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Articles 151 - 180 of 182
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Drought The Lipid Content In Fundulus Catenatus, Angelena Edwards
Effects Of Drought The Lipid Content In Fundulus Catenatus, Angelena Edwards
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
During severe drought, small streams often dry to small isolated pools with subsequent high densities of fishes. Under such conditions, fish may be stressed by high temperatures, low food availability, and lack of refugia from predators. I was interested in whether fish restricted to isolated pools burn more calories than they take in, resulting in a loss of storage lipids (high energy molecules) in their bodies. During the 2007 drought, I collected Fundulus catenatus (northern studfish) from small stream communities in the Drake’s Creek watershed in south central Kentucky. I examined storage lipid content by processing each fish through a …
Quantum Dot Immuno-Conjugates Allow For Reliable Photo-Stable Detection Of Intracellular Stages Of Toxoplasma Gondii, Natalia Barahona Guerrero
Quantum Dot Immuno-Conjugates Allow For Reliable Photo-Stable Detection Of Intracellular Stages Of Toxoplasma Gondii, Natalia Barahona Guerrero
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Luminescent quantum dot nanoparticles have emerged as a highly effective alternative to organic fluorescence probes in a variety of applications employing the use of immunoconjugates. In the present study, we have successfully used quantum dot technology for the immunofluorescent detection of intracellular stages of Toxoplasma gondii in a CV-1 mammalian cell line. This assay will allow us to investigate the question of whether selenium and other antioxidants have a direct impact on the intracellular cycle of the parasite. A Lab-Tek cell culture system was used to determine optimal concentrations of primary and secondary antibodies. Infected CV-1 monolayers were fixed in …
Isolation Of A 3-Methylindole-Producing Bacterium From A Swine Waste Lagoon, Michelle L. Fusting
Isolation Of A 3-Methylindole-Producing Bacterium From A Swine Waste Lagoon, Michelle L. Fusting
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
With an increase in animal production closer to populated areas, odorants from animal waste are a rapidly rising concern. 3-Methylindole (3-MI) is an odorant produced from the biodegradation of L-tryptophan by bacteria in animal waste. Currently, no 3-MI producing bacterium has been isolated from swine waste, and isolation of such an organism would provide insight into production and regulation of 3-MI. Therefore, an experiment was designed to isolate a 3-MI producer based on previous work which indicates the presence of Fe(III) increases 3-MI levels. An Enterococcus sp. was isolated from WKU's primary swine waste lagoon in rich, anaerobic medium plus …
The Impacts Of Global Warming On Appalachian Wildflower Phenologies, Rachel D. Wigginton
The Impacts Of Global Warming On Appalachian Wildflower Phenologies, Rachel D. Wigginton
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Public and private interest in global warming has prompted exploration of the impacts this phenomenon may impart on ecosystem functions. Flowering phenology has been one of the areas many scientists believe is particularly susceptible to the impacts of anthropogenic warming. Over three weekends in spring of 2008, the vernal herb community was surveyed at five sites within the Great Smoky Mountains regions of the southern Appalachian Mountains. The intent was to capture the naturally occurring elevational gradient and determine if the temperature cue for blooming was the same for all co-flowering species in the study. This information would allow for …
Where Do They Go When They Die?, Meridith L. Bartley
Where Do They Go When They Die?, Meridith L. Bartley
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Food webs and matrices are vital to understanding feeding relationships and ecology. Adjacency matrices can be employed to present the direct relationships between predators and prey; these binary matrices utilize 0’s to denote no direct link and 1’s to denote a direct link. We analyzed a variety of published food webs ranging from pine forests in the United States to tussock grasslands in New Zealand. The food webs varied in number of distinguishable taxa present, functional diversity, climates and habitats. Consequently, we expect that our results are not specific to a given system. The published food webs lack flows from …
Curing Nature-Deficit Disorder: How Environmental Education Helps Kids Learn, Jamie Leigh Langley
Curing Nature-Deficit Disorder: How Environmental Education Helps Kids Learn, Jamie Leigh Langley
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Walk into any public school and talk with the children about their experiences in nature and you will begin to see a pattern. Children have made few connections with the world around them. They do not spend much time outdoors and the time they do spend outdoors is not spent interacting directly with nature. Why does this matter? Look at these same kids and you will see another pattern emerging: Attention-Deficit Disorder, depression, obesity, emotional problems, etc. While not all of these problems are directly caused by a lack of interaction with the natural world, current research shows that there …
