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Articles 31 - 60 of 200
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Interactions Between Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (Nps) And Mucin, . Boimin
Interactions Between Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (Nps) And Mucin, . Boimin
Doctoral Dissertations
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in many food, consumer, and industrial products. However, little is known about the overall effects of TiO2 NPs on the environment or human health. In order to elucidate the fate, transformation, transport, and toxicological impact of TiO2 NPs, a better understanding is needed of how the physicochemical properties of TiO2 NPs (e.g. size, charge, curvature, hydrophobicity, and surface functionality) interact with their microenvironments (e.g. pH, temperature, bile acids, microbiome, enzymes, surface-active components, and biopolymers). Living organisms including humans have a natural mechanism to protect themselves from physical, biological, …
Improving Health Targeted Food Quality Of Blackberry: Pear Fruit Synergy Using Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation, Nicholas Pucel, Dipayan Sarkar, Ronald G. Labbe, Chartchai Khanongnuch, Kalidas Shetty
Improving Health Targeted Food Quality Of Blackberry: Pear Fruit Synergy Using Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation, Nicholas Pucel, Dipayan Sarkar, Ronald G. Labbe, Chartchai Khanongnuch, Kalidas Shetty
Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series
Blackberry and pear are rich in human health protective phenolic bioactives with high antioxidant activity. These fruits are relevant dietary targets to counter chronic oxidative stress-linked diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to high perishability, the human health relevant bioactive qualities of such fruits deteriorate during postharvest storage and processing. By improving stability and bioavailability of nutritionally relevant phenolic bioactives during post-harvest stages, effective integration of blackberry and pear as dietary support strategies can be targeted for T2D benefits. Solutions to bioactive quality loss of fruits can be achieved by advancing bioprocessing strategy integrating compatible fruit synergy and …
Use Of Micellar Delivery Systems To Enhance Curcumin’S Stability And Microbial Photoinactivation Capacity, Victor Ryu, Silvette Ruiz-Ramirez, Piyanan Chuesiang, Lynne A. Mclandsborough, David Julian Mcclements, Maria G. Corradini
Use Of Micellar Delivery Systems To Enhance Curcumin’S Stability And Microbial Photoinactivation Capacity, Victor Ryu, Silvette Ruiz-Ramirez, Piyanan Chuesiang, Lynne A. Mclandsborough, David Julian Mcclements, Maria G. Corradini
Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series
Microbial photoinactivation using ultraviolet (UV) or visible light can be enhanced by photosensitizers. This study assessed the efficacy of encapsulating a food-grade photosensitizer (curcumin) in surfactant micelles on its water dispersibility, chemical stability, and antimicrobial activity. Stock curcumin-surfactant solutions were prepared with Surfynol 465 (S465) or Tween 80 (T80) (5 mM sodium citrate buffer). The antimicrobial activity of curcumin-loaded surfactant solutions was determined by monitoring the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria innocua after 5-min irradiation with UV-A light (λ = 365 nm). The solutions mixed with the bacterial suspensions contained 1 µM curcumin and each surfactant below, …
Effect Of Encapsulated Edible Halophyte With Different Biopolymers On The Inhibition Of Sodium Absorption In Mouse, Eun Young Jung, Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, On You Kim, Yeonhwa Park, Sun Jin Hur
Effect Of Encapsulated Edible Halophyte With Different Biopolymers On The Inhibition Of Sodium Absorption In Mouse, Eun Young Jung, Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, On You Kim, Yeonhwa Park, Sun Jin Hur
Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible halophyte Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with biopolymers on inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse. Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with four biopolymers (pectin, chitosan, cellulose and dextrin) were fed to mice for 48 hr, and inhibiting sodium absorption was measured. In primary in vitro condition, fresh Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% cellulose had 40% binding rate. Juice residue Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% chitosan had the highest sodium binding rate by 50%. In mouse model, fresh, juice, and juice residue of Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 4% chitosan had the highest sodium …
Infogest Inter-Laboratory Recommendations For Assaying Gastric And Pancreatic Lipases Activities Prior To In Vitro Digestion Studies, Myriam M.L. Grundy, Evan Abrahamse, Annette Almgren, David J. Mcclements, Marie Alminger, Ana Andres, Renata M.C. Ariëns, Shanna Bastiaan-Net, Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, André Brodkorb
