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Krill, Climate, And Contrasting Future Scenarios For Arctic And Antarctic Fisheries, Margaret M. Mcbride, Padmini Dalpadado, Kenneth F. Drinkwater, Olav Rune Godø, Alistair J. Hobday, Anne B. Hollowed, Trond Kristiansen, Eugene J. Murphy, Patrick H. Ressler, Sam Subbey, Eileen E. Hofmann, Harald Loeng 2014 Old Dominion University

Krill, Climate, And Contrasting Future Scenarios For Arctic And Antarctic Fisheries, Margaret M. Mcbride, Padmini Dalpadado, Kenneth F. Drinkwater, Olav Rune Godø, Alistair J. Hobday, Anne B. Hollowed, Trond Kristiansen, Eugene J. Murphy, Patrick H. Ressler, Sam Subbey, Eileen E. Hofmann, Harald Loeng

CCPO Publications

Arctic and Antarcticmarine systems have incommon high latitudes, large seasonal changes in light levels, cold air and sea temperatures, and sea ice. In other ways, however, they are strikingly different, including their: age, extent, geological structure, ice stability, and foodweb structure. Both regions contain very rapidly warming areas and climate impacts have been reported, as have dramatic future projections. However, the combined effects of a changing climate on oceanographic processes and foodweb dynamics are likely to influence their future fisheries in very different ways. Differences in the life-history strategies of the key zooplankton species (Antarctic krill in the Southern Ocean …


Global View Of The Role Of The Itcz/Monsoon Trough In Tropical Cyclogenesis, Steven Fuhrman 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Global View Of The Role Of The Itcz/Monsoon Trough In Tropical Cyclogenesis, Steven Fuhrman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT


Northeast Cool-Season Cyclones Associated With Significant Upper-Level Easterly Wind Anomalies, Adrian Mitchell 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Northeast Cool-Season Cyclones Associated With Significant Upper-Level Easterly Wind Anomalies, Adrian Mitchell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A subset of Northeast U.S. cool-season cyclones is associated with upper-level easterly flow and, occasionally, well-defined easterly jet streaks. These events occur approximately once per year and may be associated with retrograding surface cyclones and precipitation caused by northerly warm-air advection, leading to forecast challenges. The deepest extratropical cyclone that affected the Northeast U.S. during the 2009-2010 cool-season was associated with an upper-level easterly jet streak, and produced a record snowfall total of 85 cm in Burlington, Vermont. Orographic precipitation enhancement in this case resulted from an interaction of the low-level flow with the complex topography of northern Vermont. This …


Associations Between The Madden-Julian Oscillation, Equatorial Rossby Waves, And Extratropical Northern Hemisphere Predictability, Lawrence Gloeckler 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Associations Between The Madden-Julian Oscillation, Equatorial Rossby Waves, And Extratropical Northern Hemisphere Predictability, Lawrence Gloeckler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), the leading mode of tropical convective and circulation variability on intraseasonal time scales, has become increasingly leveraged to improve empirical prediction of the global atmospheric circulation. Significant progress has been made in recent years to advance subseasonal (10-30-day) prediction of atmospheric circulation anomalies, and much of this progress can be attributed to the inclusion of information about the phase and amplitude of the MJO in various forecast processes. Despite this progress, however, forecasts based only on the state of the MJO omit information about other important tropical convective and circulation anomalies, and coherent MJO signals are …


Seasonal Variations Of Wind Farm Impacts On Land Surface Temperature And Vegetation Over Northern Illinois, Lauren Slawsky 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Seasonal Variations Of Wind Farm Impacts On Land Surface Temperature And Vegetation Over Northern Illinois, Lauren Slawsky

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Operating wind turbines enhance near surface turbulence and alter the exchanges of surface energy, water, and momentum, thus affecting local micrometeorology. Climatic impacts of three wind farms in northern Illinois are assessed using land surface temperature (LST) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites for the period 2003-2013. Changes in LST between two periods (before and after construction of the wind turbines) and between wind farm pixels (WFPs) and nearby non wind farm pixels (NNWFPs) are quantified. An increase in LST is observed at nighttime over each wind farm, with the pattern of …


A Climatology Of Central American Gyres, Philippe Pierre Papin 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

A Climatology Of Central American Gyres, Philippe Pierre Papin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Central American gyres (CAGs) are large, low-level, cyclonic circulations that are observed over Central America during the tropical cyclone (TC) season. CAGs often occur in conjunction with TCs, and can result in torrential rainfall over portions of Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and eastern United States. The lack of prior research on CAGs, their apparent links to TC activity, and their association with high- impact weather motivates this study.


