Life Sciences Commons^™

Improving Health Targeted Food Quality Of Blackberry: Pear Fruit Synergy Using Lactic Acid Bacterial Fermentation, Nicholas Pucel, Dipayan Sarkar, Ronald G. Labbe, Chartchai Khanongnuch, Kalidas Shetty

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Blackberry and pear are rich in human health protective phenolic bioactives with high antioxidant activity. These fruits are relevant dietary targets to counter chronic oxidative stress-linked diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to high perishability, the human health relevant bioactive qualities of such fruits deteriorate during postharvest storage and processing. By improving stability and bioavailability of nutritionally relevant phenolic bioactives during post-harvest stages, effective integration of blackberry and pear as dietary support strategies can be targeted for T2D benefits. Solutions to bioactive quality loss of fruits can be achieved by advancing bioprocessing strategy integrating compatible fruit synergy and …

Use Of Micellar Delivery Systems To Enhance Curcumin’S Stability And Microbial Photoinactivation Capacity, Victor Ryu, Silvette Ruiz-Ramirez, Piyanan Chuesiang, Lynne A. Mclandsborough, David Julian Mcclements, Maria G. Corradini

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Microbial photoinactivation using ultraviolet (UV) or visible light can be enhanced by photosensitizers. This study assessed the efficacy of encapsulating a food-grade photosensitizer (curcumin) in surfactant micelles on its water dispersibility, chemical stability, and antimicrobial activity. Stock curcumin-surfactant solutions were prepared with Surfynol 465 (S465) or Tween 80 (T80) (5 mM sodium citrate buffer). The antimicrobial activity of curcumin-loaded surfactant solutions was determined by monitoring the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria innocua after 5-min irradiation with UV-A light (λ = 365 nm). The solutions mixed with the bacterial suspensions contained 1 µM curcumin and each surfactant below, …

Effect Of Encapsulated Edible Halophyte With Different Biopolymers On The Inhibition Of Sodium Absorption In Mouse, Eun Young Jung, Seung Yun Lee, Da Young Lee, On You Kim, Yeonhwa Park, Sun Jin Hur

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible halophyte Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with biopolymers on inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse. Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with four biopolymers (pectin, chitosan, cellulose and dextrin) were fed to mice for 48 hr, and inhibiting sodium absorption was measured. In primary in vitro condition, fresh Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% cellulose had 40% binding rate. Juice residue Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 1% chitosan had the highest sodium binding rate by 50%. In mouse model, fresh, juice, and juice residue of Salicornia herbacea encapsulated with 4% chitosan had the highest sodium …

Infogest Inter-Laboratory Recommendations For Assaying Gastric And Pancreatic Lipases Activities Prior To In Vitro Digestion Studies, Myriam M.L. Grundy, Evan Abrahamse, Annette Almgren, David J. Mcclements, Marie Alminger, Ana Andres, Renata M.C. Ariëns, Shanna Bastiaan-Net, Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal, André Brodkorb

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

In vitro digestion studies often use animal digestive enzyme extracts as substitutes of human gastric and pancreatic secretions. Pancreatin from porcine origin is thus commonly used to provide relevant pancreatic enzymes such as proteases, amylase and lipase. Rabbit gastric extracts (RGE) have been recently introduced to provide gastric lipase in addition to pepsin. Before preparing simulated gastric and pancreatic extracts with targeted enzyme activities as described in in vitro digestion protocols, it is important to determine the activities of enzyme preparations using validated methods. The purpose of this inter-laboratory study within the INFOGEST network was to test the repeatability and …

Utilization Of Polysaccharide-Based High Internal Phase Emulsion For Nutraceutical Encapsulation: Enhancement Of Carotenoid Loading Capacity And Stability, Chi Yan, Xiaolin Wu, Yi Wang, Shengfeng Peng, Jun Chen, Liqiang Zou, David Julian Mcclements, Wei Liu

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

The main goal of the present work was to access the ability of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) to encapsulate fl-carotene. The carotenoid loading capacity of the HIPEs was around 20-fold higher when OSAstarch/chitosan complexes were used than when only OSA-starch was used. This impact could be mainly assigned to the capacity of the former HIPEs to trap carotenoid caystals in a stable form. The OSA-starch/chitosan complexes were shown to absorb on the oil droplets interface and form a 3D network in the aqueous phase, which helped to prevent droplet coalescence induced by fl-carotene crystal. The incorporation of fl-carotene within …

