with reference to food-resource partitioning. The results are discussed within the context of problems of testing hypotheses about diversity and stability in salt marsh communities. Although these basic theoretical questions cannot …

Variations In Some Serum Constituents Of The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Maurice P. Lynch

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Acute Toxicity Of Unbleached Kraft Mill Effluent (Ukme) To The Oppossum Shrimp, Neomysis Americana Smith, Fred Jacobs

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

96-hour TL50 values of unbleached kraft mill effluent (UKME) for Neornysis arnericana were found to range from concentrations of 3.29 to 6.85% at 26-28 C and 3.90 to 7.30% at 16-18 C. Differences between batches of effluent proved insignificant in experiments at each temperature regime. Furthermore, UKME did not lose its toxicity, when stored for 5 to 7 days at 4 C. A concentration of 20% effluent killed 100% of the organisms in 8 of the 12 bioassays. Slope functions and confidence limits of TL50 were calculated. This dissertation is from the Joint Program Degree from the College of William …

Postlarval Growth And Reproductive Biology Of The Xanthid Crab, Neopanopetexana Sayi, Richard Carlyle Swartz

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Distribution And Abundance Of Calanoid Copepods In The York River Estuary, Virginia, 1968 And 1969, Victor G. Burrell Jr.

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Calanoid copepods were sampled quantitatively at twelve stations in the York River estuary monthly over a two year period. Twenty-two different calanoid species were identified, with five species, Acartia tonsa, A. clausi, Eurytemora affinis, Pseudocalanus minutus and Pseudodiaptomus coronatus making up 95% of the numbers present. Several factors were investigated to determine their biological influence was the ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, a predator which reduced copepod numbers logarithmically at stations at which it occurred. Increased river flow was followed by large increases in copepod numbers and was the most important physical influence.

Distribution of all calanoid species appearing in the estuary …

Benthic Fish Associations On The Continental Slope Of The Middle Atlantic Bight, Douglas F. Markle

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Larvae And Young Of The Western North Atlantic Bothid Flatfishes, Etropusmicrostomus (Gill) And Citharichthys Arctifroms, Goode In The Chesapeake Bight, Sarah Butler Leonard

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Morphology And Ecology Of Chesapeake Bay Decapod Crustacean Larvae, Paul A. Sandifer

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

This dissertation is from the Joint Program Degree from the College of William & Mary and University of Virginia and awarded by the University of Virginia.

Provisional keys to the marine decapod crustacean zoeae of the Chesapeake Bay are presented. These keys provide distinguishing characters for the specific or generic identification of zoeae of 50 decapod species. Also, provisional classification schemes for the different morphological types of antennae and telsons exhibited by Chesapeake Bay brachyuran larvae are given, and the larval stages of each species or genus considered in the keys are briefly described.

The larval development of eight Chesapeake …

Iodine Metabolism In Sessile Stages Of Chesapeake Bay Semaeostome Jellyfish, Janet Evelyn Olmon

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Distribution, Growth, Selective Feeding, And Energy Transformations Of Young-Of-The-Year Blueback Herring, Alosa Aestivalis (Mitchill), In The James River, Virginia, Richard Greig Burbidge

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Energy transformations and budget are computers for young-of-the-year blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis, in the James River, Virginia. Distribution, growth, and selective feeding are described. Fish and zooplankton collections were made at five stations in the main channel of the James RIver from June through November 1969. Two 24hr series of samples were collected in July and October 1968 in the Potomac River. A direct relationship existed between standing cropos of zooplankton and distribution, growth, and feeding of blueback herring. Zooplankton densities were highest upstream, where food consumption and growth rates were correspondingly highest. A progressive downstream decrease and upstream increase …

Feasibility Of Artificial Propagation And Introduction Of Hybrids Of The Morone Complex Into Estuarine Environments, With A Meristic And Morphometric Description Of The Hybrids, Jerome Howard Kerby

