Forensic Science and Technology Commons^™

Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …

Session 8: Ensemble Of Score Likelihood Ratios For The Common Source Problem, Federico Veneri, Danica M. Ommen

SDSU Data Science Symposium

Machine learning-based Score Likelihood Ratios have been proposed as an alternative to traditional Likelihood Ratios and Bayes Factor to quantify the value of evidence when contrasting two opposing propositions.

Under the common source problem, the opposing proposition relates to the inferential problem of assessing whether two items come from the same source. Machine learning techniques can be used to construct a (dis)similarity score for complex data when developing a traditional model is infeasible, and density estimation is used to estimate the likelihood of the scores under both propositions.

In practice, the metric and its distribution are developed using pairwise comparisons …

Chemical Approach To Tire Mark Analysis, John Lucchi

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024

Fatal accidents on the road are an unfortunate daily occurrence, with almost 30,000 deaths resulting from hit-and-runs in the USA between 2006 and 2021. The identification of the driver responsible for this road crime can become a challenge. Nonetheless, the accident scene provides a large amount of trace evidence that can prove critical to this matter, one of them being the tire marks. While traditional tire mark analysis is full of physical information helping the reconstruction of the event, additional information can be extracted from the rubber left during the braking event. Each tire model is manufactured with a specific …

Error Rate Determination Of Latent Print Chemistry Via 1d And 2d Gas Chromatography, Jessica Kindell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Latent print evidence collected from crime scenes are analyzed and compared by examiners using the ACE-V protocol (Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation-Verification) to identify potential suspects. However, smudged and poor-quality prints, usually deemed inconclusive, could be utilized for source association or discrimination based on the chemistry of the oils and sweat that comprises the latent print residue (LPR). For this research, LPRs were collected from various places on the face and analyzed via two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D GC-MS), one-dimensional (1D) GC-MS, and direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS). LPR recovery with two common sample preparation methods, derivatization and …

Analysis And Observation Of Decomposition Of Immature Pigs In The Minnesota Winter/Early Spring, Rachael Herbes

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This study analyzes the multiple factors affecting the decomposition of pigs in the Minnesota Winter/Early Spring within the first twelve weeks postmortem. The winters in the Minnesota River Valley can vary in regard to weather patterns and temperature changes. Adding the variable of location and accessibility to the study creates a mix of important research conducted in a less populated area. Pig carcasses were used in lieu of human remains to allow the data to be as close to a real scenario as possible. One pig was placed next to a farm site and the other about a half of …

Footwear Image Quality Classification: Using Subjective Assessments And Objective Image Metrics To Predict Impression Quality, En-Tni Lin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Shoeprints deposited during the commission of a crime vary in quality as a function of numerous factors, such as substrates, media, and the specific physical activities carried out by perpetrators. This variability in impression quality impacts the amount of information available from questioned crime scene impressions, and therefore an examiner's confidence in providing opinions of source attribution. In response, this research attempted to characterize footwear impression quality based on image sharpness, contrast, entropy, homogeneity, noise, quantity of information, and complexity, and to integrate these hand-engineered feature descriptions with subjective opinions of impression quality.

The methodology followed a five-pronged approach. First, …

Meta-Analysis Of Scent Detection Canines And Potential Factors Influencing Their Success Rates, Molly Marie Jaskinia

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Objective: This is a meta-analysis focused on the success rates of scent detection canines and potential factors that could influence their accuracy. A series of statistical analyses were conducted to determine if certain demographic factors, such as the dog’s gender, age, and breed, have an effect on a scent dog’s accuracy during a search. Or if more circumstantial factors, like the dog’s level of experience in scent work, the type of target scent, and their handler’s awareness of the target’s location, affect the outcome of the search.

Materials and Methods: A dataset was created from 37 different articles consisting of …

Population Variations Of Cheiloscopy Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Observation Pilot Study, Emily Smith Regan, Brenda T. Bradshaw, Ann M. Bruhn, Walter Melvin, Sinjini Sikdar

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler.