Development And Recycling Of Novel Arsenic Removal Technology, Morgan Jones
Development And Recycling Of Novel Arsenic Removal Technology, Morgan Jones
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
As of 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) changed the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic from 50 parts per billion (ppb), to 10ppb because of links to cancer. Current remediation technologies are expensive; therefore, this change will result in increased economic pressure on rural communities with high levels of arsenic in their drinking water. Lowering of the standard has spurred the development of a novel remediation technology that has shown the ability to reduce arsenic in drinking water at the source, with the added benefit of low-cost disposal of a stable and benign waste product in ordinary landfills. …
Biomechanical Modeling Of Forelimb Adduction In The Eastern Mole, Scalopusaquaticus, Mark Sandefur
Biomechanical Modeling Of Forelimb Adduction In The Eastern Mole, Scalopusaquaticus, Mark Sandefur
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The hypertrophied musculoskeletal system driving adduction of Sealopus aquatieus's forelimb supports the locomotion of these burrowing subterranean mammals. Due to the excessive bulk of the major muscles contributing to this action, it was thought that this particular species may represent a rare case of a mammalian species with a greatly enhanced force contribution from each muscle, correlating with a reduction in the potential for the forelimb to adduct at a high velocity. By assessing the lever ratios of five significant muscles contributing to forelimb adduction, combined with vector analyses for the angles of these muscles' insertions, a model was established …
Use Of Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil To Combat Human Pathogenic Yeasts, Amber Adams
Use Of Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil To Combat Human Pathogenic Yeasts, Amber Adams
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
With the outbreak of autoimmune diseases, pathogenic yeasts have begun to pose a serious medical threat. This threat is compounded as more of these yeasts evolve resistance to existing antifungal drugs. In the ever-widening search for new, effective antifungal treatment, the realm of herbal medicine offers some interesting and potentially valuable alternatives. Origanum vulgare is one herb that has demonstrated broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi alike. This study undertook to examine the effects of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare on Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Rhodotorula rubrum, and Cryptococcus albidus, with the hypothesis that Essential Oil of …
Morphology Of The Inner And Peripheral Ear Of The Loricariid Catfish Pterygoplichthys Gibbiceps K., Brian David Rodgers
Morphology Of The Inner And Peripheral Ear Of The Loricariid Catfish Pterygoplichthys Gibbiceps K., Brian David Rodgers
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The morphology of the peripheral and inner ear structures was studied in the loricariid catfish Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps. Specimens (n=6) were preserved in fixative (4% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer) and dissected for examination of the gross morphology (using light microscopy) and ultrastructure of the auditory sensory epithelia (using scanning electron microscopy). One additional specimen was cleaned in a dermestid beetle colony in order to examine the osteology of the skull. The swim bladder of P. gibbiceps is divided along the midline of the fish into two reduced but equal lobes residing in two laterally oriented bony encapsulations. Immediately …
Advancing The Methodology For Cyclopenta[C]Thiophene Sythesis: A Step Toward Anit-Leukemia Agents And Improved Semiconductiors, Riley Jones
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Metal n5-cyclopenta[c]thienyl complexes are of significant interest in both catalysis and materials chemistry. These relatives of the low-band-gap polymer polybenzo[2,3-c]thiophene show great promise as environmentally stable conductive polymers and as energy-efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their unique electronic properties. Recently, studies have shown that cyclopenta[c]thiophene molecules are effective as photodynamic anticancer agents which are particularly aggressive toward leukemia cells. The current method of synthesizing these compounds is lengthy, costly, and has a very low yield. Our group has developed a novel one-step method to produce precursors of these compounds. This procedure increases product yields, eliminates the use of toxic …
Assessing Wavelength Discrimination Abilities In The Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Using Appetitive Choice Discrimination Learning, Tim Thornberry
Assessing Wavelength Discrimination Abilities In The Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Using Appetitive Choice Discrimination Learning, Tim Thornberry
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
