Cover Crops Can Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From
No-Till Maize In Southern Brazil: Insights From A Long-Term
Field Experiment,
2025
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
Cover Crops Can Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From No-Till Maize In Southern Brazil: Insights From A Long-Term Field Experiment, Guilherme Rosa Da Silva, Adam J. Liska, Cimélio Bayer
Adam Liska Papers
Brazil is one of the countries that has the most agricultural area under no-till (NT) management. This research study aims to evaluate life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from maize (M) grain production in agroecosystems that used different cover crops under NT management in southern Brazil. The data for this study were from a long-term 41-year field experiment in southern Brazil. The long-term experiment evaluated the effects of fallow (F) and cover crops (oat (O), vetch (V), cowpea (B), pigeon pea (P), and lablab (L)) on nitrous oxide and methane emissions and soil carbon (C) sequestration in maize agroecosystems. Five cropping …
Investigating The Thermal Stratification Patterns Of A Shallow Polymictic Boreal Shield Lake And The Effectiveness Of Models In Predicting Shallow Lake Thermal Profiles,
2025
Wilfrid Laurier University
Investigating The Thermal Stratification Patterns Of A Shallow Polymictic Boreal Shield Lake And The Effectiveness Of Models In Predicting Shallow Lake Thermal Profiles, Matthew Roberts
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Thermal stratification is a core process of lakes which plays a critical role in shaping the ecological dynamics of lakes, influencing major processes like nutrient cycling and oxygen availability. For shallow polymictic lakes, thermal stratification patterns present some unique differences due to the complex and variable nature of these lakes. In this thesis, I examined thermal stratification in a shallow polymictic lake in northwestern Ontario during the ice-free season of 2019 to investigate the frequency, duration, and driving factors of thermal stratification. The lake underwent 146 separate stratification events, with a median duration of 2 hours per event, with a …
Heterotrophy Of Particulate Organic Matter Subsidies Contributes To Divergent Bleaching Responses In Tropical Sclaractinian Corals,
2025
University of Rhode Island
Heterotrophy Of Particulate Organic Matter Subsidies Contributes To Divergent Bleaching Responses In Tropical Sclaractinian Corals, Connor R. Love, Kelly E. Speare, Michael D. Fox, Veronica Z. Radice, Kelton W. Mcmahon, Gretchen E. Hofmann,, David L. Valentine, Marie E. Strader
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Heterotrophic feeding on plankton and particulate organic matter (POM) by tropical Scleractinian corals is known to aid in the resistance and recovery from thermally induced bleaching. However, the relative importance of heterotrophy in promoting bleaching resistance and recovery is likely to vary based on ecological context and the severity of heat stress. In 2019, the Pacific Island of Mo'orea experienced mass coral mortality during a widespread marine heatwave. Many Acropora hyacinthus colonies on the shallow reef slope (5 m) were resistant to bleaching, while colonies on the deeper fore reef (14 m) often bleached and subsequently recovered, despite similar thermal …
Analyzing Microbial Communities In Porites Astreoides,
2025
Old Dominion University
Analyzing Microbial Communities In Porites Astreoides, Sanaa Caldwell, Katie Parker, Daniel Barshis
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Coral reefs are vital marine ecosystems that support many different species and ecosystem services through protecting coastlines from storms and erosion, providing raw materials for medication, and facilitating diversity amongst marine species. Anthropogenic climate change is causing ocean temperatures to exceed the range of coral thermal tolerance resulting in more coral bleaching events globally. However, some corals have the capacity to withstand high temperatures through different thermal tolerance strategies. A balanced microbial community plays a critical role in coral health and recent studies have indicated that a balanced microbiome is associated with temperature-stress tolerant corals. Yet, there is a severe …
A Blueprint To Greener Shorelines: Advancing The Effectiveness, Sustainability, And Widespread Adoption Of Coastal Nature-Based Solutions Through Transdisciplinary Research,
2025
Old Dominion University
A Blueprint To Greener Shorelines: Advancing The Effectiveness, Sustainability, And Widespread Adoption Of Coastal Nature-Based Solutions Through Transdisciplinary Research, Taylor M. Sloey, Sierra Hildebrandt, Rebecca L. Morris, Matthew V. Bilskie, Aaron Bland, David Bushek, Gabriella Dipetto, Daniel Elefant, Vincent Encomio, Ramin Familkhalili, Christine Hladik, Danielle Kreeger, Avery B. Paxton, Cindy M. Palinkas, Latina Steele, Andrew Scheld, Daisuke Taira, Jason D. Toft, Armando J. Ubeda, Christine Whitcraft, Donna Marie Bilkovic