Infogest Inter-Laboratory Recommendations For Assaying Gastric And Pancreatic Lipases Activities Prior To In Vitro Digestion Studies, Myriam M.L. Grundy, Evan Abrahamse, Annette Almgren, David J. Mcclements, Marie Alminger, Ana Andres, Renata M.C. Ariëns, Shanna Bastiaan-Net, Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, André Brodkorb
Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series
In vitro digestion studies often use animal digestive enzyme extracts as substitutes of human gastric and pancreatic secretions. Pancreatin from porcine origin is thus commonly used to provide relevant pancreatic enzymes such as proteases, amylase and lipase. Rabbit gastric extracts (RGE) have been recently introduced to provide gastric lipase in addition to pepsin. Before preparing simulated gastric and pancreatic extracts with targeted enzyme activities as described in in vitro digestion protocols, it is important to determine the activities of enzyme preparations using validated methods. The purpose of this inter-laboratory study within the INFOGEST network was to test the repeatability and …
Utilization Of Polysaccharide-Based High Internal Phase Emulsion For Nutraceutical Encapsulation: Enhancement Of Carotenoid Loading Capacity And Stability, Chi Yan, Xiaolin Wu, Yi Wang, Shengfeng Peng, Jun Chen, Liqiang Zou, David Julian Mcclements, Wei Liu
Utilization Of Polysaccharide-Based High Internal Phase Emulsion For Nutraceutical Encapsulation: Enhancement Of Carotenoid Loading Capacity And Stability, Chi Yan, Xiaolin Wu, Yi Wang, Shengfeng Peng, Jun Chen, Liqiang Zou, David Julian Mcclements, Wei Liu
Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series
The main goal of the present work was to access the ability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) to encapsulate fl-carotene. The carotenoid loading capacity of the HIPEs was around 20-fold higher when OSAstarch/chitosan complexes were used than when only OSA-starch was used. This impact could be mainly assigned to the capacity of the former HIPEs to trap carotenoid caystals in a stable form. The OSA-starch/chitosan complexes were shown to absorb on the oil droplets interface and form a 3D network in the aqueous phase, which helped to prevent droplet coalescence induced by fl-carotene crystal. The incorporation of fl-carotene within …
Development Of Salt- And Gastric-Resistant Whey Protein Isolate Stabilized Emulsions In The Presence Of Cinnamaldehyde And Application In Salad Dressing, Huanhuan Cui, Qihang Liu, David Julian Mcclements, Bin Li, Shilin Liu, Yan Li
Development Of Salt- And Gastric-Resistant Whey Protein Isolate Stabilized Emulsions In The Presence Of Cinnamaldehyde And Application In Salad Dressing, Huanhuan Cui, Qihang Liu, David Julian Mcclements, Bin Li, Shilin Liu, Yan Li
Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series
Protein-stabilized emulsions tend to be susceptible to droplet aggregation in the presence of high ionic strengths or when exposed to acidic gastric conditions due to a reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between the protein-coated droplets. Previously, we found that incorporating cinnamaldehyde into the oil phase improved the resistance of whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized emulsions against aggregation induced by NaCl, KCl and CaCl2. In the current study, we aimed to establish the impact of cinnamaldehyde on the tolerance of WPI-stabilized emulsions to high salt levels during food processing and to gastric conditions. In the absence of cinnamaldehyde, the addition of high …
Anti-Obesity Effects Of Morus Alba L. And Aronia Melanocarpa In A High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57bl/6j Mouse Model, Na-Yeon Kim, Shalom Sara Thomas, Dae-Il Hwang, Ji-Hye Lee, Kyung-Ah Kim, Youn-Soo Cha
Anti-Obesity Effects Of Morus Alba L. And Aronia Melanocarpa In A High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57bl/6j Mouse Model, Na-Yeon Kim, Shalom Sara Thomas, Dae-Il Hwang, Ji-Hye Lee, Kyung-Ah Kim, Youn-Soo Cha
Nutrition Department Faculty Publication Series
The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain …
Effects Of Berberine On Development In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zhuojia Qian
Effects Of Berberine On Development In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Zhuojia Qian
Masters Theses
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in some plants and has many bioactivities including anti-microbial, lipid- and glucose-lowering, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, etc. However, there is limited knowledge about berberine’s effects on development and locomotive activity. Herein, in vivo studies were conducted to determine these effects of berberine using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model. Treatment of berberine at 50 μM starting at L1 stage significantly retarded the growth rate of nematodes, and reduced the length, width and moving speed of worms by 19%, 12% and 29%, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, triglycerides (TG) and protein content in worms …