In the past few decades, the zebrafish has become a popular vertebrate model in various fields of research, especially visual neuroscience, where the versatile zebrafish model has been used for anatomical, physiological, genetic, developmental, and behavioral research. Anatomical and physiological studies have shown that the zebrafish has the necessary mechanisms required for color vision. However, to date, there is no evidence that zebrafish behavior is regulated by color vision. This project used an appetitive choice discrimination paradigm to assess the ability of the zebrafish to modify its behavior based exclusively on color cues. Subjects were conditioned to associate a food …
Identifying Exclusion Genes Of Bacteriophage Hk239, Ali Wright
Identifying Exclusion Genes Of Bacteriophage Hk239, Ali Wright
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Temperate bacteriophage can adopt either a lytic or a lysogenic lifestyle. In the lytic lifestyle, the bacteriophage infects a cell, uses the host's cellular machinery to replicate, and lyses the cell to release the phage progeny. In the lysogenic lifestyle the bacteriophage genome is integrated into the bacterial genome to generate a prophage. Most of the genes of the prophage are repressed. However, those genes that are expressed have a wide variety of functions including exclusion, the prevention of phage infection. Lysogens of bacteriophage HK239 have the ability to exclude a wide variety of phage, including (lambda), T4rII, Plvir, P2, …
Use Of Lolium Multiflorum For Remediation Of Phosphorus From Poultry-Litter-Contaminated Media, Daniel L Starnes
Use Of Lolium Multiflorum For Remediation Of Phosphorus From Poultry-Litter-Contaminated Media, Daniel L Starnes
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
No abstract provided.
Death, Decay, And Moribund, Virginia Zorn
Death, Decay, And Moribund, Virginia Zorn
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
"Death, Decay, and Moribund" is my interpretation of the physical processes death imposes on the human body. The inspiration for this series comes from a long-time interest in forensic pathology and science. [...]
Molecular Mechanics Analysis Of Platinum Compounds Chelated To Methionine Residues, Donald James Chapman
Molecular Mechanics Analysis Of Platinum Compounds Chelated To Methionine Residues, Donald James Chapman
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Recently, interest in certain platinum compounds has increased significantly due to the discovery that they have either anticancer properties, proteolytic properties, or both. In order to find platinum compounds with similar properties that work better or can be synthesized less expensively, one can use computerized molecular mechanics can be used. In this study a modified AMBER force field was used to find the most stable conformations ofplatinum (II) N, N diethylethylenediamine (Et-en) compounds chelated to various amino acid residue combinations. Using comparisons with other platinum compounds, and a bis-guanine chelate as the standard for all compounds, this research found that …
Phylogenetics Of Rubus Ursinus And R. Macraai (Rosaceae): Evidence Of Hybrid Origin, Brittany Sutherland
Phylogenetics Of Rubus Ursinus And R. Macraai (Rosaceae): Evidence Of Hybrid Origin, Brittany Sutherland
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
This study had three goals: elucidating the affinity between Rubus ursin us and Rubus macraei, assessing the hybrid origin of both species, and determining closely related species that may be putative parents. To this end, three chloroplast DNA regions-rp1l6, trnK, trnL-tmF-and two nuclear DNA regions-the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI)-were sequenced for five R. ursinus individuals, including 6x, 8x, l lx, 12x, and 13x ploidy levels, and R. macraei, which is hexaploid. Sequence data were placed into an existing framework of a Rubus phylogeny. Three phylogenies were created that demonstrate a close association between R. …
Does Genertic Variation Support Geographical And Morphological Patterns? A Phylogentic Interpretation Of Mentha Longifolia (Lamiaceae) Using Molecular Data, Kate L. Hertwick
Does Genertic Variation Support Geographical And Morphological Patterns? A Phylogentic Interpretation Of Mentha Longifolia (Lamiaceae) Using Molecular Data, Kate L. Hertwick
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Traditional taxonomic studies ofMentha longifolia (European horsemint) have utilized geographical and morphological criteria to classify and define the species. This has led to the recognition of 22 different M longifolia subspecies from Europe, the Middle East, central Asia, and southern Africa. Using nucleotide sequences of chloroplast and nuclear DNA regions of 23 accessions of M. longifolia, we assessed levels of genetic divergence to determine if discrete groupings exist. The results ofthis phylogeographic study indicate that there is sufficient variation among samples to warrant splitting of M. longifolia into several different taxa. For example, two subspecies from South Africa share distinct …
The Effect Of The Dietary Polyphenols Quercetin And Resveratrol On Wound Healing In Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vitro, Amie E. Abell