Methods This IRB approved blinded cross-sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from sixty-six individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for …

Sentence Length And Perceptions Of Dangerousness As A Function Of Race, Attributional Complexity, And Ability To Meet Bail, Hannah Baldwin

Psychology Theses

Defendant race and ethnicity impact sentencing length decisions, leading to discrimination in the criminal justice system. Aspects of the pretrial process that strongly correlate with a defendant’s socioeconomic status, the use of cash bail, may also influence sentencing length, given the negative stereotypes about individuals of lower socioeconomic statuses. Relatively few studies have explored the impact of cash bail use on sentencing decisions or sought to understand why use of cash bail might influence these decisions. The current study investigates the impact of defendant ability to meet bail (yes v. no) on judgments of sentence length and dangerousness within the …

Evaluation Of Cytokeratin-Specific Antibody And Autofluorescent Signals As Predictors Of Time Since Deposition For Saliva Samples, Dillon Ryder

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

In a forensic investigation, STR profiles generated from biological evidence can frequently be informative to identify an individual or provide an investigative lead. However, STR typing does not provide information to answer activity-level questions which can be highly important to a criminal case, such as the Time Since Deposition (TSD) of biological evidence. Determining the relative time in which a biological sample was left at a crime scene would provide additional information regarding the timeline of a crime and a person of interest’s relationship to the scene. One proposed method of estimating TSD is to use flow cytometry to analyze …

Horizontal And Vertical Transmission Of Microbes Associated With Blow Flies Of Forensic Importance, Gabrielle Alisa Burton

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Entomological and microbiological evidence can be used in the estimation of postmortem intervals (PMI). This study observes the horizontal and vertical transmission of the microbial community associated with blow flies of forensic importance. Variable region four (V4) of the 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) was amplified and sequenced from various life stages of blow flies (n=72) using dual-index high throughput sequencing strategy on the MiSeq FGx platform. No significant difference in bacterial community structure was observed between blowfly adults with carrion access and blowfly adults with no carrion access. Dysgonomonas, unclassified Proteobacteria, Escherichia, Ignatzschia, Providencia, …

Bones As An Alternative Matrix For The Detection Of New Synthetic Opioids In Cold Cases: Introducing New Animal Models For Bone:Blood Correlation Studies, Kala N. Babb

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Introduction: The growing opioid epidemic in North America presents a call to action to develop new techniques for the identification and quantitation of novel synthetic opioids in uncommon matrices. In instances of extreme decomposition and/or significant scavenging, bone may be the only matrix available. In order to develop an extraction method for synthetic opioids in bone, bone samples were obtained from animal models. The animal model of choice is the rabbit due to their exhibition of spontaneous cortical bone remodeling, a process that is exhibited in humans but not in rats and mice.

Methods: An extraction method was developed to …

Assessment Of The Acidified Hydrogen Peroxide Method On Uncontrolled Fired Cartridge Case Samples, Kylie S. Richardson

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

The use of fingerprints to identify individuals in forensic cases has been useful for many years due to the persistence and individuality of the prints. In addition, the presence of firearms in forensic casework is steadily increasing over the years. This study aims to expand upon prior research in the development and recovery of latent prints on fired, brass ammunition using an acidified hydrogen peroxide method. Although latent prints are left on the cartridge casing of ammunition during the handling and loading of ammunition into the firearm, it is hypothesized that the pressure within the barrel of the firearm during …

Investigation Into The Relationship Between Dna Content And Dna Yield Prediction And Presence Of A Multiple Contributor Cell Population In Trace Dna, Sarah Holton Roisch

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Due to advancements in DNA analysis technology and an increased ability to detect trace quantities of low template DNA, ‘touch’ or trace DNA has become a prevalent form of evidence for forensic investigations. Trace DNA is biological material left on a surface from skin cells after being touched or handled. The success rate of casework could be improved with new methods to non-destructively screen trace DNA to predict DNA yield and whether multiple cell populations are present in the evidence prior to STR analysis. Current methods of trace DNA analysis require quantifying the sample with qPCR followed by STR analysis, …

Optimization Of Microfluidic Device Methodology For Optical Trapping Epithelial Cells In A Mixture, Brittney N. Hackworth

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Evidence containing biological mixtures can make DNA interpretation more difficult due to ambiguous allele calls and artifacts that may be present within electropherograms. Separating out these cell mixtures can be advantageous to the analysts’ analysis methods for identifying STR profiles with higher accuracy. A potential cell separation method that could be implemented in the beginning of the forensic DNA workflow is optical trapping.