Effect Of Jackfruit-Derived Extract Consumption On Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis In Mice, Jingwen Lin
Effect Of Jackfruit-Derived Extract Consumption On Colitis-Associated Colon Tumorigenesis In Mice, Jingwen Lin
Masters Theses
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The global burden of colorectal cancer is also expected to increase by 60%, to over 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths, by the year 2030. Jackfruit is known for its packed nutrition including many antioxidants: vitamin C, carotenoids and flavanones. It has also been used in traditional medicine due to its potential protection against many chronic diseases. However, there is limited research studying the potential effect of jackfruit on colorectal cancer. Here, we used a well-established AOM/DSS …
New England’S Underutilized Seafood Species: Defining And Exploring Marketplace Potential In A Changing Climate, Amanda Davis
New England’S Underutilized Seafood Species: Defining And Exploring Marketplace Potential In A Changing Climate, Amanda Davis
Masters Theses
New England’s seafood industry has been searching for opportunities to diversify their landings and build resilience as it faces socio-economic challenges from a changing climate. Developing markets for underutilized species is one way the New England community could help their seafood industry build resilience. This thesis identified New England’s underutilized fish species and explored their marketplace potential by examining their availability in a changing climate, current availability to consumers, and consumers’ responses. In Chapter I, I account how New England’s seafood preferences have changed over time. In Chapter II, I identify New England’s seven underutilized seafood species: 1) Acadian redfish …
Coffee Bioactives Regulate Lipid Metabolism In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Renalison Farias Pereira
Coffee Bioactives Regulate Lipid Metabolism In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Renalison Farias Pereira
Doctoral Dissertations
Coffee consumption is associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes. Although the mechanisms of action are not yet elucidated, the effects of coffee and its bioactive components on lipid metabolism may account for the overall coffee effects on human health. Therefore, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of coffee and its bioactive components on lipid metabolism using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system. Green coffee bean extract (GCBE), the chlorogenic acid 5-O-caffeyolquinic acid (5-CQA), and the coffee diterpenes cafestol and kahweol reduced fat accumulation via distinct lipid metabolism pathways and/or behavior changes in C. elegans …
Effects Of Tempeh Fermentation On Soy Free And Bound Phenolics: Release, Transformation, And Stimulated Production, Amadeus Driando Ahnan
Effects Of Tempeh Fermentation On Soy Free And Bound Phenolics: Release, Transformation, And Stimulated Production, Amadeus Driando Ahnan
Doctoral Dissertations
The fermentation of tempeh, a traditional source of protein originated in Indonesia, has been reported to enhance the health-promoting potentials of various grains, legumes, and beans. Tempeh fermentation on soybeans can modulate the bioavailability of phenolic compounds, particularly isoflavones, bioactive compounds that have been found to be protective against lung, prostrate, and colon cancers. However, the mechanism of the protective benefits was unknown. Using whole-food and in vitro models, this study addressed this research gap by investigating the effects of tempeh fermentation using various cultures on the compositions of soy free, bound, and minor phenolics, as well as their antioxidative, …
Analysis Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles In Foods Using Raman Spectroscopic Techniques, Janamkumar Pandya
Analysis Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles In Foods Using Raman Spectroscopic Techniques, Janamkumar Pandya
Doctoral Dissertations
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and its nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in various applications. Recently, the presence of TiO2 NPs in food and consumer products raised safety concerns to human health and the environment. The goal of this project is to explore the capability of Raman Spectroscopy in the analysis of TiO2-NPs and apply this technique for the analysis of TiO2-NPs in food and environmental samples. Two approaches, i.e. the ligand-based and the mapping-based, were evaluated. The ligand-based approach utilized the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property of the TiO2 NPs as a substrate to enhance the signal of a surface …
Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma
Micro-Physiological Models To Mimic Mucosal Barrier Complexity Of The Human Intestine In Vitro, Abhinav Sharma
Doctoral Dissertations
The mucosal barrier in the intestine is vital to maintain selective absorption of nutrients while protecting internal tissues and maintaining symbiotic relationship with luminal microbiota. This bio-barrier consists of a cellular epithelial barrier and an acellular mucus barrier. Secreted mucus regulates barrier function via in situ biochemical and biophysical interaction with luminal content that continually evolves during digestion and absorption. Increasing evidence suggests that a mucus barrier is indispensable to maintain homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the importance of mucus barrier is largely underrated for in vitro mucosal tissue modeling. The major gap is the lack of experimental material …
Dietary Oligosaccharides Modulate Bifidobacterial Production Of The Neurotransmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Michelle Rozycki
Dietary Oligosaccharides Modulate Bifidobacterial Production Of The Neurotransmitter Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Michelle Rozycki
Masters Theses
Bifidobacteria are the predominant members of the infant gut, colonize adults to a lesser extent, and are recognized as beneficial microbes. Various bifidobacterial species produce ��-aminobutryic acid (GABA), the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. It is postulated that in order to produce GABA, the bifidobacterial genome must contain the gadB and gadC genes which encode a glutamate decarboxylase and a glutamate/GABA antiporter, respectively. Once exported by GadC, GABA is absorbed and transported systemically throughout the host. We hypothesize that specific dietary oligosaccharides will modulate bifidobacterial production of GABA due to varying intracellular concentrations of glutamate. To …
Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Red Seaweed Extracts, Yingying Yang
Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Red Seaweed Extracts, Yingying Yang
Masters Theses
Red seaweeds are reported to represent the largest group of algae, with more species accounted for than the combination of brown and green seaweeds. Due to the high amount of polysaccharides in red seaweeds, they are mainly utilized for commercial agar and carrageenan production in industry. However, increasing studies indicate other valuable compounds such as lipids and polyphenols could be potential utilized for multiple human needs (e.g., drug development) (1, 2). With increasing studies demonstrating the potential health benefits of seaweed components, two red seaweed species commonly consumed in Asia, hong qı´ lı´n c a`i (HQL), Eucheuma sp and zhe` …
The Comparison Of Functional And Physical Properties Of Commercial Pulse Proteins To Soy Protein, Kai Kai Ma
The Comparison Of Functional And Physical Properties Of Commercial Pulse Proteins To Soy Protein, Kai Kai Ma
Masters Theses
There has been growing interest in the utilization of plant-derived proteins as functional ingredients in many food and beverage applications because they are perceived as being more sustainable, healthy, and ethical than animal-derived proteins by many consumers. Traditionally, soy proteins have been the most widely employed plant protein in the food industry. However, a number of alternative plant-based protein sources have recently become available, with pulse proteins being one of the most popular. In this study, the physicochemical properties and functional attributes of various commercially available pulse protein isolates were compared with those of soy protein isolate to evaluate their …
Design And Fabrication Of Colloidal Delivery Systems To Encapsulate And Protect Curcumin: An Important Hydrophobic Nutraceutical, Mahesh Kharat
Design And Fabrication Of Colloidal Delivery Systems To Encapsulate And Protect Curcumin: An Important Hydrophobic Nutraceutical, Mahesh Kharat
Doctoral Dissertations
Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound found in Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome that has excellent biological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties to name a few. However, its incorporation in food and pharmaceuticals is difficult due to low water solubility and chemical instability. This study focuses on developing colloidal delivery systems for efficient encapsulation and increased protection of curcumin for maximizing the proposed health benefits of curcumin. It was found that the physical and chemical stability of pure curcumin is impacted by pH, storage temperature, and molecular environment both in aqueous solutions and in oil-in-water emulsions. Pure …
Development Of Headspace Analysis Of Living And Postharvest Fresh Produce Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Sers), Xinyi Du