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Coastal nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as powerful tools to enhance sustainable development and ecological restoration goals. As a rapidly growing field spanning across social, political, ecological, economic, and engineering disciplines, it is critical that researchers working in coastal NbS regularly attempt to identify emerging focal areas for scientific inquiry. Following the 27th Biennial meeting of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation, we provide a transdisciplinary perspective (including biologists, engineers, oceanographers, geoscientists, economists, and facilitators of workforce training programs) of pertinent research questions that, if answered, will advance the effectiveness, sustainability, and widespread adoption of coastal NbS. These suggestions for …
Thermal Tolerance Limits Of Mesophotic Corals In American Samoa,
2025
Old Dominion University
Thermal Tolerance Limits Of Mesophotic Corals In American Samoa, Daniel Barshis, Veronica Z. Radice, Katherine E. Parker, Nicholas Evensen
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We analyzed the thermal tolerances of multiple coral species from an upper mesophotic (38–40m) and a shallow reef (5–10m) with our portable Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS). Depth generalist Montipora grisea (deep and shallow) and depth specialists Pachyseris speciosa and Leptoseris sp. (deep only) were assayed from Leone, located on the western coast of Tutuila in American Samoa. Fragments from 10 genotypes of each species were exposed to a 17-hour thermal stress assay reaching four maximum temperatures ranging from 30–38°C under in situ light conditions (150 μmol photons m−² s−¹ under a Lee Filters “deep …
High Temporal Resolution Gene Expression Analysis Of Acute Heat Stress Response In Acropora Cervicornis And Porites Astreoides,
2025
Old Dominion University
High Temporal Resolution Gene Expression Analysis Of Acute Heat Stress Response In Acropora Cervicornis And Porites Astreoides, Katherine Parker, Nicolas Evensen, Iliana Baums, Daniel Barshis
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Widespread coral bleaching and mortality events are becoming increasingly frequent due to rising ocean temperatures, though certain coral species and populations have displayed higher tolerance to elevated emperatures than others. As such, it is of high research priority to identify thermally tolerant coral populations for research and conservation and assess the biological mechanisms allowing these populations to survive exposure to higher temperatures. This research utilized the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS), a portable experimental aquaria system with precise temperature manipulation, to assess the thermal thresholds and heat stress response of two coral species from Summerland Key, FL, USA. Seven …
A Multispecies, Multisite Assessment Of Coral Thermal Tolerances In American Samoa, Using Acute Heat Stress Assays,
2025
Old Dominion University
A Multispecies, Multisite Assessment Of Coral Thermal Tolerances In American Samoa, Using Acute Heat Stress Assays, Ponchanok Weeriyanun, Nicolas R. Evensen, Katherine E. Parker, Veronica Z. Radice, Daniel J. Barshis
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Reef-building corals are being impacted by increasing seawater temperatures, with marine heatwaves leading to mass bleaching events and extensive mortality. However, corals can display variation in thermal tolerance, both within and among species. In this study, we sampled four coral species (Acropora hyacinthus, Montipora grisea, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Porites lobata) from two sites on Tutuila, American Samoa, with contrasting environmental regimes but similar Maximum Monthly Means (MMM). Coral fragments were subjected to short-term acute heat stress experiments using the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS). PAM Fluorometry was used to measure the symbiont’s effective quantum yield (Fv/Fm) following heat stress …
The Pluralistic Natural Capital Values Of A Tropical City,
2025
Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS)
The Pluralistic Natural Capital Values Of A Tropical City, Adrienne Grêt-Regamey, Justine Saunders, Peter Edwards, Daniel Richards, Jahson I. Alemu, Natasha Bhatia, Roman Carrasco, Zuzana Drillet, Tze Kwan Fung, Yan Feng Leon Gaw, Wanggi Jaung, Andrea Law, Rachel Ai Ting Leong, Aikeen Youu Ming Lim, Mahyar Masoudi, Yudhishthra Nathan, Rachel Rui Ying Oh, Wen Ting Ooi, Fairul Edros Ahmad Shaikh Shaikh, Xiao Ping Song, Claudia L.Y. Tan, Puay Yok Tan, Sergio Wicki, Lynn-Wei Wong, Yanyun Yan, Erik Yando, Alex Thiam Koon Yee, Jingyuan Zhang, Daniel A. Friess