Upper-Tropospheric Precursors Associated With Subtropical Cyclone Formation In The North Atlantic Basin, Alicia Marie Bentley 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Upper-Tropospheric Precursors Associated With Subtropical Cyclone Formation In The North Atlantic Basin, Alicia Marie Bentley

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Oceanic cyclones exhibiting properties of both tropical and extratropical systems have been categorized as subtropical cyclones (STCs) since the early 1950s. The opportunity to investigate the roles of baroclinic and diabatic processes during the evolution of STCs from a potential vorticity (PV) perspective motivates this study. This study investigates the roles of baroclinic and diabatic processes during the evolution of STCs by calculating three PV metrics from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis 0.5° gridded dataset. The three PV metrics quantify the relative contributions of lower-tropospheric baroclinic processes, midtropospheric diabatic heating, and upper-tropospheric dynamical processes during …


An Analysis Of Arctic Climate, The Intense Arctic Cyclone Of Early August 2012, And Middle To High Latitude Snowcover, Adam H. Turchioe 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

An Analysis Of Arctic Climate, The Intense Arctic Cyclone Of Early August 2012, And Middle To High Latitude Snowcover, Adam H. Turchioe

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

On 03 August 2012, a cyclone formed over Central Siberia and progressed northeastwards. By 0000 UTC 05 August, the cyclone reached the Arctic Ocean with a mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) of 984 hPa. Once over the Arctic Ocean, the cyclone rapidly intensified and reached a minimum pressure of 966 hPa on 06 August near 83°N and 170°W. The cyclone slowly weakened, and on 0000 UTC 10 August once again had a minimum MSLP of 984 hPa. The motivation for this presentation is driven by the likelihood that this cyclone is one of the most intense storm systems to ever impact …


On The Mjo And Anticyclonic Wavebreaking, Kyle Macritchie 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

On The Mjo And Anticyclonic Wavebreaking, Kyle Macritchie

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Madden Julian oscillation (MJO) is the primary mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropics. The MJO often couples with convection as it moves over the Indian Ocean and decouples as it leaves the west Pacific Ocean. The association between convection coupled to the MJO and the midlatitude flow pattern has been the primary focus of numerous studies. In particular, it has been shown that there is a statistical relationship between the position and strength of the MJO and anticyclonic wavebreaking (AWB). This study expands on this statistical relationship by examining, in detail, the two-way relationship between the MJO and …


Old Tools, New View : Utilizing Species Distribution Models To Focus Conservation Efforts Under A Changing Climate, Samantha Hoff 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Old Tools, New View : Utilizing Species Distribution Models To Focus Conservation Efforts Under A Changing Climate, Samantha Hoff

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In New York State, scientists have observed many changes in bird communities including population declines, range contractions, mismatch between behavior and resources, and changes in bird phenology as a result of climatic changes. Four objectives were addressed with this research: understanding how different bird species may respond to changing climatic conditions under a future IPCC emission scenario; determining how suitable habitat may change in the future and what bioclimatic variables are important to specific avian guilds; identifying hotspots of suitable habitat that may represent important areas for conservation investment; and investigating how managers can incorporate future climate predictions into management …


Spatial And Seasonal Variability Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Number Concentrations Over The Extended North African Continent And The Mediterranean, Hesham Abdel-Monem Afify Hassan 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Spatial And Seasonal Variability Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Number Concentrations Over The Extended North African Continent And The Mediterranean, Hesham Abdel-Monem Afify Hassan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The spatiotemporal variability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration is investigated over the extended domain of the North African continent and Mediterranean which is an essential step for better understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions and associated climate impacts over the region. The study is performed by analyzing the output for the period from 2004 to 2011 from the well-validated global chemistry and aerosol transport model GEOS-Chem-APM. The analysis shows that the dominant aerosol type for CCN number concentration is secondary particles all over the domain. Spatial analysis reveals the existence of four characteristic subdomains of variability: over the Mediterranean and …


