Toward A Framework For Systematic Error Modeling Of Spaceborne Precipitation Radar With Noaa/Nssl Ground Radar Based National Mosaic Qpe,
2012
University of Oklahoma
Toward A Framework For Systematic Error Modeling Of Spaceborne Precipitation Radar With Noaa/Nssl Ground Radar Based National Mosaic Qpe, Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter, Y. Hong, J. J. Gourley, S. Chen, Z. Flamig, J. Zhang, M. Schwaller, W. Peterson, Eyal Amitai
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Characterization of the error associated with satellite rainfall estimates is a necessary component of deterministic and probabilistic frameworks involving spaceborne passive and active microwave measurements for applications ranging from water budget studies to forecasting natural hazards related to extreme rainfall events. The authors focus here on the error structure of NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) at ground. The problem is addressed by comparison of PR QPEs with reference values derived from ground-based measurements using NOAA/NSSL ground radar based National Mosaic and QPE system (NMQ/Q2). A preliminary investigation of this subject has been …
Marine Snow Formation In The Aftermath Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill In The Gulf Of Mexico,
2012
University of California, Santa Barbara
Marine Snow Formation In The Aftermath Of The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill In The Gulf Of Mexico, Uta Passow, K. Ziervogel, V. Asper, A. Diercks
Faculty Publications
The large marine snow formation event observed in oil-contaminated surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) after the Deepwater Horizon accident possibly played a key role in the fate of the surface oil. We characterized the unusually large and mucus-rich marine snow that formed and conducted roller table experiments to investigate their formation mechanisms. Once marine snow lost its buoyancy, its sinking velocity, porosity and excess density were then similar to those of diatom or miscellaneous aggregates. The hydrated density of the component particles of the marine snow from the GoM was remarkably variable, suggesting a wide variety of …
Standardized Precipitation Index: User Guide,
2012
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Standardized Precipitation Index: User Guide, Mark Svoboda, Michael Hayes, Deborah Wood
National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications
Over the years, there has been much discussion on what drought indices should be used in a particular climate and for what application. Many drought definitions and indices have been developed and attempts have been made to provide some guidance on this issue. With this in mind, the Interregional Workshop on Indices and Early Warning Systems for Drought was organized and held at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States of America, from 8 to 11 December 2009. It was jointly sponsored by the School of Natural Resources (SNR) of the University of Nebraska, the United States National Drought Mitigation Center …
Net Ecosystem Production (Nep) Of The Great Plains, United States,
2012
U.S. Geological Survey
Net Ecosystem Production (Nep) Of The Great Plains, United States, Daniel Howard, Tagir Gilmanov, Yingxin Gu, Bruce Wylie, Li Zhang
Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications
Gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) are the fundamental environmental characteristics that promote carbon exchanges with the atmosphere (Chapin and others, 2009), although other exchanges of carbon, such as direct oxidation (Lovett and others, 2006), can modify net ecosystem production (NEP). The accumulation of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems results in systems in which soil organic matter (SOM) carbon often exceeds biomass carbon (Post and Kwon, 2000). This SOM pool exists at a steady state between GPP and Re in ecosystems unless drivers change or the ecosystem endures environmental perturbations (for example, climatic). As indicated by Wilhelm and others …
End-To-End Models: Management Applications,
2012
Old Dominion University
End-To-End Models: Management Applications, John H. Steele, Eileen E. Hofmann, Dian J. Gifford
CCPO Publications
Preface to the 2012 issue of Progress in Oceanography.
The Rise And Fall Of Crassostrea Virginica Oyster Reefs: The Role Of Disease And Fishing In Their Demise And A Vignette On Their Management,
2012
Old Dominion University
The Rise And Fall Of Crassostrea Virginica Oyster Reefs: The Role Of Disease And Fishing In Their Demise And A Vignette On Their Management, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Kathryn Ashton-Alcox, Eileen E. Hofmann, Jason Morson
CCPO Publications
We describe a model designed to simulate the shell carbonate budget of an oyster reef.We identify five parameters descriptive of basic characteristics of the shell carbonate budget of a reef that limit simulation accuracy. Two describe the TAZ (taphonomically-active zone) and the distribution of shell carbonate within it. One is the taphonomic rate in the TAZ. Two determine the volume contribution of shell carbonate and the taphonomic loss rate within the reef framework. For Mid-Atlantic estuaries, model simulations suggest that reef accretion only occurs if oyster abundance is near carrying capacity. Simulations further suggest that reef accretion is infeasible for …
Circulation And Behavior Controls On Dispersal Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larvae In Delaware Bay,
2012
Old Dominion University
Circulation And Behavior Controls On Dispersal Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Larvae In Delaware Bay, Diego A. Narvaez, John M. Klinck, Eric N. Powell, Eileen E. Hofmann, John Wilkin, Dale B. Haidvogel
CCPO Publications
The degree of genetic connectivity among populations in a metapopulation has direct consequences for species evolution, development of disease resistance, and capacity of a metapopulation to adapt to climate change. This study used a metapopulation model that integrates population dynamics, dispersal, and genetics within an individual-based model framework to examine the mechanisms and dynamics of genetic connectivity within a metapopulation. The model was parameterized to simulate four populations of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from Delaware Bay on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Differences among the four populations include a strong spatial gradient in mortality, a spatial gradient …
Superstorm Sandy Changed The Shape Of Connecticut,
2012
University of Connecticut - Avery Point
Superstorm Sandy Changed The Shape Of Connecticut, Peg Vanpatten
Wrack Lines
Superstorm Sandy, followed quickly by a Nor'easter, arrived in our region just in time to cancel Halloween. While the wind wasn't up to hurricane strength in most of Connecticut, its storm surges and high winds still caused plenty of damage.