Development Of Salt- And Gastric-Resistant Whey Protein Isolate Stabilized Emulsions In The Presence Of Cinnamaldehyde And Application In Salad Dressing, Huanhuan Cui, Qihang Liu, David Julian Mcclements, Bin Li, Shilin Liu, Yan Li

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Protein-stabilized emulsions tend to be susceptible to droplet aggregation in the presence of high ionic strengths or when exposed to acidic gastric conditions due to a reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between the protein-coated droplets. Previously, we found that incorporating cinnamaldehyde into the oil phase improved the resistance of whey protein isolate (WPI)-stabilized emulsions against aggregation induced by NaCl, KCl and CaCl2. In the current study, we aimed to establish the impact of cinnamaldehyde on the tolerance of WPI-stabilized emulsions to high salt levels during food processing and to gastric conditions. In the absence of cinnamaldehyde, the addition of high …

Anti-Obesity Effects Of Morus Alba L. And Aronia Melanocarpa In A High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57bl/6j Mouse Model, Na-Yeon Kim, Shalom Sara Thomas, Dae-Il Hwang, Ji-Hye Lee, Kyung-Ah Kim, Youn-Soo Cha

Nutrition Department Faculty Publication Series

The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain …

A Human Gut Commensal Ferments Cranberry Carbohydrates To Produce Formate, Ezgi Özcan, Jiadong Sun, David C. Rowley, David A. Sela

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Commensal bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and catabolize glycans that are impervious to host digestion. Accordingly, Bifidobacterium longum typically secretes acetate and lactate as fermentative end products. This study tested the hypothesis that B. longum utilizes cranberry-derived xyloglucans in a strain-dependent manner. Interestingly, the B. longum strain that efficiently utilizes cranberry xyloglucans secretes 2.0 to 2.5 mol of acetate-lactate. The 1.5 acetate:lactate ratio theoretical yield obtained in hexose fermentations shifts during xyloglucan metabolism. Accordingly, this metabolic shift is characterized by increased acetate and formate production at the expense of lactate. α-L-Arabinofuranosidase, an arabinan endo-1,5-α-L-arabinosidase, and a β-xylosidase with a …

Food-Grade Cationic Antimicrobial Ε-Polylysine Transiently Alters The Gut Microbial Community And Predicted Metagenome Function In Cd-1 Mice, Xiaomeng You, Jonah E. Einson, Cynthia Lyliam Lopez-Pena, Mingyue Song, Hang Xiao, David Julian Mcclements, David Sela

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Diet is an important factor influencing the composition and function of the gut microbiome, but the effect of antimicrobial agents present within foods is currently not understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of the food-grade cationic antimicrobial ε-polylysine on the gut microbiome structure and predicted metagenomic function in a mouse model. The relative abundances of predominant phyla and genera, as well as the overall community structure, were perturbed in response to the incorporation of dietary ε-polylysine. Unexpectedly, this modification to the gut microbiome was experienced transiently and resolved to the initial basal composition at the final sampling point. …

An Optical Image Of Worms Grown On Agar Containing Flax Seed Oil Nanoparticles With Oil Red O As A Dye, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Confocal Image Of A Nile Red-Stained C. Elegans, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Microscopy Images Of Hermaphrodite Anatomy, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Microscopy images of hermaphrodite anatomy

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Life Cycle Of C. Elegans, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

(A) Images of four larval stages and adult C. elegans by microscopy. (B) Life cycle of C. elegans at 22°C. 0 min is fertilization. Magnification 50x.

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Insulin/Igf-1 Signaling Pathways, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

DAF-2, homolog of mammalian insulin receptor; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; PI3K, phospho-inositide 3-kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 3,4 phosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 phosphate; AKT, protein kinase B; DAF-16, homolog of mammalian Forkhead box O transcription factor (FOXO).