A Climatology Of Lower-Stratospheric Fronts Over North America, Hannah Elizabeth Attard 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

A Climatology Of Lower-Stratospheric Fronts Over North America, Hannah Elizabeth Attard

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A two-part analysis, from a: (1) climatology and composite and (2) case study perspective, were used to examine robust lower-stratospheric fronts identified during eight winter seasons from 2004-2012 in North America. In Part 1, a climatology was constructed from the 184 identified cases of North American lower-stratospheric fronts associated with upper-level jet-front systems. The climatology and composite analyses of these identified cases reveal that there are substantial differences in the environmental characteristics and structure of lower-stratospheric fronts that develop in the Intermountain West and eastern North America regions. These differences exist in all flow directions and suggest that quasigeostrophic diagnostics …


The Spectrum Of Progressive Derecho Formation Environments, Corey Guastini 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

The Spectrum Of Progressive Derecho Formation Environments, Corey Guastini

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Progressive derechos are severe mesoscale convective systems that often form east of the Rocky Mountains during the warm season (May–August) and cause, by definition, straight-line wind damage along paths upwards of 400 km long. This study develops a subjective, seven-category classification scheme that spans the spectrum of progressive derecho formation environments from those dominated by robust upper-level ridges to those characterized by vigorous upper-level troughs. A climatology of 256 progressive derecho events is created for 1996–2013 and is categorized according to the developed classification scheme. Derecho initiation-relative composites are constructed for each of the seven groups using 0.5° Climate Forecast …


Dynamical And Thermodynamic Processes Contributing To Thundersnow Events Over The Northeast U.S, Kyle Jacob Meier 2014 University at Albany, State University of New York

Dynamical And Thermodynamic Processes Contributing To Thundersnow Events Over The Northeast U.S, Kyle Jacob Meier

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Thundersnow often occurs in conjunction with mesoscale snowbands and may be associated with regions of locally heavy snowfall (15-30 cm) and intense snowfall rates (5-10 cm/h). The availability of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) system and operational Doppler weather radars during the past 20 years has allowed meteorologists to produce comprehensive national lightning maps and to identify localized areas of enhanced snowfall associated with thundersnow. The purpose of this thesis is to take advantage of the NLDN data and other contemporary observing systems in order to construct climatological, composite, and case study analyses of the atmospheric environment during thundersnow …


Adverse Outcome Pathway And Risks Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides To Predatory Wildlife, Barnett A. Rattner, Rebecca S. Lazarus, John E. Elliott, Richard F. Shore, Nico van den Brink 2014 United States Geological Survey

Adverse Outcome Pathway And Risks Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides To Predatory Wildlife, Barnett A. Rattner, Rebecca S. Lazarus, John E. Elliott, Richard F. Shore, Nico Van Den Brink

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Despite a long history of successful use, routine application of some anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) may be at a crossroad due to new regulatory guidelines intended to mitigate risk. An adverse outcome pathway for ARs was developed to identify information gaps and end points to assess the effectiveness of regulations. This framework describes chemical properties of ARs, established macromolecular interactions by inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase, cellular responses including altered clotting factor processing and coagulopathy, organ level effects such as hemorrhage, organism responses with linkages to reduced fitness and mortality, and potential consequences to predator populations. Risk assessments have led …


Capacitively Coupled And Direct-Current Resistivity Surveys Of Selected Reaches Of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, And Outlet Canals In Nebraska, 2012-13, Christopher M. Hobza, Bethany L. Burton, Jeffrey E. Lucius, Ryan E. Tompkins 2014 Nebraska Water Science Center

