Digital Commons Network^™

Geoengineering The Climate: An Overview Of Solar Radiation Management Options, William C. G. Burns

Tulsa Law Review

No abstract provided.

Kinetics And Thermodynamic Studies On Removal Of Copper Metal Ion From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Straw, A. El-Zomrawy, M. Thabet, M. Awad, A. Swalem, M. Abo-Shouk

Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science

The adsorption percentage of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution in the absence and in the presence of different concentration of hydrochloric acid on rice straw (SIII) and its ash (R400) were studied in a modified batch adsorption technique. The kinetic data was analyzed using various kinetic models particularly pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to agree well with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (DH°), free energy (DG°) and entropy (DS°) changes towards calculated and adsorption process was spontaneous at R400 in the absence and in the presence of 0.005 M HCl and …

Nvrec Subtask 1.1: Pre-Treatment Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Amber Broch, Kent Hoekman, Larry Felix, Rick Purcell, Curt Robbins, Wei Yan

Nevada Renewable Energy Consortium Meeting

The second annual Nevada Renewable Energy Consortium meeting took place at UNLV on August 20. The meeting focused on the current three NVREC program areas: Solar, Biomass and Geothermal. Presentations were made by participating entities and a poster session followed.

Biofuels-Biomass Group Nv-Rec, Kent Hoekman, Chulsung Bae, Chuck Coronella, John Cushman, Yingtao Jiang, Jian Ma, Mano Misra, Oliver Hemmers, Victor Vasquez

Nevada Renewable Energy Consortium Meeting

The second annual Nevada Renewable Energy Consortium meeting took place at UNLV on August 20. The meeting focused on the current three NVREC program areas: Solar, Biomass and Geothermal. Presentations were made by participating entities and a poster session followed.

A Component Based Model For The Prediction Of The Product Yields Of The Pyrolysis Of A Biomass Particle, Brian C. Eberly

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Pyrolysis of biomass can produce several useful, renewable products: biochar for soil amendment and long-term carbon sequestration; tars for chemicals and biofuels; and syngas as an energy and biofuel production feedstock. The ability to predict the relative yields of gas, tar and char from the pyrolysis process of various biomasses will enable optimization of pyrolysis process for specific yield ratios. Component based kinetic and 1-D pyrolysis models are developed wherein the woody biomass is characterized by the mass percentage of its three primary components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Using dual stage mechanisms for primary component pyrolysis and tar cracking reactions, …

Abstracts Of Oral Presentations

CO2 Summit: Technology and Opportunity

Abstracts of Oral Presentations and Keynote Lectures

Amazonian Dark Earths, William Balee

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

Review article of Amazonian Dark Earths: Origins, Properties, Management. Johannes Lehmann, Dirse C. Kern, Bruno Glaser, William I. Woods, eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. 505 pp., $279.00 (cloth).

ISBN 978-1-4020-1839-8 [http://www.springer.com/]. Amazonian Dark Earths: Explorations in Space and Time. Bruno Glaser and William I. Woods, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag., 2004. 216 pp., $189 (cloth). ISBN 978-3-54000754-8 [http://www.springer.com/].

Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek’s Vision. William I. Woods, Wenceslau G. Teixeira, Johannes Lehmann, Christoph Steiner, Antoinette M.G.A. WinklerPrins, and Lilian Rebellato, eds. New York: Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2009. 502 pp., $249 (cloth). ISBN 978-1-4020-9030-1 [http://www.springer.com/].

The Homestead: Revisited, Christopher William Kramer

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

This paper discusses ideas for harmony on 100 acres in mid-eastern New York. Problems leading to this research include the depletion of resources from irresponsible energy use and profit-driven industrial agriculture; dependency on fossil fuels and centralized energy; and lack of connection between people within communities, with their environment, and with sources of food and water. It is feared that sustainable, resilience building practices that nourished generations throughout history are being neglected. This specific application provides depth and concreteness to the discussion and planning process. Resources including books, maps, reports, and periodicals were integrated to select the site and plan …

Crop Updates 2010 - Genetically Modified Crops, Nutrition And Soils, James Fisher, Désirée Futures, Peter Tozer, Mike Jackson, John Moore, Jamees Neilsen, Geoff Anderson, Wen Chen, Richard Bell, Paul Blackwell, Allan Herbert, Stephen Davies, Ross Brennan, Mike Bolland, James Easton, Ryan Guthrie, Rowan Madderm, Robert Belford, Wal Anderson, Ian Edwards, Reg Lunt, Bill Bowden, Nigel Metz, Peter Newman, Breanne Best, Chris Gazey, Joel Andrew