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Laboratory and environmental studies of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) X white perch (M. americana) and striped bass X white bass (M. chrysops) were used to-determine the feasibility of introducing these hybrids into an estuary as a supplement to natural populations of the parental species. Growth patterns, survival, and general hardiness of the hybrids were used as criteria. Growth of striped bass X white perch hybrids in the laboratory was apparently somewhat less than growth of natural populations of striped bass, but was much greater than growth of natural populations of white perch. Hybrid growth was slower than striped bass growth …

Vertical Distribution Of Estuarine Phytoplankton In The Surface Microlayer And At One Meter, And Fluctuations In Abundance Caused By Surface Adsorption Of Monomolecular Films, Victoria R. Gibson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

A quantitative comparison of the phytoplankton in the surface microlayer of an estuary and that a depth of one meter was made using a Garrett-type screen and a Frautschy bottle for sample collection. Results showed that the surface microlayer contained a significantly greater number of phytoplankton cells than the water at one meter. Species diversity at the surface tended to be somewhat lower than one meter, due to a greater number of individuals of the dominant species. Investigation revealed that the presence of a monomolecular film of slick material absorbed onto the water surface resulted in a decrease in the …

Larval Development And Feeding Ecology Of Hermissenda Crassicornis (Eschscholtz) And Aeolidia Papillosa (Linnaeus), Leslie G. Williams

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Thompson (1967) defines three developmental types for Opisthobranchia with representative nudibranchs in each category. The types are: 1.) planktotrophic larvae which are obligatory plankton feeders prior to progressive metamorphosis, 2.) lecithotrophic larvae which may feed on the plankton, but do not need to do so in order to metamorphose, 3.) direct development which results in hatching of a post veliger, benthic juvenile.

Tardy (1970) feels that Thompson's Type 3 development is artificial. Thus, he incorporates direct development into the lecithotrophic developmental type. Tardy then proposes a classification of metamorphic types based on larval shell type (Thompson, 1961) and on larval …

Age, Growth, And Mortality Of The White Perch, Morone Americana (Gmelin), In The James And York Rivers, Virginia, Richard Alan St. Pierre

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

More than 750 white perch, Morone americana, were collected from each of two major tributaries of southern Chesapeake Bay to compare the age structures, growth rates, and mortality rates of the two populations.The James River is characterized by heavy domestic and industrial pollution, whereas the York River is only slightly polluted. Maximum ages determined by scale analysis were 7 and 10 years for males and females respectively in each river. Males and females from the James River were larger than those from the York up to ages IV and V, respectively. Older fish were larger in the York . Females …

Zoogeography And Host-Specificity Of The Superfamily Capsaloidea, Price, 1936 (Monogenea: Monopisthocotylea) An Evaluation Of The Host-Parasite Locality Records Of The Superfamily, Capsaloidea, Price, 1936, And Their Utility In Determinations Of Host-Specificity And Zoogeography, Adrian R. Lawler

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Thermal Shock And Chlorine On The Estuarine Copepod Acartia Tonsa, David Michael Dressel

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Acute bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of thermal shock and chlorine exposure on the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa. Laboratory conditions simulated power plant conditions using 8 C elevated temperatures and slug chlorination. A factorial design having temperatures at two levels and multiple chlorine additions, showed isolated effects of temperature and chlorine and their interaction. Adult Acartia tonsa withstood thermal shocks of 8 C above ambient summer temperatures of 20 to 25 C. No adverse effects were noted after 96 hours following an 8 ⃤ T over 5 seconds, holding at the elevated temperature for 5 minutes, and slowly …

Benthic Infauna Of Eelgrass, Zostera Marina, Beds, Robert Joseph Orth

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The infauna of Zostera beds in the Chesapeake Bay-York River estuary and Chincoteague Bay was sampled in March and July using a corer. Sediments were fine sand or very fine sand. Sorting of sediments varied from poorly sorted to moderately well-sorted and was related to the density of Zostera at the respective stations. A total of 17 macroinvertebrate taxa was collected. Species abundance decreased up the estuary and there was a significant interaction in the number of species between stations and seasons. Faunal similarity of the areas sampled, as measured by three indices, indicated that the infauna of most Zostera …

