Forensic Science and Technology Commons^™

Ep And Security Professionals Help In The Fight Against Fraud, Alan Saquella

Publications

Fraud and corruption remain a significant issue for organizations worldwide, with the latest ACFE Report to the Nations indicating that it costs over $300 million, and corruption is one of the most prevalent methods of fraud. The lack of equal application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in other countries due to cultural differences is one reason fraud and corruption persist. However, there are several ways in which organizations can curb the increase in white-collar crime, including the integration of security and executive protection into their fraud prevention strategies.

Some Legal And Practical Challenges In The Investigation Of Cybercrime, Ritz Carr

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), in 2021, the United States lost around $6.9 billion to cybercrime. In 2022, that number grew to over $10.2 billion (IC3, 2022). In one of many efforts to combat cybercrimes, at least 40 states “introduced or considered more than 250 bills or resolutions that deal significantly with cybersecurity” with 24 states officially enacting a total of 41 bills (National Conference on State Legislatures, 2022).

The world of cybercrime evolves each day. Nevertheless, challenges arise when we investigate and prosecute cybercrime, which will be examined in the following collection of essays that highlight …

Evaluation Of Raman Microspectroscopy And Hyperspectral Imaging As A Screening Tool To Determine Optimal Sampling Sites For Dna Recovery From Human Skeletal Remains, Kathleen M. Smith

Master's Theses

Numerous challenges exist with forensic genetic testing of human skeletal remains due to diagenesis patterns in bone microstructure, DNA degradation, and the presence of PCR inhibitors. Diagenesis is the microscopic breakdown of the bone matrix, which consists primarily of mineralized calcium hydroxyapatite and collagen. The process of diagenesis occurs in a heterogeneous, non-uniform manner along the diaphysis of a long bone, and determining the region with the most intact bone microstructure is not possible with the naked eye. Therefore, taking cuttings from the diaphysis for DNA testing is somewhat of a “blind” process, and decades of research and casework have …

The Impact Of Bone Marrow Transplantation On Forensic Human Identification And Genetic Genealogy Testing, Lisa A. Sikop

Master's Theses

Forensic Investigative Genetic Genealogy has rapidly evolved to become a highly effective investigative tool to assist with identifying perpetrators of violent crimes and unidentified human remains. With forensic DNA (STR) analysis, it has previously been researched that a person who has received a bone marrow transplant (BMT) may produce a multi-allelic STR profile, as both the bone marrow donor and the recipients' DNA is present. A multi-allelic STR profile can easily be misinterpreted as a mixture DNA profile, when in fact it is a chimeric DNA profile originating from a single individual. While the impact of chimerism on STR profiles …

Research Trends In Cybercrime And Cybersecurity: A Review Based On Web Of Science Core Collection Database, Ling Wu, Qiong Peng, Michael Lembke

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

Studies on cybercrime and cybersecurity have expanded in both scope and breadth in recent years. This study offers a bibliometric review of research trends in cybercrime and cybersecurity over the past 26 years (1995-2021) based on Web of Science core collection database. Specifically, we examine the growth of scholarship and the expanded scope of subject categories and relevant journals. We also analyze the research collaboration network based on authors’ affiliated institutions and countries. Finally, we identify major topics within the fields, how each topic relates to – and diverges from – one another, and their evolution over time. Overall, we …

New Knowledge, Better Decisions: Promoting Effective Policymaking Through Cybercrime Analysis, Austen D. Givens

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

This editorial introduction will present an overview of the four articles contained in this issue of the International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence and Cybercrime. The articles examine the profiling of hackers, the role of the media in shaping public perceptions of cyberterrorism, research trends in cybersecurity and cybercrime, as well as the impacts of cyberbullying.

Threat Construction And Framing Of Cyberterrorism In The U.S. News Media, Mehmet F. Bastug, Ismail Onat, Ahmet Guler

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

This research aims to explore the influence of news media on the fear of cyberterrorism and how cyberterrorism is framed in the media. Using a mixed-method approach as a research strategy, this paper reports on two studies that explore the influence of news reading on the fear of cyberterrorism. The first study analyzed survey responses from 1,190 participants and found that increased exposure to reading news media was associated with increased fear of cyberterrorism. The second study, built on the first, sought to investigate how cyberterrorism is framed and constructed as a threat by the US local and national newspapers. …

Prevalence And Trends Of Depression Among Cyberbullied Adolescents - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2011 – 2019, Jason Nicholson, Catherine Marcum, George E. Higgins

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

The difference in depression between non-cyberbullied and cyberbullied youth is not well understood. To describe the prevalence and trends in depression among cyberbullied adolescents. Using cross-sectional, nationally-representative data from the YRBS 2011 - 2019, we estimated the prevalence and trends of depression across the total years and within cyberbullied groups that include biological sex and race and ethnicity among adolescents. The results indicated the prevalence of depression was higher among those that were cyberbullied. Within the cyberbullied groups the total trend was higher than the non-cyberbullied, females had a higher prevalence of depression than males, and Hispanics had a higher …

Understanding The Connection Between Hackers And Their Hacks: Analyzing Usdoj Reports For Hacker Profiles, Joshua Gerstenfeld

International Journal of Cybersecurity Intelligence & Cybercrime

Recently, it seems as if hacking-related stories can be found in the news every day. To study, and hopefully prevent, this new type of crime, the field of cyber criminology has emerged. This study adds to the existing cybercrime literature by examining hacking behavior specifically. It determines if there is a relationship between the age, gender, and nationality of hackers and characteristics of the cyberattacks that they perpetrate. To do this, this study analyzes 122 United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) press reports from January 2019 to December 2021. Some key results include the finding that older hackers and international …

Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …

Session 8: Ensemble Of Score Likelihood Ratios For The Common Source Problem, Federico Veneri, Danica M. Ommen

SDSU Data Science Symposium

Machine learning-based Score Likelihood Ratios have been proposed as an alternative to traditional Likelihood Ratios and Bayes Factor to quantify the value of evidence when contrasting two opposing propositions.

