Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

A Hybrid Model To Assess Commercial Port Resilience In Taiwan, Po-Hsing Tseng, James J.H. Liou

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Since 2021, international commercial ports have faced unprecedented challenges (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic, Suez Canal congestion), impacting daily life, work, human well-being, properties, the environment, and socio-economic activities. The adaptation capability resilience of international commercial ports to respond to external changes has become crucial. This study develops an expert knowledge-based hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model integrating Best-Worst Method (BWM), Rough Dombi Aggregator, and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) to evaluate port resilience capabilities, using Taiwan's international commercial ports as a case study. We propose four evaluation dimensions encompassing 13 indicators: detection capability, resistance capability, resource integration capability, and recovery capability. The BWM determined …

An Evaluation Of The Possibility And Effectiveness Of Renewable Energy In Container Terminal At Jinhae New Port, Min-Seop Sim, Yul-Seong Kim, Chang-Hee Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The international goals of combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are driving container terminal operators to adopt renewable energy solutions. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of introducing renewable energy and eco-fuels for energy independence at the Jinhae New Port Container Terminal, South Korea. Using portfolio analysis, eight renewable energy technologies (solar power, solar thermal energy, wind energy, hydropower, marine energy, geothermal energy, bioenergy, and waste-to-energy) and seven eco-friendly fuels (electricity, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen fuel cells, ammonia fuel cells, bioenergy, and hybrid systems) were assessed. Survey data from stakeholders identified solar, wind, and …

Suntan (And Other Solar Tigonometric Functions), John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Question 1: If I₀ is the solar irradiance (power per unit area, W/m²) reaching my head, express the intensity on the side of my face (I_s) in terms of θ. Assume for now that the irradiance is independent of path length through the atmosphere and that my face is normal to the direction θ = 90°.

Using the 1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere,² Hottel (1976)³ expressed the solar irradiance using the formula

I = I₀(a₀ + a₁e^{−k sec θ}), where A is the elevation in kilometers and

a₀ = 0.4237 − 0.00821(6 − A)²; a₁ = 0.5055 …

A Question Of Transparency, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Question 1: Why is it easier to see through rain than fog?

Start thinking about this by imagining a fixed volume (V) of water being dispersed into, say, N identical droplets of diameter d. Surface area and volume considerations should lead to the answer in terms of V and d.

Question 2: (a) How "long" (in meters) might such a rain shower or fog bank be?

Hint: Suppose you are looking along a linear stack of S cubes with 1-m sides (through the rain or fog). Each cube contains N drops. If p is the visibility (i.e., the fraction of …

A Question Of Transparency: Solutions For Fermi Questions, March 2025, John Adam

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Question 1: Why is it easier to see through rain than fog?

Start thinking about this by imagining a fixed volume (V) of water being dispersed into, say, N identical droplets of diameter d. Surface area and volume considerations should lead to the answer in terms of V and d.

Solution to Question 1: N = VI(πd³/6) = 6V/πd³ ≈ 2V/d³.

The cross-sectional area A of each drop is πd²/4 ≈ 3d²/4, so the total area blocked off (assuming no overlapping drops—so this is an upper bound) is NA ≈ 1.5V/d, so the area blocked off is inversely proportional to …

Numerical Simulation Of The Fracture Resistance Of A Flame Deflector Under Impact And High Temperature By Using The Extended Finite-Element Method, Guangzhong Liu, Yuqing Feng, Tong Lin, Zhixin Xiong, Zhenting Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

During the launch of rockets at sea, the flame deflector of the launch platform is subject to transient impact loads and high temperatures, which can result in the fracturing of the flame deflector, thereby endangering the platform and launch safety. In this study, dynamic crack propagation in a flame deflector under the aforementioned conditions was numerically investigated using the extended finite-element method (XFEM). The bulk of the flame deflector was modeled using shell elements, the local area in which the crack evolves was modeled using solid elements, and discontinuities were modeled using enrichment functions in the XFEM. The degrees of …

Overseas Agent Selection For International Logistics Companies: A Case Study, Hung-Ta Lin, Hua-An Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

International logistics companies (ILCs) have aggressively participated in the supply chain systems of production industries as part of global trade development. They have adopted diversified and multinational models by expanding their overseas services to align with the various characteristics of regional economic patterns. Assigning specific local agents for their forwarding operations has been one of the key strategies for overseas services. Notably, the performance of these selected agents has significantly influenced service quality in their respective regions. In collaboration with the top management of an ILC, this study proposes an evaluation framework comprising 4 criteria and 16 subcriteria for selecting …

Cfrp Retrofitting For Enhancing Damping In Cushion Mounts For Marine Applications, Chih-Lung Hou, Guang-Min Luo, Sheng-Yuan Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Reducing vibration transmission and dynamic response is critical for data processing devices, precision instruments, and machinery in environments with frequent shocks, such as naval applications. These devices are often mounted to ships with cushion mounts. This study presents a cost-effective and rapid method for retrofitting mounts with carbon fiber reinforced polymers; the method greatly improved damping and effectively reduced vibration transmission. Specimens were produced and subjected to experimental modal analysis, and finite element models were developed for comparison. The frequency response functions and modes of the structural components from both methods were compared to assess the improvement in the damping …