Crop Updates

GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS

1. Evaluation of the environmental and economic impact of Roundup Ready® canola in the Western Australian crop production system, James Fisher and Désirée Futures, York, Western Australia, Peter Tozer, PRT Consulting, Armidale NSW

2. Controlling wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) in Roundup Ready®¹ Canola: Outcomes from the Nufarm 2009 Roundup Ready small plot trial Program, Mike Jackson, Nufarm Australia Limited

3. Weed strategies for glyphosate tolerant crops, John Moore, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Results of the 2009 Western Australia Roundup Ready® canola trials, Dr James Neilsen, Canola Systems …

Crop Updates 2010 - Crop Specific, Hugh J. Beckie, Wallace Cowling, T. N. Khan, K. Adhikari, K. Siddique, J. Garlinge, L. Smith, S. Morgan, C. Boyd, Ian Pritchard, Chris Veitch, Alan Harris, Tony Leonforts, Murray Blyth, Shari Dougal, Kristy Hobson, Ben Curtis, Doug Sawkins, D. Stephens, Ciara Beard, Kith Jayasena, Kazue Tanaka, Anne Smith, Brenda Coutts, Roger Jones, Jean Galloway, Pip Payne, Tess Humphreys, William Macleod, Ravjit Khangura, M. Aberra, H. Mian, Geoff Thomas, Dusty Severtson, Peter Mangano, Monica Kehoe, Madeline A. Tucker, Neil Barker, Robert Loughman, Larisa Cato, Ken Quail, Mohammad Amjad, Mark Seymour, Justin Kudnig, Mark Thompson, Anton Mannes, Michael Uttley, Chris Fletcher, Andrew Etherton, Nick Joyce, Kate Light, Peter Hamblin, Michael Lamond, Alan Meldrum, Wayne Parker, Steve Penny Jr, Sarah Ellis, Brenda Shackley, Christine Zaicou, Shajahan Miyan, Darshan Sharma, Ben Curtis, Greg Shea, Bevan Buirchell, David Harris, Bob French

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty four papers from different authors:

PLENARY

1. Challenges facing western Canadian cropping over the next 10 years, Hugh J Beckie, Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon,

Saskatchewan

CROP SPECIFIC

Breeding

2. The challenge of breeding canola hybrids – new opportunities for WA growers, Wallace Cowling, Research Director, Canola Breeders Western Australia Pty Ltd

3. Chickpea 2009 crop variety testing of germplasm developed by DAFWA/CLIMA/ICRISAT/COGGO alliance. Khan, TN1,3, Adhikari, K1,3, Siddique, K2, Garlinge, J1, Smith, L1, Morgan, S1 and Boyd, C1 1Department …

Climate Change Response Strategy, Anne Bennett

Bulletins 4000 -

Climate change and policies introduced to reduce emissions will affect the agricultural sector and will lead to social and economic outcomes.

In addressing the Western Australian Government's priority plan for the agriculture and food sector, the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia has a number of roles it can play to assist industry to adapt and respond to climate change.

This document provides a balanced and coordinated strategic direction for climate change activities by identifying and prioritising key actions to be achieved over the next five years. The strategy is split into four chapters: emissions abatement, carbon sinks, adapting …

Umass Amherst Climate Action Plan, Josh Stoffel, Bruce Parkin

Sustainable UMass

The University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMA) recognizes that global climate change and other environmental challenges have become defining issues of our time. UMA continuously pursues research and education with a goal of providing a sustainable and climate neutral environment. We provide our students with groundbreaking courses and educational opportunities, our faculty with state-of-the-art research and development facilities and funding, and continually strive to reach out to other campuses and communities to develop collaborative solutions to sustainability issues. By discussing and examining the newest technologies, the latest environmental controversies, and potential solutions to the world’s environmental issues we are determined to …

Sulfur Characterization Of Biochar, Shealyn Malone, Singfoong Cheah

STAR Program Research Presentations

The potential of biomass-derived transportation fuel via thermochemical conversion has been widely recognized due to its renewable and carbon-neutral characteristics. A notable limitation affecting the economic feasibility of thermochemically produced biofuels is the production of unwanted byproducts, including organic tar and inorganic gas constituents (such as sulfur, chlorine, and alkali metals). This investigation focuses on understanding inorganic sulfur contaminants by studying the content and speciation of sulfur in biochar. Various biochar samples were characterized using TruSpec Sulfur Analysis (S-Analysis) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). EDS X-ray mapping was used to study the speciation of sulfur in biochar. It …

Fluid Fertilizer’S Role In Sustaining Soils Used For Bio-Fuels Production, John L. Kovar, Douglas L. Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Fast pyrolysis is optimized for production of bio-oil. Product yields are typically ~65% bio-oil, 20% biochar, 15% syngas.