Capacitively Coupled And Direct-Current Resistivity Surveys Of Selected Reaches Of Cozad, Thirty-Mile, Orchard-Alfalfa, Kearney, And Outlet Canals In Nebraska, 2012-13, Christopher M. Hobza, Bethany L. Burton, Jeffrey E. Lucius, Ryan E. Tompkins

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

Understanding the spatial characteristics of leakage from canals is critical to effectively managing and utilizing water resources for irrigation and hydroelectric purposes. Canal leakage in some parts of Nebraska is the primary source of water for groundwater recharge and helps maintain the base flow of streams. Because surface-water supplies depend on the streamflow of the Platte River and the available water stored in upstream reservoirs, water managers seek to minimize conveyance losses, which can include canal leakage. The United States Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Central Platte Natural Resources District and Nebraska Public Power District, used capacitively coupled (CC) …


Climate Risk Analysis On The Food Security In Saguday, Quirino Province, Jose Santos R. Carandang, Glenn S. Banaguas 2014 De La Salle University, Manila

Climate Risk Analysis On The Food Security In Saguday, Quirino Province, Jose Santos R. Carandang, Glenn S. Banaguas

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Saguday is a 5th-class municipality of Quirino Province. The nine barangays of Saguday namely – La Paz, Cardenas, Salvacion, Santo Tomas, Rizal, Tres Reyes, Dibul, Cardenas and Gamis – are all vulnerable to climate change and calamities, not only because of the scarce resources of the municipality, but also due to the geographical and climatological condition of the area. Rainfall rates are projected to increase due to climate change and there will also be some likely increase in mean maximum tropical cyclone wind speed due to the projected 21st century warming (Knutson et al., 2010). Its location in Quirino Province …


Numerical Investigation Of Orographic Effects On Supercell Thunderstorms, Galen M. Smith 2014 North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

Numerical Investigation Of Orographic Effects On Supercell Thunderstorms, Galen M. Smith

Dissertations

Orographic effects on tornadic supercell development, propagation, and structure are investigated using the Cloud Model 1 with idealized bell-shaped mountains of various heights and geometries and a homogeneous fluid flow with a single sounding. In total, the variations of height and geometry yield 16 terrain configurations. It is found that blocking effects are dominative compared to the terrain-induced environmental heterogeneity downwind of the mountain. The isolated bell-shaped mountains tended to shift the track of the storm towards the left of storm motion; however, when the terrain was elongated the effect tended to be rightward. The terrain blocking effect also enhanced …


The Role Of Politics And Proximity In Sea Level Rise Policy Salience: A Study Of Virginia Legislators’ Perceptions, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Burton St. John III, Ivan K. Ash 2014 Old Dominion University

The Role Of Politics And Proximity In Sea Level Rise Policy Salience: A Study Of Virginia Legislators’ Perceptions, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Burton St. John Iii, Ivan K. Ash

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

The acceleration of sea level rise (SLR) has become a threat to the stability of nation-states worldwide and associated with risks to environmental sustainability, economic infrastructure, and public health. However, from both an international and U.S. perspective, there is a lack of research examining legislative decision makers’ perceptions about policies regarding SLR. This study addresses that gap by examining how politics and proximity affects Virginia state legislators’ perceptions of the saliency of SLR. A survey of these legislators reveals their perceptions of credible sources of information, SLR-related risk, and who should take the lead to address SLR. While this study …


The Potential Release Of Phosphorus In Floodplains, Maria S. Rossetti, Nicole K. Ownby, Erin Scott, Brian E. Haggard 2014 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

The Potential Release Of Phosphorus In Floodplains, Maria S. Rossetti, Nicole K. Ownby, Erin Scott, Brian E. Haggard

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

In the Illinois River Watershed, there has been growing concern over elevated phosphorus concentrations in the water column. This study evaluated how much phosphorus is contributed from floodplain soils into surface waters, examining the relationship between the flux of phosphorus released and the amount of phosphorus stored in the soil. This was investigated by artificially inundating soil cores from four sites and determining the soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations of the overlying water and the levels of Water and Mehlich-3 extractable phosphorus in the soil. The flux of phosphorus to the overlying water ranged from 0.43 to 6.61 mg m-2 hr-1 …


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