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Articles 2101 - 2130 of 197613

Full-Text Articles in History

Reverend Gideon Blackburn, Alice Jacobson Nov 2023

Reverend Gideon Blackburn, Alice Jacobson

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Gideon Blackburn (1772-1838) was a Presbyterian minister, missionary to the Cherokees, church planter, college president, and anti-slavery leader. His career in the ministry was not static, owing to his drive to evangelize as well as his pioneer restlessness to move further west into the frontier. Born in Virginia, Blackburn and his family moved into the area of east Tennessee while he was still a youth and where he converted at age 15. Following his theological education, in 1792 Blackburn moved to the Maryville, TN, area and served as an itinerant chaplain to Tennessee militia while pastoring two churches and planting …

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Keepers Of The Peace Or Soldiers: An Analysis Of The 1983 Beirut Marine Barracks Bombing And The Rationale Behind Deploying Troops In A Peacekeeping Capacity, Brock Bellinger Nov 2023

Keepers Of The Peace Or Soldiers: An Analysis Of The 1983 Beirut Marine Barracks Bombing And The Rationale Behind Deploying Troops In A Peacekeeping Capacity, Brock Bellinger

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Despite President Reagan’s historic foreign policy success in ushering in the collapse of the Soviet Union and liberation of Eastern Europe, the loss of life during the Beirut Marine barracks bombing marks a substantial failure in Reagan’s foreign policy record. Reagan’s foreign policy failure in Beirut that resulted in the deaths of 241 Americans merits further examination amongst students of international relations as this peacekeeping mission illustrates the dangers of sending American troops into harm’s way without a clear and decisive goal and exit strategy. By evaluating the 1983 Beirut Marine barracks bombing, the hindsight and judgment of history allows …

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Taking Dominion To End Dominion: The Mennonite Influence On The End Of Russian Serfdom, H. Michael Shultz Jr. Nov 2023

Taking Dominion To End Dominion: The Mennonite Influence On The End Of Russian Serfdom, H. Michael Shultz Jr.

Bound Away: The Liberty Journal of History

Serfdom in Russia was abolished in 1861, only 76 years after the first Mennonites were invited into Russia by Catherine II. By examining the lifestyle of the Mennonites who settled in the agriculturally productive “New Russia” (modern-day Ukraine), as well as the impact that the Mennonites had on the Imperial family, peasantry, and government, it is evident that the Mennonites played a recognizable role in bringing about the abolition of serfdom across the empire.

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Franco-American Newspapers And Periodicals In The Northeast: An Inventory, Susan Pinette, Jacob Albert Nov 2023

Franco-American Newspapers And Periodicals In The Northeast: An Inventory, Susan Pinette, Jacob Albert

Franco-American Centre Franco-Américain Faculty Scholarship

Franco-American newspapers and periodicals occupy an overlapping space between primary and secondary literature, and their shadow looms large over the collective body of historic Franco-American sources. Their significance to the Franco-American community is hard to overstate. These periodical publications complicate issues of identity in the U.S. Northeast and are an integral part of Québec history itself. This article details current work to inventory newspaper and periodical titles (currently over 400) and makes accessible our collectively built, evolving inventory of Franco-American newspapers. Les journaux et périodiques franco-américains occupent un espace entre la littérature primaire et la littérature secondaire, et leur ombre …

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The French Colonial Enterprise, A Case Study On The Discourse Of Empire: Inspired By The Writings Of Tocqueville, Said, And Gordon, Michael Chrzanowski Nov 2023

The French Colonial Enterprise, A Case Study On The Discourse Of Empire: Inspired By The Writings Of Tocqueville, Said, And Gordon, Michael Chrzanowski

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

This essay explores the writings of Edward Said, Daniel Gordon, and Alexis de Tocqueville; each of these historians reflected on the concept of colonialism and its possible social, cultural, and political ramifications. Said is remembered as a prominent post-colonialist, and this is reflected in his criticism of European exoticization of the East in his book Orientalism. European notions of superiority, matched with a desire for intellectual accumulation of other cultures' knowledge, propelled colonialism forward in the nineteenth century. Alexis de Tocqueville's accounts on France's colonial mission challenge Said's notion of European superiority; Tocqueville was a civil servant, politician, and historian …

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The Transmutation Of The Draugr: Christianizing Icelandic Mythology, Kathrine Esten Nov 2023

The Transmutation Of The Draugr: Christianizing Icelandic Mythology, Kathrine Esten