Application Of Genetic Algorithm In Container Vessel Stowage Planning With Carbon Tax Considerations, Ming-Feng Yang, Wei-Hao Su, Ko-Meng Hu, Yu-Hsuan Li

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study developed a method for optimizing stowage planning for container vessels, a crucial aspect of international trade logistics. Over 80% of global trade depends on containerized transportation; thus, effective stowage planning is essential for minimizing transportation costs and enhancing operational efficiency. In the proposed hybrid optimization approach, integer programming is combined with a genetic algorithm to generate optimal stowage plans. The key factors considered in this method include load capacity limits, stacking constraints, and carbon tax regulations. The proposed method involves maximizing space utilization while minimizing logistics costs, with particular emphasis on reducing port dwell times. The findings of …

Research On Multi-Ship Collision Avoidance Decision-Making Based On Improved Velocity Obstacle Method Using Dynamic Elliptical Ship Domains, Tang Xinwei, Li Weifeng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The velocity obstacle method offers collision avoidance solutions for critical multi-ship encounter scenarios. This thesis introduces a Reciprocal Velocity Obstacle (RVO) approach based on dynamic elliptical ship domains for multi-ship collision avoidance. Initially, the concept of dynamic elliptical ship domains is presented, building upon the original static elliptical ship domain Velocity Obstacle (VO) method. Subsequently, multi-ship encounter scenarios are simulated in both virtual environments and real nautical charts, comparing the two methods. The analysis results demonstrate the improved method's excellent performance in both cases, underscoring its advantages. This research provides more effective collision avoidance strategies for multi-ship encounters.

Exploring The Red Sea Crisis’S Supply Chain Disruption Impacts On The Shipping Industry, Po-Hsing Tseng, Nick Pilcher

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Since October 7, 2023, the Houthi militia in Yemen has continuously attacked Israel and its nearby ships in the Red Sea. This crisis has impacted on global ship operations, freight rates, and shipping networks, since this conflict seriously affects the international trade between Europe and Asia and brings many unpredictable butterfly effects (e.g. supply chain disruption, and high transportation costs in shipping and air cargo). This papero explores its impact on the supply chain and suggests potential solutions;, and to consider perceptions on who should be responsible for the crisis, and who will actually shoulder the responsibility for the crisis. …

Dna Barcoding In Species Identification Of Flying Fish (Exocoetidae) And Halfbeaks (Hemiramphidae) Larvae: A Comparative Study Of The Database Over A Decade, Hui-Ling Ko, Kwang-Tsao Shao, Ching-Yi Chen, Yen-Wei Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The families Exocoetidae and Hemiramphidae comprise migratory species, whose identification based on their external morphological characteristics can be challenging because of their similarities. DNA barcoding has been used in taxonomic and evolutionary studies to address these issues. The morphological characteristics of fish larvae change rapidly and often lack distinctive features, posing a challenge for species-level identification. This study used DNA barcoding to identify flying fish and half-beaked larvae. Using plankton nets, sampling was conducted seasonally between 2010 and 2013 in Nanwan, Taiwan. A total of 903 individuals were collected, of which 111 were identified as flying and half-beaked fish based …

Operational Risk Evaluation Of Oil Tankers Via Multivariate Gaidai Reliability Framework Incorporating Memory Effects, Oleg Gaidai, Shicheng He, Jinlu Sheng, Yan Zhu, Alaa Elsayed, Mahmoud El-Wazery

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The retreat of Arctic Sea ice may exert a major impact on economy，potentially transforming the nature of commerce between Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Projections indicate a 40% reduction in transit distance and a 30% decrease in voyage time between Europe and northwest Asia compared to traditional routes such as the Suez Canal. However, even during summer navigation, fragmented floating ice persists, generating stochastic ice loads on vessel bows and hulls through complex ship-to-ice interaction. For structural design, statistical extrapolation methods are required to accurately assess excessive areal bow/hull stresses. This study proposes a novel multi-modal structural damage risk assessment …

Key Steering Characteristics For Training Remote Operators Of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships In Collision Avoidance, Soyeong Lee, Ik-Hyun Youn

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) require remote operators (ROs) who need to be trained in collision avoidance (CA) maneuvers. In order to develop a training system, this study investigated differences in the steering characteristics of expert and novice navigators such as the timing of the initial rudder operation, rudder angle at a relative bearing 0°, heading at the maximum rate of turn to starboard, and, heading at the closest point of approach. The experts exhibited relatively consistent and controlled steering patterns characterized by earlier rudder adjustments and smoother heading transitions while novices demonstrated delayed reactions and greater variability in heading …