Investigation Of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter And Dissolved Organic Carbon Using Combination Of Ocean Color Data And Numerical Model In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico,
2012
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Investigation Of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter And Dissolved Organic Carbon Using Combination Of Ocean Color Data And Numerical Model In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Nazanin Chaichitehrani
LSU Master's Theses
The first part of this thesis includes evaluating and developing empirical band ratio algorithms for the estimation of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS ocean color sensors for the northern Gulf of Mexico. For CDOM, matchup comparison between SeaWiFS-derived CDOM absorption coefficients and in situ absorption measurements at 412 nm (aCDOM(412)) were examined using the D’Sa et al. (2006) and the Mannino et al. (2008) algorithms. These reflectance band ratio algorithms were also assessed to retrieve aCDOM(412) from MODIS and MERIS data using the Rrs(488)/Rrs(555) and Rrs(510)/Rrs(560) band ratios, respectively. Since …
Wet, Wild & Convivial? Investigating Australia’S Ocean Pools,
2012
Edith Cowan University
Wet, Wild & Convivial? Investigating Australia’S Ocean Pools, Marie-Louise Mcdermott
ECU Research Week
No abstract provided.
Eukaryotic Microbes In The Deep Sea: Abundance, Diversity, And The Effect Of Pressure,
2012
Old Dominion University
Eukaryotic Microbes In The Deep Sea: Abundance, Diversity, And The Effect Of Pressure, Danielle Morgan-Smith
OES Theses and Dissertations
The dark ocean is vast, high in pressure, cold, and scarce in resources, but has been shown to support a diverse and active microbial community wherever it is studied. Such studies, however, are scarce due to the difficulty of sampling at such depths, and are difficult to interpret due to compounding effects of pressure and temperature on physiology. Protists, functionally defined as the microbial portion of the domain Eukarya, are particularly neglected in studies of deep-sea microbiology. Here, I present three studies on microbial eukaryotes in the deep sea: first, a study of the abundance of microbial eukaryotes in the …
Variability And Trends Of Aerosol Properties Over Kanpur, Northern India Using Aeronet Data (2001–10),
2012
Sharda University, India
Variability And Trends Of Aerosol Properties Over Kanpur, Northern India Using Aeronet Data (2001–10), Dimitris G. Kaskaoutis, Ramesh P. Singh, Ritesh Gautam, Manish Sharma, P. G. Kosmopoulos, S. N. Tripathi
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Natural and anthropogenic aerosols over northern India play an important role in influencing the regional radiation budget, causing climate implications to the overall hydrological cycle of South Asia. In the context of regional climate change and air quality, we discuss aerosol loading variability and trends at Kanpur AERONET station located in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), during the last decade (2001-10). Ground-based radiometric measurements show an overall increase in column-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) on a yearly basis. This upward trend is mainly due to a sustained increase in the seasonal/monthly averaged AOD during the winter (Dec-Feb) …
Establishing Baseline Nutrient And Sediment Input In The Lower Cache River Watershed, Ar,
2012
Arkansas State University
Establishing Baseline Nutrient And Sediment Input In The Lower Cache River Watershed, Ar, A. M. Gilmer, C. A. Rosado-Berrios, J. L. Bouldin
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Contaminants in waterways continue to be a problem especially in watersheds dominated by land use changes such as agriculture. Clearing the land for agricultural use is needed to support the population; however, agricultural contaminants are cited as contributing the greatest input of suspended solids and nutrients to waterways. Quantifying various contaminants in surface water is useful in determining their origin, thus aiding in their mitigation. This study, focused on the Cache River Watershed, reports pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), NO3 - , NO2 - , and PO4 3- in the lower sub watersheds. It was …
State Of The River Report For The Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida: Water Quality, Fisheries, Aquatic Life, And Contaminants 2012,
2012
University of North Florida
State Of The River Report For The Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida: Water Quality, Fisheries, Aquatic Life, And Contaminants 2012, Environmental Protection Board, City Of Jacksonville, University Of North Florida, Jacksonville University
State of the River Report
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Hurricane Forward Speed And Approach Angle On Coastal Storm Surge,
2012
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effect Of Hurricane Forward Speed And Approach Angle On Coastal Storm Surge, Chenguang Zhang
LSU Master's Theses