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

If the dead will not stay dead, what can you count on? The better question may be: Why aren’t the dead staying dead? In this essay, I examine the draugr (pl. draugar), an undead creature of pagan Norse origin, as described before and after the adoption of Christianity in Iceland in 1000 CE. Featured prominently in pre-conversion folklore, the draugr often symbolized Icelandic fears of isolation, starvation, and darkness. However, The Sagas of Icelanders, written in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, features a reimagined draugr. Intentionally, post-conversion draugar return from the dead in accordance with Catholic practice or lack …

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The Theatrics Of Place: 18th C. Fantasy And George Iii At The Great Pagoda At Kew, Nicholas P. Fernacz Nov 2023

The Theatrics Of Place: 18th C. Fantasy And George Iii At The Great Pagoda At Kew, Nicholas P. Fernacz

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

This paper examines two sites of eighteenth-century architecture, The Great Pagoda in London’s Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, commissioned for King George III, and the Qianlong Emperor’s Western Palace complex at Yuanming Yuan 圆明园 in Beijing. By looking at architecture that transports the beholder through nonnative modeling, this paper investigates the virtual realities constructed in the foreign imagination. Methodologically based upon the architect’s, Sir William Chambers, own architectural treatises (On the Art of Laying out Gardens Among the Chinese and Dissertation on Oriental Gardening), and Jonathan Hay’s book Sensuous Surfaces: the Decorative Object in Early Modern China, this paper finds that …

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The Rise And Fall Of Juan Domingo Peron: Fascism , Violence, And The Catholic Church In Twentieth-Century Argentina, Anne Francis Moore Nov 2023

The Rise And Fall Of Juan Domingo Peron: Fascism , Violence, And The Catholic Church In Twentieth-Century Argentina, Anne Francis Moore

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

In the 1920s and 1930s, the Catholic Church sought to increase its involvement in public life, politics, and social issue throughout Latin America. In Argentina, this desire led to the Churches involvement—both directly and indirectly—in a series of coups, revolutions, and counter revolutions. At the same time, a fascist, nationalist movement began to form in Argentina, inspired in part by European fascists, though distinct in its deep-seated connection with Catholicism. This ideological movement, called nacionalismo, often conflated fascism with Catholicism, and posited violence as the ultimate expression of these beliefs. Nacionalista religious violence would not fully actualize until decades …

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International Programs Newsletter_Alumni Newsletter_Thanksgiving 2023, University Of Maine International Programs Nov 2023

International Programs Newsletter_Alumni Newsletter_Thanksgiving 2023, University Of Maine International Programs

International Programs

Thanksgiving 2023 international newsletter.

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Bear Tracks, November 2023, University Of Maine Alumni Association Nov 2023

Bear Tracks, November 2023, University Of Maine Alumni Association

General University of Maine Publications

No abstract provided.

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Smith, T. Love, Kassey Kreer Nov 2023

Smith, T. Love, Kassey Kreer

Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection

T Love Smith is a 46 year old born in Lincoln, ME, who identifies as non-binary and queer. After coming out to their mom at age 19, who had also come out as gay when T was 5, they were met with an unsupportive, negative response. Going through a tough childhood filled with alcohol abuse and no community for T to confide in about their gender/sexual identity, T found themselves in toxic relationships in their early adulthood. Eventually they were able to come to terms with their identity and came out as non-binary. T discussed their time in the military …

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The Sense Of Waste, Sean Sokolov Nov 2023

The Sense Of Waste, Sean Sokolov

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis begins with the observation that waste is to an outsized degree subject to the modal verbs; we might say that waste gives way to the sense of waste. As a result, waste appears as an unusually animate–and animating–actant, producing in those who apprehend it the impulse to put that which is wasted to use. The introductory chapter establishes this fact and provides a brief overview of scholarly approaches to the study of waste, asserting that in order to transcend mere description of the phenomenon it is necessary to establish how waste as an actant entered into its present …

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Jefferson's Equality Inconsistencies, Thomas Corriea Nov 2023

Jefferson's Equality Inconsistencies, Thomas Corriea

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

Thomas Jefferson’s own work, accounts from his family, and several sources concerning his relationship with notions of slavery and equality, show the inconsistencies in Jefferson’s ideas about equality. This can be solved by classifying them into two spheres: the political and personal. Although it was useful to classify his paradoxes into two spheres of thought, it became evident that the contradictions were not absolutely confined to them. Even within the spheres of the political and personal, Jefferson’s ideas and actions concerning equality were not consistent.