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Proposed Mechanism Of Cla On Muscle Metabolism, Yeonhwa Park

Food Science Department Faculty Publication Series

Diagram

AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; SIRT1, Silent information regulator two protein 1; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α; PPAR-d, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid

Copyright Yeonhwa Park, orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-0899

Flax: Food And Fiber, Madeleine Charney

University Libraries Publication Series

Highlights the versatile and nutritious flax plant, now cultivated worldwide.

Improvement Of Functional Bioactivity In Pear:Blackberry Synergies With Lactic Acid Fermentation For Type 2 Diabetes And Hypertension Management, Nicholas W. Pucel

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has a worldwide prevalence which is expected to rise dramatically over the course of the next thirty years. The disease has reached pandemic stages of development in many cultures, most notably in developing countries, followed somewhat closely by developed countries with access to an overabundance of refined carbohydrates and fat (refined oils). T2DM is a condition that can be prevented or managed, but not cured; therefore a method of stymieing the development of this disease is paramount to halting its progressively increasing morbidity. In this study, bartlett pear and kiowa …

The Effect Of Curcumin (Curcuma Longa) On Biofilm Formation And Surface Proteins Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Songsirin Ruengvisesh

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can attach to the environmental surfaces and develop biofilm which can cause food contamination in the food industries. Sortase A and surface proteins are involved in biofilm and virulence of L. monocytogenes. Curcumin was reported to inhibit sortase A and biofilm in gram positive bacteria. The overall objective of this study was to observe the effect of curcumin (Curcuma longa) on the biofilm formation and surface proteins of L. monocytogenes.

The antibiofilm effect of curcumin against the strain LM21 (wild type) and s22-11G (sortase A defective mutant) was studied using the …

Purification And Characterization Of Novel Nucleases From A Thermophilic Fungus, Kyle S. Landry

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

A thermophilic fungus was isolated from composted horse manure. The organism was as a Chaetomium sp. by sequencing the highly conserved ITS region of the fungus and comparing to known regions in a genomic database and was referred to as TM-417. TM-417 was found to have an optimal growth temperature of 45 ^oC and an optimal pH of 7.0. An extracellular DNase and RNase was found to be produced by the isolate and were purified 145.58-fold and 127.6-fold respectively using a combination of size exclusion chromatography and a novel affinity membrane purification system. The extent of purification was determined …

Accessing The Bioavailability Of Phytochemicals In Caco-2 Cell Model And Developing A Sensitive Method For The Detection And Quantification Of These Compounds, Hana Shatara Sobers

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Numerous studies have found certain unmethylated phytochemicals to possess anti-carcinogenic activity; however, they have been associated with poor oral bioavailability which is a major limiting factor in their usage in chemopreventative treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate if methylation of a compound would affect bioavailability, in terms of transport and permeability, in a Caco-2 cell model as well as the effect of cell viability and cellular uptake in human colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, a new analytic method using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-EC) for the detection and quantification of resveratrol and …

The Effect Of Cooking On Formation Of Bioavailable Species Of Iron From Chicken Breast Muscle, Aditya S. Gokhale

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Chicken breast muscle was cooked to an internal temperature of 165^oF by four methods: boiling, baking, sautéing and deep-frying. All cooking methods led to a decrease in formation of dialyzable iron, formed by both extraction and digestion in vitro, compared to raw muscle. After cooking most of the dialyzable iron formed results from extraction and the formation of dialyzable iron by digestion is essentially eliminated. Cooking also decreased the levels of cysteine and histidine; these losses may contribute to the loss in dialyzable iron.

Transfer Of Listeria Monocytogenes From Stainless Steel And High Density Polethylyene To Cold Smoked Salmon And Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Cohesive Energy Investigation, Fujia Zhang

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Listeria monocytogenes is a major concern for the food industry. It is one of the major agents causing listeriosis. The objective of the first part of this study is to evaluate the effect of hydration level on attached listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel/High density polyethylene transferred to food products. Attached cells were prepared on stainless steel/High density polyethylene. Transfer experiments were conducted from inoculated surface material slides to cold smoked salmon fillets. This experiment was repeated 6 times. The results were analyzed with an analysis of variance by SAS. The differences between the different RH% and surface conditions were not …

A Multidisciplinary Approach To Food Safety Evaluation: Hummus Spoilage And Microbial Analysis Of Kitchen Surfaces In Residential Child Care Institutions (Rcci) In Massachusetts, U.S.A., Elsina E. Hagan

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Food borne illnesses continues to be a public health challenge in the United States (U.S.); an estimated 9.4 million incident cases occurred in 2011. In view of this challenge we conducted two food safety studies; 1) related to product formulation (hummus spoilage challenge study) and 2) evaluating the microbial safety of domestic kitchen surfaces in Residential Child Care Institutions (RCCI pilot study).