Masters Theses
The increasing market demand for fresh produce promotes a keen interest in developing a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for monitoring plant health and determining the shelf-life of postharvest produce. The objective of this study is to explore the capability of Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in these applications. SERS integrates Raman spectroscopy which measures molecular vibrations and nanotechnology which enhances the weak Raman signals. Herein, we developed two SERS methods based on a surface detection approach using nanoparticles solution and a headspace detection approach using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fibers, to detect biochemical changes during postharvest storage of arugula leaves. Compared …
Green Coffee Bean Extract Reduces Fat Accumulation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lynnea Young
Green Coffee Bean Extract Reduces Fat Accumulation In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lynnea Young
Masters Theses
With obesity on the rise, there has been great interest in identifying functional foods that can alter metabolism to mitigate obesity. One nutraceutical that has gained attention is green coffee bean extract (GCBE), sourced from raw coffee beans. Research has shown that it has a variety of biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. It has been reported that the main polyphenolic compound in GCBE, chlorogenic acid (CGA), is likely responsible for these effects. However, GCBE had not yet been studied in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly. Drosophila are a noted model organism …
Utilization Of Emulsion Chemistries For Delivery And Antiviral Application Of Carvacrol, Hao-Yuan Hsu
Utilization Of Emulsion Chemistries For Delivery And Antiviral Application Of Carvacrol, Hao-Yuan Hsu
Masters Theses
Human norovirus (HuNoVs) are the most common enteric pathogen around the world that cause ~50% of foodborne illness of disease outbreaks annually. HuNoVs are the member of the Caliciviridae family, which consist of small (38 nm), unenveloped, single stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. Norovirus are divided into 5 genogroup (GI, GII, GIII, GIV, GV, GVI and GVII). The GI, GII, and GIV cause human illness, in addition, GII.4 genotype cause the most human disease. Due to HuNoVs are difficult cultured in vitro, the cultivable HuNoVs surrogates have been widely studied. Recently, some studies have been conducted with HuNoVs surrogates, for …
Promotion Of Colon Health By Strawberry And Cranberry, Yanhui Han
Promotion Of Colon Health By Strawberry And Cranberry, Yanhui Han
Doctoral Dissertations
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has posed serious threats to the human health, which lead to chronic malabsorption of nutrients, abnormal pain and rectal bleeding. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to the onset of IBD. Multiple studies suggested that dysbiosis in colon plays an important role in the development of colitis, and gut microbiota composition are different between patients with IBD and healthy individuals. Intake of whole foods, such as fruits and vegetables, may confer health benefits to the host. The beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables mainly attribute to their richness of polyphenols and microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs). Components …
The Catalytic Urease Subunit Urec Is Critical For Bifidobacterium Longum Urea Utilization, Yang Lyu
The Catalytic Urease Subunit Urec Is Critical For Bifidobacterium Longum Urea Utilization, Yang Lyu
Doctoral Dissertations
In the first study, we investigated the utilization of a human milk nitrogen source, urea, by Bifidobacterium. Urea accounts for ~15% in human milk, which is an abundant non-protein nitrogen (NPN). Some bifidobacteria are found to harbor urease gene clusters that potentially enable their hydrolysis of the human milk urea. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To incisively link the urease gene cluster with bifidobacterial urea utilization, chemical mutagenesis (i.e. ethyl methanesulfonate) was performed on the urease-positive Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis UMA399. Mutants were selected on differential media and genetic lesions were identified using whole genome sequencing. …
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Mediated Lipid Metabolism In Obesity And Colon Tumorigenesis, Weicang Wang
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Mediated Lipid Metabolism In Obesity And Colon Tumorigenesis, Weicang Wang
Doctoral Dissertations
Colon cancer is a major public health issue: it is expected to have 140,250 new cases and 50,630 deaths during 2018, making colon cancer the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Obesity is associated with enhanced colonic inflammation, which is a major risk factor of colorectal cancer. Currently, more than 35% of adults and nearly 17% of children are obese. Considering the obesity and colon cancer epidemic in the United States, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for obesity and colon cancer. Here, using …