Hurricane induced storm surges can be destructive and can pose great threats to coastal communities. There are many factors affecting storm surges, including the hurricane’s intensity and movement, the bathymetry and coastline of affected area, rainfall, tide, and river stage. This thesis focuses on the effects of hurricane approach angle (θ) and forward speed (U), which together describe the hurricane’s motion. The problem is approached through several numerical experiments with increasing complexity. First are some process studies of long wave propagations near the coast, followed by examination of the generation of long waves by a traveling wind field. The central …
Nitrogen Biogeochemistry In A Restored Mississippi River Delta: A Modeling Approach,
2012
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Nitrogen Biogeochemistry In A Restored Mississippi River Delta: A Modeling Approach, Benjamin Lee Branoff
LSU Master's Theses
There is evidence that significant reductions (about 50%) in surface water nitrate concentrations within coastal deltaic wetlands receiving diverted Mississippi River water can be contributed to denitrification. Yet there is also contrasting evidence that other processes could be responsible for this nitrate reduction. As Louisiana plans the implementation of major Mississippi River sediment diversions, a thorough understanding of nitrogen dynamics is necessary to reduce risks of coastal eutrophication and offshore hypoxia. A mechanistic numerical computer model has been developed to simulate nitrogen biogeochemistry within the wetlands of the prograding Wax Lake Delta. This model is calibrated to observed fluxes within …
The Effects Of Carbon On Nitrogen Transformations In Restored Wetland And Wastewater Soils,
2012
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
The Effects Of Carbon On Nitrogen Transformations In Restored Wetland And Wastewater Soils, Jared M. Theriot
LSU Master's Theses
Since the industrialization of the Haber-Bosch process in the 1940’s, anthropogenic activity has nearly doubled the Earth’s nitrogen fixation. Furthermore, nitrate has become the number one groundwater contaminant in the United States and has harmful effects such as eutrophication, algal blooms, and pollution of drinking water. Soils from two sites influenced by high nitrate loading were examined to determine their biogeochemical integrity. First, the Loosahatchie Bar, located northwest of Memphis, Tennessee, is influenced by excess surface water nitrate loading by the Mississippi River. The Loosahatchie Bar is a newly restored wetland that now has similar hydrologic influence to an upstream …
Biomass And Mass Balance Isotope Content Of Mussel Seep Populations,
2012
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Biomass And Mass Balance Isotope Content Of Mussel Seep Populations, Philip Martin Riekenberg
LSU Master's Theses
Cold seep mussels, Bathymodiolus childressi, are common cold seep constituents that form large populations at upper continental slope (500-1000 m) cold seep sites in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. These mussels utilize methane present through symbiotic relationships with methanotrophic bacteria. This study uses a coupled isotope technique to determine the relative incorporation of respiratory carbon in the shell as a measure of the availability of methane between different seep sites. This method indicates a higher abundance of methane at the Brine Pool site than at the Bush Hill site which appears significantly more resource limited and that changes in methane …
Effects Of Mimic Artificial Oyster Reefs On The Ecology Of Juvenile Fishes In Marsh Ponds: A Before-After-Control-Impact Analysis,
2012
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Effects Of Mimic Artificial Oyster Reefs On The Ecology Of Juvenile Fishes In Marsh Ponds: A Before-After-Control-Impact Analysis, Steven B. Garner
LSU Master's Theses
I sought to assess the enhancement potential of mimic artificial oyster reefs (MAORs) on trophic dynamics of juvenile estuarine fishes in marsh ponds. Tropic dynamics were investigated by determining the impacts of MAOR addition on meiofauna and macrofauna and then comparing these results to the gut contents and condition of four abundant estuarine fishes: Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), bay whiff (Citharichthys spilopterus), sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius), and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides). Samples were collected every other month for two years (March 2009 – 11) employing a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design. Halfway through the experiment (March 2010), two mud sites in two marsh …
An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - Oysters And Estuaries,
2012
Old Dominion University
An Introduction To Ecology Of Infectious Diseases - Oysters And Estuaries, Eileen E. Hofmann, Susan E. Ford
OES Faculty Publications
Infectious diseases are recognized as an important factor regulating marine ecosystems (Harvell et al., 1999, 2002, 2004; Porter et al., 2001; McCallum et al., 2004; Ward and Lafferty, 2004; Stewart et al., 2008; Bienfang et al., 2011). Many of the organisms affected by marine diseases have important ecological roles in estuarine and coastal environments and some are also commercially important. Outbreaks of infectious diseases in these environments, referred to as epizootics, can produce significant population declines and extinctions, both of which threaten biodiversity, food web interactions, and ecosystem productivity (Harvell et al., 2002, 2004).