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A Step Ahead Of Other Nations: The First American Ethnography And Implicit Biases, Charlotte Mills Nov 2023

A Step Ahead Of Other Nations: The First American Ethnography And Implicit Biases, Charlotte Mills

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

The publication of Bernardino de Sahagún’s Florentine Codex in 1576 has been considered the first American ethnography and an authoritative text compiled from Aztec survivors of the Spanish conquest. However, the period in which source research was conducted potentially allowed for cultural misinterpretation. By examining European histories, colonial agendas, early drafts, and the final manuscript itself, this publication takes on an increasingly biased and Europeanized perspective. While the Florentine Codex originated Western ethnography in the Americas, because of its inherent prejudices and assumptions, it should not be considered the sole authentic source of primary knowledge of pre-Conquest Mexico.

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The Fisherman's Daughter, Edward Clifford Nov 2023

The Fisherman's Daughter, Edward Clifford

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

A historical fiction short story, The Fisherman’s Daughter seeks to present an imagined life of someone who experienced the Chinese Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and 70s. Split into two parts, the story presents two snapshots of the protagonist’s life situated around an unseen tragedy. Along with various secondary sources, the most influential primary sources for this piece were Chen Rouxi’s The Execution of Mayor Yin, a collection of short stories, Feng Jicai’s Voice from the Whirlwind, a series of transcribed interviews, and Anchee Min’s Red Azalea, a memoir about the author’s experiences during the Cultural Revolution as well as …

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The Family Business: How Political Dynasties Function In The United States Senate, Katherine Esten Nov 2023

The Family Business: How Political Dynasties Function In The United States Senate, Katherine Esten

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

Political families, or political dynasties, have existed in the United States Senate throughout American history. Despite changes in the electoral process through the passage of the 17th Amendment, political dynasties have remained prominent in American politics. The strength of political dynasties lies in the narrative the family presents. In early senatorial history, the narrative was framed by existing intra-state influence and patterns of class. However, after the introduction of popular election, the success of dynastic candidates ultimately depends on their ability to shape the narrative their family presents. Incorporating critical accounts of political dynasties both before and after the 17th …

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The Power Of Perception: How The Perception Of Race Impacted Irish And Italian Immigrants In Boston From 1850-1910, Genevieve Weidner Nov 2023

The Power Of Perception: How The Perception Of Race Impacted Irish And Italian Immigrants In Boston From 1850-1910, Genevieve Weidner

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

In the 1850s, a large population of Irish immigrants came to Boston. In the 1880s, as Boston began to industrialize, the promise of jobs encouraged many more groups of immigrants to move to Boston. The Italians and more Irish came to Boston, but because the Irish had established communities and job connections in the city, it was easier for the Irish immigrants to have better jobs and move into positions of power. Since the Italian immigrants came later than the Irish, the gatekeepers of Boston largely defined that their ethnicity meant. By referencing secondary sources on the topic of race …

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The Ramifications Of Revolution: Haiti And The Influence Of U.S. Policy, Emily Keane Nov 2023

The Ramifications Of Revolution: Haiti And The Influence Of U.S. Policy, Emily Keane

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

The Haitian Revolution, lasting from 1791 to 1804, was the first successful slave-led insurrection against France in Saint-Domingue. Influenced by United States foreign policy, the fight to establish a free nation led the U.S. to question future economic and diplomatic relationships with an independent Haiti. Through excerpts from various sources, including a Pennsylvania Gazette article outlining violence in Saint-Domingue, the 1793 French Emancipation Decree and Laurent Dubois’ historical narrative, this essay explores the precarious relationship between the U.S. and Haiti during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The vehement and successful rejection of foreign rule by an enslaved population …

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Control Through Criminalization: The U.S. Legal System And The Construction Of Criminal Aliens, Kyran Doyle Schnur Nov 2023

Control Through Criminalization: The U.S. Legal System And The Construction Of Criminal Aliens, Kyran Doyle Schnur

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

Immigration laws and policy in the United States underwent a metamorphosis during the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty first. Beginning with the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, immigration across the US-Mexico saw its first serious levels of restriction. Radical shifts in policy in the 1980s made documented immigration impossible for many, and these legal hurdles were compounded by border militarization in the 1990s. In the 21st century a new emphasis on criminalizing undocumented immigrants has developed. These dramatic shifts have all contributed to a modern policy that seeks to control undocumented immigrants …

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A Comparison Of Liberal And Marxist Revolutionary Thought, Chad Stoughton Nov 2023

A Comparison Of Liberal And Marxist Revolutionary Thought, Chad Stoughton

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

Liberalism and Marxism are two of the most influential ideologies of the modern era. Generally analyzed in the context of their criticisms of one another, they are rarely examined through the lens of revolutionary thought and action. Both ideologies have a clear interpretation of revolution, and both are fundamentally revolutionary, both in origin and in outlook. This paper will examine how liberal and Marxist ideology shaped how revolution was understood by their respective adherents, and how that understanding contributed to the success or failure of their revolutionary movements to create lasting polities that adhered to their ideological principles.