Subsurface Origin Of Tex86 Signals Revealed By Cross-Seasonal Gdgt Distributions In Suspended Particulate And Sediment Samples From The Southern East China Sea, Hung-Lin Tsai, Da-Chen Lin

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms (TEX₈₆) proxy, which is based on isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) produced by Thaumarchaeota in marine environments, is widely used to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures (SSTs). However, evidence suggests that this proxy often instead reflects subsurface conditions, particularly in dynamic marginal seas. Therefore, we conducted a cross-seasonal study of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) distributions in the southern East China Sea (ECS), which is characterized by strong monsoonal and current-driven hydrographic variability. We analyzed surface sediments and the high-resolution vertical profiles of suspended particulate matter (SPM) collected from 2016 …

The Current Status And Challenges Of Efforts To Generate Blue Carbon Credits In Okinawa Prefecture, Takashi Tamura, Wei-Chung Chen, Takafumi Sasaki

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In Okinawa Prefecture, the Mozuku aquaculture industry is keen on establishing Blue Carbon Credits. This enthusiasm stems from various perspectives, including climate change mitigation, improvement of fishing grounds, industry maintenance, and enhancement of fishing ground surveillance functions. However, the industry faces several challenges. One significant challenge is the lack of a clear remaining coefficient for Mozuku, which complicates the creation of credits. Additionally, there is a shortage of manpower within the fisheries cooperative, further exacerbating the problem. To address these challenges, it is crucial to secure human resources that can promote system understanding and establish a financial base for undertaking …

In-Situ And Laboratory Sound Velocities Of Unconsolidated Sediments In The Western South Korea Plateau Of The East Sea, Kiju Park, Gil Young Kim, Yuri Kim, Bo Yeon Yi, Nyeon Keon Kang, Gwang Soo Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The in-situ velocity of unconsolidated shelf sediments in the western South Korea Plateau of the East Sea was directly measured using the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Seafloor Acoustic Probe. Physical properties, including laboratory velocity, were also measured for core samples collected from the same location. The laboratory measurements were conducted at a temperature of 23℃ and under atmospheric pressure. Owing to the in-situ temperature and pressure (0.5–1.5℃ and 100–180 atm, respectively) at the sampling site, the laboratory velocity was adjusted to the in-situ conditions. In addition, a comparison with a theoretical prediction model (Biot-Stoll model) was …

Diel Variations In Abundance Of Viral, Picoplankton, And Nanoplankton In Coastal Waters Of Taiwan In Spring, Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen, Madeline Olivia, Vladimir Mukhanov, Ufimtseva Margarita, Liashko Tatiana, Sakhon Evgenii, Supriyadi Supriyadi, Intan Dwi Puspitasari, Arpita Ghosh, An-Yi Tsai

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The diel variations of viruses (< 0.2 μm), picoplankton (0.2-2 μm; heterotrophic bacteria, Synechococcus spp., and picoeukaryotes), and nanoflagellates (2-20 μm; heterotrophic and pigmented nanoflagellates) were examined for 2 days with approximately 4 h of temporal sampling in the spring of 2024 in coastal surface waters of the subtropical western Pacific. The abundance of bacteria did not follow a consistent diel pattern, and viral abundance was positively correlated with bacterial abundance. Synechococcus spp. was found to grow during the light period and with peak abundance at night, exhibiting a remarkably diel pattern; however, the pattern was opposite in picoeukaryotes. In the size-fractionation experiments, after 32 h of …

New Insights Into Decapod Chemical Communication: A Focus On The Hydrothermal Vent Crab Xenograpsus Testudinatus, Jishnu Panamoly Ayyappan, Mark June S. Consigna, Li-Chun Tseng, Jiang-Shiou Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Chemical communication in decapod crustaceans has been extensively studied for over 150 years, with most of the research focusing on sex pheromones. These crustaceans inhabit chemically complex environments and rely on diverse chemical signals for essential behaviors such as mate recognition, predator avoidance, and social interaction. This review synthesizes key findings from studies on shrimp, crayfish, lobsters, and crabs, the most well-documented taxa in crustacean chemical ecology. Various appendages, including the first and second antennae, mouthparts, and walking legs, are involved in chemosensory detection. Special emphasis is placed on chemical communication in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents (HVs), with …

Apply Cluster Analysis To Improve Interpretation Of Ert Images, Yin-Chun Hung, Yu-Xiang Zhao

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The completeness and accuracy of collecting and investigating geotechnical and marine engineering geological conditions are key to the success or failure of engineering development. Traditional marine engineering and geotechnical surveys often require the assistance of geophysical methods to fully present the geological conditions. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) is an advanced geophysical method that produces accurate cross-sections of underground resistivity. Although 2D ERT has been widely used in geotechnical engineering and marine engineering, many uncertainties remain hidden behind the vivid and colorful resistivity profiles. To apply 2D ERT profiles effectively in geotechnical and marine geological surveys and monitoring, it is essential …