The Effect Of The Dietary Polyphenols Quercetin And Resveratrol On Wound Healing In Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells In Vitro, Amie E. Abell
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The corneal endothelium is a monolayer of cells critical in maintaining a transparent cornea. Its cells are amitotic during adulthood; thus, tissue repair depends primarily on cellular growth and migration. Enhancing repair may improve recovery time from surgical procedures and corneal diseases that damage the endothelium. Inflammation resulting from endothelial injury is characterized by increased concentrations of free radicals in the endothelium and aqueous humor, slowing wound repair. The antioxidant vitamins and antioxidant enzymes neutralize free radicals, but damage can occur when this system is overwhelmed by high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. This project develops an in vitro model …
Zebrafish Cone Contributions And Erg Waveforms As Impacted By Cnqx, Margaret G. Au
Zebrafish Cone Contributions And Erg Waveforms As Impacted By Cnqx, Margaret G. Au
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The effect of the glutamate antagonist CNQX (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3dione) on Off-bipolar cells in the zebrafish (Dania reria) was examined. CNQX has suppressed the d-wave component of electroretinogram (ERG) in other species. Here, adult zebrafish received an injection ofCNQX or saline solution. They were then presented 200 ms stimuli at 17 wavelengths and several irradiances. Spectral sensitivity was calculated from the b-wave components ofthe ERG responses. Retinal injection of CNQX impacted the a-, b-, and d-waves ofthe ERG, especially at longer wavelengths. Significant differences in the spectral sensitivity functions of the CNQX and saline groups were found at 460 nm and 540 …
Holistic, Preventative, And Alternative Medicine As Incorporated In Today's U.S. Medical School And Medical Practices, Marcelle Beall
Holistic, Preventative, And Alternative Medicine As Incorporated In Today's U.S. Medical School And Medical Practices, Marcelle Beall
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
This research explored not only the role of alternative medical programs in allopathic medical schools but also examined the attitudes of physicians in both areas of health care. Twenty-three physicians, about half of whom were MDs and half who were DOs, were interviewed. Additionally, visits were made to three osteopathic medical schools to tour their facilities, interview personnel, and study their curricula. The similarities and differences in allopathic and osteopathic medicine were then assessed.
Charting The Bird Populations Of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kristen Jones
Charting The Bird Populations Of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kristen Jones
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
This thesis documented the bird species at Mammoth Cave National Park in south-central Kentucky. Bird species populations were documented as increasing, decreasing, or extirpated, meaning they were no longer seen in the Mammoth Cave National Park area. We found that the majority of the populations had remained unchanged due to strict management policies adhered to by Mammoth Cave National Park.
The Impact Of Elevated Environmental Temperature On Cytokine Synthesis And Nitric Oxide Production During Experimental Chagas' Disease, L. Curtis Cary
The Impact Of Elevated Environmental Temperature On Cytokine Synthesis And Nitric Oxide Production During Experimental Chagas' Disease, L. Curtis Cary
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
C3H mice that have been infected with a Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi and maintained at an elevated environmental temperature of 36°C survive an otherwise lethal infection. These mice show increased longevity and a dramatic increase in parasitemia levels. In contrast, C3H mice maintained at room temperature typically experience high parasitemia levels and die within 40 days of infection. Previous studies in the laboratory suggest cell-mediated immune responses rather than antibody-mediated responses are responsible for the enhances protection. The goal of the present study was to analyze cytokine synthesis and nitric oxide production in spleen cells from mice infected with …
Effects Of Subcultivation On Cryopreservation On The Surface Expression Of Na+, Kt- Atpase Of Bovine Corneal Epithelium, Leslie Dossett
Effects Of Subcultivation On Cryopreservation On The Surface Expression Of Na+, Kt- Atpase Of Bovine Corneal Epithelium, Leslie Dossett
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
More than 50,000 corneal transplants are perfonned each year in the United States to save orrestore nonnal vision for cornea recipients. While this procedure remains the most successful transplant surgery currently perfonned, a shortage of donor tissue limits its application. Jnresponse, scientists have begun to investigate two means of increasing the supply and availability of donor tissue: transplanting cultured corneal endothelial cells in lieu of donor tissue, and using cryopreservationas ameans of longtenn tissue storage. This study will attempt to determine whether culture and storage techniques, such as subcultivationor cryopreservation, affectthe ability of the corneal endothelium to maintain its pump …