Project Objective

To investigate N, P, K, and S dynamics in a comprehensive residue removal, tillage, and nutrient management study

Project Treatments

*Residue removal: 0, 50%, 90%

*Tillage: chisel plow, no-till

*Nutrient management: conventional (30K plants/A), high input (44K plants/A)

•Bio-char: 0, 4.32 tons/A, 8.25 tons/A

•Cover crops: annual, perennial

2009 Soil Test Levels

2009 Nutrient Management

Field Measurements

•Stand counts

•Whole-plant samples at V6

•Ear-leaf samples at mid-silk

•Grain yield and moisture

•Stover yield and moisture

•Grain and stover nutrient content

Nutrient Removal As A Function Of Corn Stover Cutting Height And Cob Harvest, Jane M. F. Johnson, Wally W. Wilhelm, Douglas L. Karlen, David W. Archer, Brian J. Wienhold, David T. Lightle, David Laird, John Baker, Tyson E. Ochsner, Jeff M. Novak, Ardell D. Halvorson, Francisco Arriaga, Nancy Barbour

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One-pass harvest equipment has been developed to collect corn (Zea mays L.) grain, stover, and cobs that can be used as bioenergy feedstock. Nutrients removed in these feedstocks have soil fertility implication and affect feedstock quality. The study objectives were to quantify nutrient concentrations and potential removal as a function of cutting height, plant organ, and physiological stage. Plant samples were collected in 10-cm increments at seven diverse geographic locations at two maturities and analyzed for multiple elements. At grain harvest, nutrient concentration averaged 5.5 gN kg⁻¹, 0.5 gP kg⁻¹, and 6.2 gK kg^{−1 …}

Detection Of Biochar Components For Soil Fertility Using Thz-Tds, E M. Pogson, J Horvat, Roger A. Lewis, S D. Joseph

Faculty of Engineering - Papers (Archive)

Different forms of biochar can have greatly different properties as fertilisers, yet there is no effective screening method to distinguish them. Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy has been used to distinguish various biochars, including Sawdust char, BMC5 with lime char and Saligna char.

Fluid Fertilizer’S Role In Sustaining Soils Used For Bio-Fuels Production, John L. Kovar, Douglas L. Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The short- and long-term effects on soil nutrient cycling, physical properties, and biological activity of striving for higher grain yields and removing crop residues for bio-fuels production must be understood to provide more quantitative crop and soil management guidelines. This study focuses primarily on potassium (K) and sulfur (S) response by corn (Zea mays L.) grown for bio-energy feedstock production. Our objectives for 2009 were to evaluate (i) the performance of several S fertilizers, including liquid ammonium thiosulfate (12-0-0-26S), for corn grown in Iowa, and (ii) the use of surface or subsurface bands of N-P-K-S fluid fertilizers to optimize …

Adjusting Carbon Management Policies To Encourage Renewable, Net-Negative Projects Such As Biochar Sequestration, Darrell A. Fruth, Joseph A. Ponzi

William Mitchell Law Review

No abstract provided.

Foreword, Mehmet K. Konar-Steenberg

William Mitchell Law Review

No abstract provided.

การวิจัยถ่านชีวภาพที่ศูนย์วิจัยถ่านชีวภาพป่าเด็ง (Padeng-Biochar Research Center, Pd-Brc), ทวีวงศ์ ศรีบุรี

Environmental Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Biochar-Amended Soil On The Water Quality Of Greenroof Runoff, Deborah Aileen Beck

Dissertations and Theses

As the numbers of installed greenroofs continue to grow internationally, designing greenroof growing media to reduce the amount of nutrients in the stormwater runoff is becoming essential. Biochar, a carbon-net-negative soil amendment, has been promoted for its ability to retain nutrients in soils and increase soil fertility. This study evaluated the effect on water quality of greenroof runoff after adding biochar to a typical extensive greenroof soil. Prototype greenroof trays with and without 7% biochar (by weight) were planted with sedum or ryegrass, with barren soil trays for controls. The greenroof trays were subjected to two sequential 2.9 in/hr rainfall …

A Comparative Financial Analysis Of Fast Pyrolysis Plants In Southwest Oregon, Colin Brink Sorenson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

There are millions of acres of forestland in the Western United States that could benefit from fuel reduction treatments to improve forest health and reduce wildfire fuels. These treatments generate forest residues that are typically piled and burned. However, with increasing concerns about energy security, high oil prices, air quality from pile burning and climate change, there is great interest in examining ways to economically use these residues as a renewable energy source. Pyrolysis of forest biomass is one method that shows promise, though the financial feasibility of doing so has not been previously investigated. This study presents the expected …