This research utilized a 5W ytterbium linearly polarized laser split into two optical traps, paired with a microfluidic device to isolate spermatozoa and vaginal epithelial cells from a 1:1 mixture of vaginal fluid and 1:20 diluted seminal …

Comparison Of Cell Counts To Dna Yield In Mock Biological Evidence Samples, Jacob Sewell

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

The implementation of rapid DNA analysis systems is of interest to forensic DNA casework, as this technology exhibits a sample-to-profile time of approximately two hours with limited handling of samples. This decreases the likelihood of contamination, and can potentially reduce DNA backlogs; however, current rapid DNA analysis systems do not execute one crucial step of the forensic DNA analysis workflow: human DNA quantitation. This step is necessary for DNA profiles to be compliant with the FBI’s Quality Assurance Standard 9.4, allowing DNA profiles to be uploaded and searched within the CODIS database. Coupling traditional qPCR methods with rapid DNA analysis …

Development And Validation Of Microrna Markers For Forensic Body Fluid Identification Using Rt-Qpcr, Jane Goble

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Body fluid identification is one of the first and most fundamental steps in the forensic DNA workflow. It allows analysts to determine where a sample might exist on an item of evidence, as well as the type of sample that they are dealing with. However, current serological methods have been documented to produce false or inaccurate results in some cases, and may consume large amounts of sample during processing. Molecular methods, such as the use of microRNA and microbial profiles have been introduced as a means to increase specificity of testing, and have even been combined into a singular assay …

Evaluation Of Direct-To-Amplification Cell Lysis Techniques For Forensically Relevant Non-Sperm Cells, Rhea Arya

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

While efforts have been made to reduce the pervasive backlog of sexual assault evidence collection kits, the actual laboratory process remains very time-consuming due to the requirement of a differential lysis step before DNA purification, as well as intricate mixture analysis towards the end of the DNA workflow. Previous work in the Dawson Green laboratory at VCU has developed alternative solutions for differential extractions with sexual assault samples using both an in-tube and microdevice assay. Prior work led to the identification of an alternative sperm lysis method – alkaline lysis using 1M NaOH. However, the current lysis method used for …

Evaluation Of The Age Of Evidence In Mock Biological Touch Evidence Samples, Emma P. Hirst

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

As more sensitive DNA profiling techniques have been developed, questions about how and when the DNA was deposited have become a driving issue in forensic casework. Image flow cytometry (IFC) offers a way to estimate the time since deposition (TSD) of trace DNA samples based on individual cells' morphological and autofluorescence properties. Previous work has shown that a TSD can be determined from a single contributor in touch samples. To determine if TSD could be correctly estimated for mixtures containing a fresh deposit (less than a week old) and an older deposit, this project characterized a series of samples that …

Analysis Of Forensic Relevant Cell Mixtures Using Cellular Autofluorescence And Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (Facs), Shayla Smith

Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects

Biological mixtures containing DNA from more than one contributor can make DNA profile interpretation challenging, especially for ‘touch’ or trace biological evidence. One approach to improve this is by differentiating cell populations from separate individuals prior to DNA profiling by utilizing intrinsic features of cells such as size, shape, and biochemical profiles. The goal of this study was to develop a new method for detecting and separating contributor populations in biological mixture samples using flow cytometry, a rapid and non-destructive approach with an unexplored potential for forensic casework. To accomplish this, two different mixture systems were investigated (1) mixtures containing …