The Effects Of Pool Size On The Microinvertebrate Populations Of Chaney Lake, An Ephemeral Wetland Located In Bowling Green, Kentucky, Shannon Gaines
The Effects Of Pool Size On The Microinvertebrate Populations Of Chaney Lake, An Ephemeral Wetland Located In Bowling Green, Kentucky, Shannon Gaines
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Studies concerning the microinvertebrate communities of differing pool sizes were conducted at Chaney Lake, an ephemeral, karst wetland located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. As the lake begins to dry in the early summer, smaller, isolated ponds begin to form. Several ponds of various sizes were marked for analysis. Microinvertebrate samples and physiochemical readings were taken at each of the sites and were counted in the lab. T-tests were performed on the samples to determine if the microinvertebrate densities differed between ponds that dried later in the season as opposed to those that dried earlier. Ostracoda densities of the late dry …
The Establishment Of Standard Methods And Experimental Procedures For The Prototypical Icp/Tof-Ms Using An Icp-Aes, Joseph Riley
The Establishment Of Standard Methods And Experimental Procedures For The Prototypical Icp/Tof-Ms Using An Icp-Aes, Joseph Riley
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The ICP-AES was used to develop a standard test method for the preparation of samples for analysis purposes, a method that could also be transposed onto the new prototypical ICP/TOF-MS. Whereas both of these instruments are analytical spectroscopic instruments and use the ICP's plasma as an energy source, the ICP/TOF-MS also has a mass spectrometer attached to it. This addition gives the instrument better reliability, accuracy, and precision in analysis as well as faster analysis time. Since the ICP-AES is a precursor of the ICP/TOF-MS, it can be used to develop a standard development method. The experiment involved using a …
Autosomal Recessive Forms Of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, David N. Catlett
Autosomal Recessive Forms Of Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy, David N. Catlett
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a rarely occurring disease not recognized in the past as a distinct entity. Prior to the advent of sophisticated molecular biology techniques in the early I 990s, precise diagnosis of the disease was impossible. However, identification of the altered proteins and underlying genetic defects has brought limb-girdle muscular dystrophy to the forefront of recent biomedical research. Many articles concerning the investigation into limb-girdle muscular dystrophy have been published in genetic and neuromuscular journals since 1992. These fmdings are individually significant, but only a few publications have compiled the results into a comprehensive article relating all past …
Phylogenetic Placement Of African Cornus: Evidence Of Nuclear Rdna, Scott Myers
Phylogenetic Placement Of African Cornus: Evidence Of Nuclear Rdna, Scott Myers
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
The genus Comus (the dogwoods) contains 50 species that have been divided into nine subgenera. One of these species, C. volkensii, has been segregated into the subgenus Ajrocrania. Previous studies combined morphological, anatomical, and chemical data to produce a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships that placed the subg. Afrocrania as a segregate lineage sister to the subg. Comus, and placed the Ajrocrania/Comus lineage sister to the big-bracted dogwoods (Murrell 1997). The subgenus Afrocrania has been examined morphologically, anatomically, and palynologically; however, it was not sequenced in Xiang's (1993) analysis of rbcL (chloroplast) sequence data, or in her analysis of the matK …
An Analysis Of Two Tests For Diesel Contamination In The Environment When Considering The Impact On Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria, Chris Wedding
An Analysis Of Two Tests For Diesel Contamination In The Environment When Considering The Impact On Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria, Chris Wedding
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
No abstract provided.
Circadian Rhythm Of Brain Gaba Levels In The Cockroach, Leucophaea Maderae, Juli Martin Mccay, Jeanette Marie Gibson
Circadian Rhythm Of Brain Gaba Levels In The Cockroach, Leucophaea Maderae, Juli Martin Mccay, Jeanette Marie Gibson
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Brain levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined at three-hour intervals in roaches acclimated to a 12-hour lightl12-hour dark cycle (light onset 0600 h) at 25 ± 2° C using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorometnc detection GABA levels were found to be highest at noon and lowest at 1800 h. A difference between the high and low levels at these two times remained during the second day under constant dark conditions, indicating that GABA levels do indeed vary on a circadian basis. Brain GABA levels were highest at a time of day that corresponded with …