Silver Mirror Substrate And Rolling Method For Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Spesctroscopic Analysis In Food, Yanqi Qu
Doctoral Dissertations
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, short for SERS, is an emerging technology with great potential in food analysis due to rapid detection, high sensitivity, portable instrumentation, and simple sample preparation. However, it is always a bottleneck to obtain reproducible SERS measurements in real analytical cases due to the complicity of food systems and inhomogeneous aggregation of colloidal nanoparticles. To improve its performance for practical applications in food analysis, efforts have been made in improving the reproducibility, enhancing the selectivity and reducing the matrix interference to the analyte. Herein, a self-assembly silver nanoparticles mirror substrate was fabricated to improve the and the quantitative …
Effects Of Ivermectin And Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid (Pfbs) On Lipid Metabolism, Weipeng Qi
Effects Of Ivermectin And Perfluorobutanesulfonic Acid (Pfbs) On Lipid Metabolism, Weipeng Qi
Doctoral Dissertations
Accumulating evidence has shown a link between environmental contaminants and altered lipid metabolism. There is currently, however, limited knowledge regarding the causal molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of two environmental contaminants, ivermectin and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), on lipid metabolism in adipocytes and hepatocytes using cell culture models. We first studied the effects of ivermectin, an anti-parasitic agent, on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our current results suggest that ivermectin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the expression of adipogenic genes where these effects were found to be partially via PPARγ-dependent, but not FXR-dependent, pathway. Additionally, ivermectin also …
Dietary Oligosaccharides Are Differentially Metabolized By Commensal Microbiota Within In Vitro Model Systems, Ezgi Özcan
Doctoral Dissertations
Our diet contains indigestible carbohydrates that are available for microbial metabolism within the gastrointestinal tract. These carbohydrate sources are oligosaccharides found in plants and human milk. Oligosaccharide utilization phenotypes are often consistent with the ecological niche that microbes occupy (e.g. adult gut, infant gut, plants). This study represents an in-depth metabolic analysis for utilization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) including lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and cranberry oligosaccharides (i.e. xyloglucans) within in vitro modeled systems. These model systems include microplate systems for pure cultures as well as an adapted bioreactor system to mimic microbial interactions within the gut. Infant-colonizing Bifidobacterium …
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Imaging Of Bacteria Within Fresh Produce In Situ, Michael Hickey
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Imaging Of Bacteria Within Fresh Produce In Situ, Michael Hickey
Doctoral Dissertations
The growth curves for E. coli O157:H7 (#043888) are reported. We make the case that the onset of stationary growth is the optimal point at which a bacteria culture is considered suitable for quantitative Raman analyses. The optimal conditions for 3-mercaptophenylboronic acid coating of bacteria cells is also reported. Fundamental drawbacks of the status-quo approach have been elucidated and overcome, based on measurable improvements to the experimental methodology. This approach is shown to be suitable for the evaluation of bacterial rinse-washing efficacy by means of Raman light-scattering. The data were compared to label-free applications and the measurable differences between each …
Application Of Flow Cytometry As Novel Technology In Studying Lipid Oxidation In Oil-In-Water Emulsions, Peilong Li
Application Of Flow Cytometry As Novel Technology In Studying Lipid Oxidation In Oil-In-Water Emulsions, Peilong Li
Masters Theses
The body of literature on the impact of emulsion particle size on oxidation rates is unclear. This could be because emulsions are typically polydisperse and the oxidation rate of individual droplets is impossible to discern. Flow cytometry is a technique for studying individual cells and their subpopulations using fluorescence technologies. It is possible that individual emulsion droplets could also be characterized by flow cytometry as a novel approach for studying lipid oxidation. Typical emulsion droplets are too small to be visualized by flow cytometer, so emulsions were prepared to have droplets > 2 μm; weighting agent and xanthan gum were added …