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Nature in cities is essential for human well-being. Quantifying and valuing the goods and services provided by nature to city dwellers is missing in tropical contexts. Yet, as cities worldwide face similar challenges, understanding the services provided by tropical urban ecosystems becomes imperative for effective management. Here, we present the first Natural Capital Assessment of a tropical city, unveiling three critical insights. Firstly, we demonstrate the vital reliance of a developed tropical city on nature, particularly for climate change mitigation through regulating services. Secondly, we identify intact natural areas as Singapore’s most valuable assets, stressing the significance of the quality …
Low Salinities Impair Heat Tolerance And Alter Reproductive Traits With No Implications For Survival In A Marine Annelid From Coastal Habitats,
2025
Old Dominion University
Low Salinities Impair Heat Tolerance And Alter Reproductive Traits With No Implications For Survival In A Marine Annelid From Coastal Habitats, Gabrielle Newton, Gloria Massamba-N'Siala
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Climate change is expected to intensify salinity and temperature fluctuations in estuarine and coastal habitats. However, the impact of salinity variation on ectotherms’ thermal tolerance remains underexplored, limiting our understanding of the interplay between these stressors. This study investigated salinity-dependent changes in life history traits (survival, growth rate, fecundity, and egg size) over a 33-day exposure to a salinity gradient (12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 35, 40, 45, 50) in the marine annelid Ophryotrocha labronica. Individuals that survived the salinity treatments were assessed for their upper and lower thermal tolerance limits. Female individuals, the target of the study, exhibited …
Future-Oriented Coastal Protection: The Utility Of Living Shorelines Under Changing Climatic Conditions,
2025
Old Dominion University
Future-Oriented Coastal Protection: The Utility Of Living Shorelines Under Changing Climatic Conditions, Gabriella R. Dipetto, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Taylor M. Sloey, Erik S. Yando, Erik L. Walters
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
An accumulation of novel nature-based shoreline management techniques have developed over the past two decades out of the continued need to protect waterfront land combined with an awareness of the relationship between healthy coastal ecosystems and human societies. Shoreline protection strategies such as living shorelines incorporate these nature-based approaches to simultaneously enhance ecosystem functioning while providing shoreline stabilization benefits. The continued role of these approaches into the future, however, will be challenged by a rapidly changing coastal environment. While living shorelines have received global attention and integration into climate policy and governance frameworks, the ability of shoreline systems to withstand …
Summer Temperature Maxima Already Challenge Thermal Capacities Of Coral In The Southern Persian/Arabian Gulf,
2025
University of Konstanz
Summer Temperature Maxima Already Challenge Thermal Capacities Of Coral In The Southern Persian/Arabian Gulf, Rachel Alderdice, Gabriela Perna, Hannah Manns, Anna Fiesinger, Luigi Colin, Kathryn Stankiewicz, Kelly Gomez-Campo, Samantha Goyen, Line Bayse, Nitin Baliga, Jake Valenzuela, Iliana B. Baums, Daniel J. Barshis, John A. Burt, Christian R. Voolstra
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The future of coral reefs remains uncertain as intensifying ocean warming continues to drive coral decline and demise worldwide. Corals occurring in extreme environments such as the Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG), the world’s warmest sea, represent a promising resource to study the genetic architecture of thermal tolerance. However, their thermal capacities remain unresolved. We applied short-term heat stress assays using the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) to determine signatures of thermal tolerance from three common species (Porites harrisoni, Platygyra daedalea, and Cyphastrea microphthalma) across three sites (two in the extreme southern PAG and a more benign …
Numerical Simulation Of The Fracture Resistance Of A Flame Deflector Under Impact And High Temperature By Using The Extended Finite-Element Method,
2025
College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China, 200135;
Numerical Simulation Of The Fracture Resistance Of A Flame Deflector Under Impact And High Temperature By Using The Extended Finite-Element Method, Guangzhong Liu, Yuqing Feng, Tong Lin, Zhixin Xiong, Zhenting Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