Hummus is of Mediterranean origin but is currently eaten globally. This challenge study evaluates a variety of industrial hummus formulations (four in total, differing in pH and/or addition of a preservative (natamycin). Two batches were setup: batch 1; …

Vitamin D Levels And Risk Of Dyslipidemia Among Us Children With Diabetes And Obesity, Elsina E. Hagan

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Dyslipidemia is increasing among U.S. children, and the prevalence is highest among children with diabetes and obesity. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been suggested as a possible dietary risk factor for dyslipidemia. Despite the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst children, virtually no studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D and dyslipidemia among children. We evaluated the vitamin D and dyslipidemia relationship among 240 children and adolescents aged 2 through 21 years who were outpatients of a pediatric endocrinology unit at a large tertiary care facility in Western Massachusetts from April 2008 to April 2010. Eligible children were …

Anti-Diabetic Potentials Of Phenolic Enriched Chilean Potato And Select Herbs Of Apiaceae And Lamiaceae Families, Fahad Saleem

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

The incidence of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases is increasing at a worrisome rate globally. Diabetes mellitus is known to occur due to high blood glucose levels, caused by defects in insulin levels. Adult on-set type II diabetes, which is closely associated with obesity, is reported to be 90-95% of all diabetic cases and linked to diet and lifestyle factors. A large population of the developed and developing countries is now being effected by this epidemic. Natural sources of phenolic antioxidants and inhibitors of digestive enzymes from food sources have potential for low cost dietary management of type II diabetes. …

Levels, Enterotoxigenicity, Growth And Physical Characterisitcs Of B. Cereus From U.S Retail Rice, Chandrakant R. Ankolekar

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitously found foodborne pathogen that is frequently associated with two types of illness: emesis and diarrhea. Two heat labile enterotoxins have been associated with the diarrheal syndrome whereas a heat stable acid stable peptide toxin has been associated with the emetic syndrome. In the U.S, B. cereus is responsible for 1-2% of the total outbreaks from bacteria. Although there are reports of isolation and characterization of this pathogen from various food stuffs all around the world, there are no reports on the levels, toxin producing ability, or growth characteristics from U.S retail rice. Considering that rice …

Local Chef Inspires Healthy And Economical Cooking -- In A Flash, Madeleine K. Charney

University Libraries Publication Series

Local chef, Leslie Cerier, offers thought-provoking workshops about eating whole foods.

Impact Of Chemical And Physical Properties On The Ability Of Antioxidants To Inhibit Lipid Oxidation In Foods, Jean Alamed

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Lipid oxidation is a major problem in foods resulting in alteration of texture, appearance, off flavors, aroma and decreased nutritional quality. The ability of compounds to inhibit lipid oxidation in foods is dependent on both physical and chemical properties. The effects of heating (50-90°C), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and calcium on the oxidative and physical stability of salmon oil-in-water emlusions were investigated in the first study. Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with 2% salmon oil, stabilized by 0.2% Brij 35 at pH 7. Above 2.5 μM, EDTA dramatically decreased lipid oxidation in all samples. Addition of calcium to emulsions containing 7.5 μM …

Colloidal Particles As Antimicrobial Carrier Systems, Dustin W. Carnahan

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

The objective of this thesis is to develop a method by which antimicrobials are delivered into a food product as a concentrated dose to the specific area in which the microorganism is growing without interference from the food matrix. More specifically, we plan to achieve this by delivering the antimicrobials nisin and lysozyme attached to nanoparticles and emulsion droplets. We hypothesize that (a) the attachment to a delivery vessel may increase the local concentration of the antimicrobial in the vicinity of the bacterial pathogens and (b) that the size and charge of the nanoparticle following attachment of the antimicrobials will …