Under the common source problem, the opposing proposition relates to the inferential problem of assessing whether two items come from the same source. Machine learning techniques can be used to construct a (dis)similarity score for complex data when developing a traditional model is infeasible, and density estimation is used to estimate the likelihood of the scores under both propositions.

In practice, the metric and its distribution are developed using pairwise comparisons …

Chemical Approach To Tire Mark Analysis, John Lucchi

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Fatal accidents on the road are an unfortunate daily occurrence, with almost 30,000 deaths resulting from hit-and-runs in the USA between 2006 and 2021. The identification of the driver responsible for this road crime can become a challenge. Nonetheless, the accident scene provides a large amount of trace evidence that can prove critical to this matter, one of them being the tire marks. While traditional tire mark analysis is full of physical information helping the reconstruction of the event, additional information can be extracted from the rubber left during the braking event. Each tire model is manufactured with a specific …

Error Rate Determination Of Latent Print Chemistry Via 1d And 2d Gas Chromatography, Jessica Kindell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Latent print evidence collected from crime scenes are analyzed and compared by examiners using the ACE-V protocol (Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation-Verification) to identify potential suspects. However, smudged and poor-quality prints, usually deemed inconclusive, could be utilized for source association or discrimination based on the chemistry of the oils and sweat that comprises the latent print residue (LPR). For this research, LPRs were collected from various places on the face and analyzed via two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D GC-MS), one-dimensional (1D) GC-MS, and direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS). LPR recovery with two common sample preparation methods, derivatization and …

Analysis And Observation Of Decomposition Of Immature Pigs In The Minnesota Winter/Early Spring, Rachael Herbes

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This study analyzes the multiple factors affecting the decomposition of pigs in the Minnesota Winter/Early Spring within the first twelve weeks postmortem. The winters in the Minnesota River Valley can vary in regard to weather patterns and temperature changes. Adding the variable of location and accessibility to the study creates a mix of important research conducted in a less populated area. Pig carcasses were used in lieu of human remains to allow the data to be as close to a real scenario as possible. One pig was placed next to a farm site and the other about a half of …

Judging Firearms Evidence And The Rule 702 Amendments, Brandon Garrett, Nicholas Scurich, Eric Tucker, Hannah Bloom

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Meta-Analysis Of Scent Detection Canines And Potential Factors Influencing Their Success Rates, Molly Marie Jaskinia

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Objective: This is a meta-analysis focused on the success rates of scent detection canines and potential factors that could influence their accuracy. A series of statistical analyses were conducted to determine if certain demographic factors, such as the dog’s gender, age, and breed, have an effect on a scent dog’s accuracy during a search. Or if more circumstantial factors, like the dog’s level of experience in scent work, the type of target scent, and their handler’s awareness of the target’s location, affect the outcome of the search.

Materials and Methods: A dataset was created from 37 different articles consisting of …

Population Variations Of Cheiloscopy Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Observation Pilot Study, Emily Smith Regan, Brenda T. Bradshaw, Ann M. Bruhn, Walter Melvin, Sinjini Sikdar

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler.

Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for …

Cheiloscopy Patterns In Individuals With And Without Parafunctional Oral Habits: A Cross-Sectional Observation Pilot Study, Emily Regan, Brenda Bradshaw, Ann Bruhn, Walter Melvin, Sinjini Sikdar

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose

Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler.

Methods

This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from 66 individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for …

Sentence Length And Perceptions Of Dangerousness As A Function Of Race, Attributional Complexity, And Ability To Meet Bail, Hannah Baldwin

Psychology Theses

Defendant race and ethnicity impact sentencing length decisions, leading to discrimination in the criminal justice system. Aspects of the pretrial process that strongly correlate with a defendant’s socioeconomic status, the use of cash bail, may also influence sentencing length, given the negative stereotypes about individuals of lower socioeconomic statuses. Relatively few studies have explored the impact of cash bail use on sentencing decisions or sought to understand why use of cash bail might influence these decisions. The current study investigates the impact of defendant ability to meet bail (yes v. no) on judgments of sentence length and dangerousness within the …

Evaluation Of Cytokeratin-Specific Antibody And Autofluorescent Signals As Predictors Of Time Since Deposition For Saliva Samples, Dillon Ryder

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

In a forensic investigation, STR profiles generated from biological evidence can frequently be informative to identify an individual or provide an investigative lead. However, STR typing does not provide information to answer activity-level questions which can be highly important to a criminal case, such as the Time Since Deposition (TSD) of biological evidence. Determining the relative time in which a biological sample was left at a crime scene would provide additional information regarding the timeline of a crime and a person of interest’s relationship to the scene. One proposed method of estimating TSD is to use flow cytometry to analyze …