During the launch of rockets at sea, the flame deflector of the launch platform is subject to transient impact loads and high temperatures, which can result in the fracturing of the flame deflector, thereby endangering the platform and launch safety. In this study, dynamic crack propagation in a flame deflector under the aforementioned conditions was numerically investigated using the extended finite-element method (XFEM). The bulk of the flame deflector was modeled using shell elements, the local area in which the crack evolves was modeled using solid elements, and discontinuities were modeled using enrichment functions in the XFEM. The degrees of …
Overseas Agent Selection For International Logistics Companies: A Case Study,
2025
Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
Overseas Agent Selection For International Logistics Companies: A Case Study, Hung-Ta Lin, Hua-An Lu
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
International logistics companies (ILCs) have aggressively participated in the supply chain systems of production industries as part of global trade development. They have adopted diversified and multinational models by expanding their overseas services to align with the various characteristics of regional economic patterns. Assigning specific local agents for their forwarding operations has been one of the key strategies for overseas services. Notably, the performance of these selected agents has significantly influenced service quality in their respective regions. In collaboration with the top management of an ILC, this study proposes an evaluation framework comprising 4 criteria and 16 subcriteria for selecting …
Cfrp Retrofitting For Enhancing Damping In Cushion Mounts For Marine Applications,
2025
Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Cfrp Retrofitting For Enhancing Damping In Cushion Mounts For Marine Applications, Chih-Lung Hou, Guang-Min Luo, Sheng-Yuan Chen
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
Reducing vibration transmission and dynamic response is critical for data processing devices, precision instruments, and machinery in environments with frequent shocks, such as naval applications. These devices are often mounted to ships with cushion mounts. This study presents a cost-effective and rapid method for retrofitting mounts with carbon fiber reinforced polymers; the method greatly improved damping and effectively reduced vibration transmission. Specimens were produced and subjected to experimental modal analysis, and finite element models were developed for comparison. The frequency response functions and modes of the structural components from both methods were compared to assess the improvement in the damping …
Application Of Genetic Algorithm In Container Vessel Stowage Planning With Carbon Tax Considerations,
2025
Department of Transportation Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
Application Of Genetic Algorithm In Container Vessel Stowage Planning With Carbon Tax Considerations, Ming-Feng Yang, Wei-Hao Su, Ko-Meng Hu, Yu-Hsuan Li
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
This study developed a method for optimizing stowage planning for container vessels, a crucial aspect of international trade logistics. Over 80% of global trade depends on containerized transportation; thus, effective stowage planning is essential for minimizing transportation costs and enhancing operational efficiency. In the proposed hybrid optimization approach, integer programming is combined with a genetic algorithm to generate optimal stowage plans. The key factors considered in this method include load capacity limits, stacking constraints, and carbon tax regulations. The proposed method involves maximizing space utilization while minimizing logistics costs, with particular emphasis on reducing port dwell times. The findings of …
Research On Multi-Ship Collision Avoidance Decision-Making Based On Improved Velocity Obstacle Method Using Dynamic Elliptical Ship Domains,
2025
Dalian Maritime University
Research On Multi-Ship Collision Avoidance Decision-Making Based On Improved Velocity Obstacle Method Using Dynamic Elliptical Ship Domains, Tang Xinwei, Li Weifeng
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
The velocity obstacle method offers collision avoidance solutions for critical multi-ship encounter scenarios. This thesis introduces a Reciprocal Velocity Obstacle (RVO) approach based on dynamic elliptical ship domains for multi-ship collision avoidance. Initially, the concept of dynamic elliptical ship domains is presented, building upon the original static elliptical ship domain Velocity Obstacle (VO) method. Subsequently, multi-ship encounter scenarios are simulated in both virtual environments and real nautical charts, comparing the two methods. The analysis results demonstrate the improved method's excellent performance in both cases, underscoring its advantages. This research provides more effective collision avoidance strategies for multi-ship encounters.