Distribution And Structure Of Benthic Communities In A Gradient Estuary, Donald F. Boesch

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Thermal Shock On Larvae Of The Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica (Gmelin), Robert J. Diaz

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Larvae of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) were subjected to thermal shocks of varying magnitude at different larval ages. The effects were assessed in terms of mortality, growth, and setting success. Growth of larvae acclimated at 25 C and 20% salinity was not affected by a thermal shock of 10 C or 15 C, but a 20 C thermal shock had detrimental effect on growth. Mortality of oyster larvae increased significantly following thermal chocks of 10, 15, and 20 C, and was higher for older than for younger larvae. Setting rates of the control and 10 C shocked larvae …

The Feeding Of Cornstarch To Clams And Mussels, Kathleen Rapier Harleston

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Three concentrations of cornstarch, 0 . 6 ppm, l.l ppm, 4.0 ppm, were fed to clams and mussels during the spring, summer, and fall of 1970 . Parameters measured were shell length, shell thickness, total weight, wet meat weight, and percentage glycogen based on wet meat weight. Starch had no effect on size parameters but did influence glycogen content of meats . Mussels showed an increase of glycogen in all three seasons . Clams showed an increase only in the fall. This dissertation is from the Joint Program Degree from the College of William & Mary and University of Virginia …

Erasure Of Sediment Surface Features By Mellita Quinquiesperforata (Leske), Walter Richard Boehmer

OES Theses and Dissertations

Erasure of sediment surface features by individuals of the species, Mellita guinguiesperforata, observed in this study suggests that all members of the sub-order, Scutellina, are able to erase sediment surface features. Sweep time, the time needed to erase the surface features of an area, depends on the population density, individual size, and speed of movement of the sand dollars. Assuming their pattern of movement as random, the following equation can be used to determine sand dollar sweep time,

T - 3.2 N^-0.76 (W / S) (A/ W² )^1.21

where T is sweep time, N is the …

A Seasonal Study Of Zostera Epibiota In The York River, Virginia, George Alexis Marsh Iii

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Survival And Activity Of The Oyster Drill, Urosalpinx Cinerea (Say), Under Conditions Of Fluctuating Salinity, Arthur Zachary

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Functional Morphology And Ecology Of Chone Mollis, Dale Brian Bonar

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Chone mollis occurs in large numbers in Tomales Bay and is an ecologically important infaunal member of the bay community. As with most marine communities, very little work has been done with individual species of the community. The present study of C. mollis is a contribution towards an understanding of the community as an ecological unit.

This study investigates the structure and function of the tube; tube-building habits; burrowing and locomotion; external anatomy; feeding; and internal anatomy of the muscular, skeletal, vascular, excretory, reproductive, and alimentary systems of C. mollis.

Reproductive Biology Of Thais Emarginata (Deshayes, 1839) And Thais Canaliculata (Dulcos, 1832), Roy Seamands Houston

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Thais emarginata (Deshayes, 1839) and Thais canaliculata (Dulcos, 1832), are two common Pacific coast gastropods (Family: Muricidae). T. emarginata is found in semi-protected rocky areas from Alaska to Baja California, while T. canaliaulata occurs in quiet bays from Alaska to Monterey Bay, California (Ricketts and Calvin, 1966). Both species occur on rocks and jetties where they can be seen feeding upon barnacles and young mussels. Despite the abundance of these species their reproductive biology has not been examined.

In the present study, the following aspects of the reproductive biology of T. emarginata and T. canalieulata are presented: Relationship of gonadal …

Pigments And Neurogenic Secretions Of Dermasterias Imbricata, Stephen Edward Davis

All Master's Theses

Identification of the compound from the asteroid Dermasterias imbricata that evokes the swimming response in the sea anemone Stomphia coccinea was attempted. Although the compound was not identified, it was postulated to be a low molecular weight highly polar molecule of possible carbohydrate origin.