Nmr Investigations Of Biomass-To-Fuel Conversions By Hydrothermal Processes, Wenjia Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Biofuels have gained significant attention as the most promising alternative energy and fuel supply for the near future because of two dominant reasons: first, biofuels are environmentally friendly; and second, they afford a sustainable technology. Biofuels can be synthesized from biomass by several different processes, among which, hydrothermal conversion is considered to be more energy efficient. However, scientific efforts to improve hydrothermal biomass-to-fuel (HT-BTF) conversion efficiencies are severely limited because little is known about the salient reaction mechanisms and intermediates. This study is aimed at a better understanding of the hydrothermal biomass degradation kinetics by advanced NMR spectroscopy and, accordingly, …

Litter-Carbon Dynamics: The Importance Of Decomposition, Accretion, And Sequestration In Understanding Ecosystem Carbon Cycling, Amy Kochsiek

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The atmospheric CO₂ concentration has been increasing since the industrial revolution. A proposed mitigation strategy is sequestering carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems, either in plant biomass or soil organic matter. The litter-C pool is the second largest C pool in agroecosystems post-harvest, and the amount of litter-C loss has been correlated with ecosystem respiration. Yet, the potential importance of the litter pool as one of the major C pools in a system is relatively unknown. We do, however, know that the size of the litter pool can be affected by increases or decreases in both litter-C production and decomposition, …

Agenda: World Energy Justice Conference And Appropriate Technology Arcade, University Of Colorado Boulder. Center For Energy & Environmental Security, University Of Colorado Boulder. School Of Law

World Energy Justice Conference (October 23-24)

The 2009 CEES Energy Justice Conference took place at the University of Colorado Law School on October 23rd and 24th, 2009. It featured 11 sessions, more than 40 speakers, and attracted over 200 attendees. The Conference brought together leading international and U.S. decision-makers in politics, engineering, public health, law, business, economics, and innovators in the sciences to explore how best to address the critical needs of the energy-oppressed poor (EOP) through long-term interdisciplinary action, information sharing, and deployment of appropriate sustainable energy technologies (ASETs).

The Colorado Journal of International Environmental Law & Policy (CJIELP) at the University of Colorado Law …

Leaching Of Mixtures Of Biochar And Fly Ash, Anthony V. Palumbo, Iris Porat, Jana R. Phillips, James E. Amonette

World of Coal Ash Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Pyrolysis Of Agricultural And Forestry Residues Into Bio-Oil, Ran Xu, Lorenzo Ferrante, John Edwards, Franco Berruti, Cedric Briens

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

The pyrolysis of various agricultural wastes (grape residues, dried distillers grains, forestry residue and sugarcane residues) was carried out in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer operating at temperatures ranging from 300oC to 600oC , for vapor residence times ranging from 2 to 20 seconds. Products yields and properties, as well as process heat requirements were determined. The main objective was the optimization of the production of liquid bio-oil without any use of fossil fuel.

The composition of the product gases was measured, from which their heating value was calculated. The liquid bio-oil was recovered with cyclonic condensers and separated …

Biofuels And Biochemicals: Investment Opportunities?, Fernando Preto

Bioenergy - II: Fuels and Chemicals from Renewable Resources

N/A

Proceedings Of The 121st Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science [Program, 2009], Iowa Academy Of Science

Iowa Academy of Science Documents

Contents:

Welcome from our Campus Host --- 3
Program Summary/Timeline --- 4
General Session Presentations --- 6
Symposia Presentations --- 9
Special Events --- 12
Awards Luncheon --- 13
President's Banquet --- 13
ESTA Awards Banquet --- 13
IAS Annual Business Meeting --- 14
Iowa Junior Academy of Science --- 16
Field Trips --- 17
Senior Poster Program --- 19
Section Meeting Programs and Oral Presentations (Alphabetical by Section) --- 24
Abstracts (by Section) --- 31
Author Index --- 65

Fluid Fertilizer’S Role In Sustaining Soils Used For Bio-Fuels Production, John L. Kovar, Douglas Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The short- and long-term effects on soil nutrient cycling, physical properties, and biological activity of striving for higher grain yields and removing crop residues for bio-fuels production must be understood to provide more quantitative crop and soil management guidelines. This study focuses on potassium (K) and sulfur (S) requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) grown for bioenergy feedstock production. Our objectives for 2008 were to: i) evaluate the performance of several S fertilizers, including liquid ammonium thiosulfate (12-0-0-26S), as S sources for corn grown in Iowa, and ii) establish a comprehensive tillage, nutrient management, crop residue removal, and cover …