Exploring The Red Sea Crisis’S Supply Chain Disruption Impacts On The Shipping Industry,
2025
Department of Shipping & Transportation Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Beining Rd., Keelung 202-24, Taiwan; Tel: (886) 2- 2462-2192;
Exploring The Red Sea Crisis’S Supply Chain Disruption Impacts On The Shipping Industry, Po-Hsing Tseng, Nick Pilcher
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
Since October 7, 2023, the Houthi militia in Yemen has continuously attacked Israel and its nearby ships in the Red Sea. This crisis has impacted on global ship operations, freight rates, and shipping networks, since this conflict seriously affects the international trade between Europe and Asia and brings many unpredictable butterfly effects (e.g. supply chain disruption, and high transportation costs in shipping and air cargo). This papero explores its impact on the supply chain and suggests potential solutions;, and to consider perceptions on who should be responsible for the crisis, and who will actually shoulder the responsibility for the crisis. …
Dna Barcoding In Species Identification Of Flying Fish (Exocoetidae) And Halfbeaks (Hemiramphidae) Larvae: A Comparative Study Of The Database Over A Decade,
2025
Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Keelung. Taiwan
Dna Barcoding In Species Identification Of Flying Fish (Exocoetidae) And Halfbeaks (Hemiramphidae) Larvae: A Comparative Study Of The Database Over A Decade, Hui-Ling Ko, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Ching-Yi Chen, Yen-Wei Chang
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
The families Exocoetidae and Hemiramphidae comprise migratory species, whose identification based on their external morphological characteristics can be challenging because of their similarities. DNA barcoding has been used in taxonomic and evolutionary studies to address these issues. The morphological characteristics of fish larvae change rapidly and often lack distinctive features, posing a challenge for species-level identification. This study used DNA barcoding to identify flying fish and half-beaked larvae. Using plankton nets, sampling was conducted seasonally between 2010 and 2013 in Nanwan, Taiwan. A total of 903 individuals were collected, of which 111 were identified as flying and half-beaked fish based …
Operational Risk Evaluation Of Oil Tankers Via Multivariate Gaidai Reliability Framework Incorporating Memory Effects,
2025
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
Operational Risk Evaluation Of Oil Tankers Via Multivariate Gaidai Reliability Framework Incorporating Memory Effects, Oleg Gaidai, Shicheng He, Jinlu Sheng, Yan Zhu, Alaa Elsayed, Mahmoud El-Wazery
Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan
The retreat of Arctic Sea ice may exert a major impact on economy，potentially transforming the nature of commerce between Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Projections indicate a 40% reduction in transit distance and a 30% decrease in voyage time between Europe and northwest Asia compared to traditional routes such as the Suez Canal. However, even during summer navigation, fragmented floating ice persists, generating stochastic ice loads on vessel bows and hulls through complex ship-to-ice interaction. For structural design, statistical extrapolation methods are required to accurately assess excessive areal bow/hull stresses. This study proposes a novel multi-modal structural damage risk assessment …