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Getting On The Map: American Women And Subversive Cartographical Practice, Kara Westhoven Nov 2023

Getting On The Map: American Women And Subversive Cartographical Practice, Kara Westhoven

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

Approaches to cartographic history have largely centered around a Cartesian perspective of space and a masculine tradition that celebrated the domination and exploration of new lands. This paper, instead, assesses the ways in which women have successful inserted themselves into this cartographic practice. By examining American women’s use of maps, from tools for education and early nation building, to nineteenth-century biographical resources, and as promotional visuals of the suffrage movement, it becomes clear that women have utilized maps, geography, and cartographic vocabulary in unconventional ways throughout history. Maintaining critical perspective of feminist cartography also allows for identification of the oversight …

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Fool's Gold: Comparing Two Political And Economic Crises In Brazilian History, Carrie Katan Nov 2023

Fool's Gold: Comparing Two Political And Economic Crises In Brazilian History, Carrie Katan

University of Massachusetts Undergraduate History Journal

This paper’s goal is to compare and contrast the political and economic crisis that affected the Brazilian military dictatorship from the late 1970’s to mid 1980’s to the political and economic crisis currently affecting Brazil in order to get a better idea of what may be the political effects of the current crisis. This paper argues that both the current crisis and the one under the dictatorship stem from similar causes. It also argues that Brazilian democracy, much like the military dictatorship before it, risks being fatally undermined politically by an economic crisis it is responsible for.

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From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii Nov 2023

From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Winter 2023–24 issue of Parameters. This issue opens with two In Focus commentaries offering observations from the Russia-Ukraine War, two forums addressing deterrence and strategic influence, and the inaugural Director’s Corner for the China Landpower Studies Center (CLSC).

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Verify 2023 Benefits Enrollment, Ums Employee Benefits Center Nov 2023

Verify 2023 Benefits Enrollment, Ums Employee Benefits Center

General University of Maine Publications

No abstract provided.

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Burdin, Johannah, Samantha Rouillard Nov 2023

Burdin, Johannah, Samantha Rouillard

Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection

Johannah Burdin shares her story as a lesbian/queer woman experiencing southern Maine in the 1990s. Her story touches on topics involving coming out, relationships, a traumatic incident that left her disabled, activism, and much more. She was active in her youth in spreading awareness on the AIDS/HIV crisis, education on safe sex, and spent her evenings at popular Portland gay bars, like Sister’s Bar and Limelight/The Underground. Although she is not much into drinking, she recognized these were some of the few spots queer people could go to make community and relationships. Johannah also shares her story of becoming a …

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Parameters Winter 2023-24 Full Issue, Usawc Press Nov 2023

Parameters Winter 2023-24 Full Issue, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

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Introduction To The China Landpower Studies Center, Richard D. Butler Nov 2023

Introduction To The China Landpower Studies Center, Richard D. Butler

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Director’s Corner for the China Landpower Studies Center (CLSC). This will be a regular feature in Parameters that will discuss critical military and security issues related to China, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). It will also highlight the Center’s research agenda and key activities. My objective in this first installment is to outline the purpose, organization, capabilities, research agenda, and expected products of the Center.

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Spadafore, Sampson, Benjamin Lachapelle Nov 2023

Spadafore, Sampson, Benjamin Lachapelle

Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection

Sampson Spadafore is a 27-year-old queer, transmasculine person who currently lives in Westbrook, Maine. They are originally from Syracuse, New York, and attended Nazareth College in Rochester, New York. They graduated with a degree in musical theater. Spadafore discusses shifts in their gender self-presentation and gender fluidity as well as media erasure of trans men. They then moved to Portland, Maine, to work for Maine Boys to Men and have also worked with Speak About It; Maine Renters United; and Democratic Socialists of America. A political current focus is using social media and art to raise awareness about Palestine. Writing …

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Murray, Evan, O'Connor Matthew Nov 2023

Murray, Evan, O'Connor Matthew

Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection

Evan Murray is a 45 year old nonbinary transman. They were born in Boston, Massachusetts and moved to Windham, Maine. Within the interview, Murray discusses the problems with going to a school that is too small, identity challenges within family, and the love of political activism. He had also discussed how his identity had changed over the years, as a young adult, coming to the identity of nonbinary, and later embracing their more masculine aspects. He attended USM and then later a college in Washington, State. He also discusses the importance of chosen family including his relationship with his three …

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Robert Joe Jones Nov 2023

Robert Joe Jones

African American Funeral Programs, Willow Hill Heritage & Renaissance Center, Bulloch County, Georgia

No abstract provided.

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