New Hampshire Continental Shelf Geophysical Database: 2016-2017 Field Campaign – Seafloor And Sample Photographs And Sediment Data,
2021
University of New Hampshire, Durham
New Hampshire Continental Shelf Geophysical Database: 2016-2017 Field Campaign – Seafloor And Sample Photographs And Sediment Data, Larry G. Ward, Rachel C. Morrison, Zachary S. Mcavoy
Data Catalog
The "New Hampshire Continental Shelf Geophysical Database: 2016-2017 Field Campaign - Seafloor and Sample Photographs and Sediment Data " contains photographs of the seafloor from sampling locations, photographs of the sediment samples, and grain size data from a major field campaign conducted in 2016- 2017 and from the UNH Ocean Engineering 972 Hydrographic Field Course classes in 2012, 2014, and 2018. In total, sixteen one-day cruises provided 150 samples for grain size analysis. The database provides complete descriptions for each sample including identification, station and sample characteristics, sediment classifications, grain size statistics, and grain size distribution. Presented here are tables …
Resolving Variability In Size Structure In An Individual-Based Model For The North Pacific Krill, Euphausia Pacifica,
2021
Cal Poly Humboldt
Resolving Variability In Size Structure In An Individual-Based Model For The North Pacific Krill, Euphausia Pacifica, Roxanne Robertson
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Individual-based models (IBMs) have emerged as a powerful tool for ecological research and are particularly well suited to studies of plankton ecology. In this thesis, I develop an IBM for the North Pacific krill, Euphausia pacifica, with the goal of replicating observed variability in size-structure in the northern California Current Ecosystem. Krill, and E. pacifica in particular, are central to the structure and function of the California Current Ecosystem. Their response to environmental forcing translates climate variability to higher trophic levels and underpins broader ecosystem responses. Recent observations indicate environmental and climate-related shifts in E. pacifica size distributions, which …
Mapping Michigan's Historic Coastlines,
2021
Michigan Technological University
Mapping Michigan's Historic Coastlines, Ryan A. Williams
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
This five-year project, sponsored by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, is working to map how Michigan’s Great Lakes shorelines have changed over the past 80+ years. Products of this project include publicly available digital, georeferenced, historic aerial photography datasets, as well as map layers depicting the locations of historic shorelines and bluff lines from 1938, 1980, 2009, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Additional products include bluff retreat risk areas, shoreline rate of change map layers, and tools to assist in the development of future Coastal Vulnerability Index projects for the Great Lakes. All products are available as …
Central Equatorial Pacific Cooling During The Last Glacial Maximum,
2021
Old Dominion University
Central Equatorial Pacific Cooling During The Last Glacial Maximum, Minda Moriah Monteagudo, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Thomas M. Marchitto, Matthew W. Schmidt
OES Faculty Publications
Establishing tropical sea surface temperature (SST) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is important for constraining equilibrium climate sensitivity to radiative forcing. Until now, there has been little data from the central equatorial Pacific in global compilations, with foraminiferal assemblage‐based estimates suggesting the region was within 1°C of modern temperatures during the LGM. This is in stark contrast to multi‐proxy evidence from the eastern and western Pacific and model simulations which support larger cooling. Here we present the first estimates of glacial SST in the central equatorial Pacific from Mg/Ca in Globigerinoides ruber. Our results show that the central Pacific …
Constraining 20th‐Century Sea‐Level Rise In The South Atlantic Ocean,
2021
Old Dominion University
Constraining 20th‐Century Sea‐Level Rise In The South Atlantic Ocean, Thomas Frederikse, Surendra Adhikari, Tim J. Daley, Sönke Dangendorf, Roland Gehrels, Felix Landerer, Marta Marcos, Thomas L. Newton, Graham Rush, Aimée B.A. Slangen, Guy Wöppelmann
OES Faculty Publications
Sea level in the South Atlantic Ocean has only been measured at a small number of tide-gauge locations, which causes considerable uncertainty in 20th-century sea-level trend estimates in this basin. To obtain a better-constrained sea-level trend in the South Atlantic Ocean, this study aims to answer two questions. The first question is: can we combine new observations, vertical land motion estimates, and information on spatial sampling biases to obtain a likely range of 20th-century sea-level rise in the South Atlantic? We combine existing observations with recovered observations from Dakar and a high-resolution sea-level reconstruction based on salt-marsh sediments from the …
Toward Resolving Disparate Accounts Of The Extent And Magnitude Of Nitrogen Fixation In The Eastern Tropical South Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone,
2021
Old Dominion University
Toward Resolving Disparate Accounts Of The Extent And Magnitude Of Nitrogen Fixation In The Eastern Tropical South Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone, Corday R. Selden, Margaret R. Mulholland, Brittany Widner, Peter Bernhardt, Amal Jayakumar
OES Faculty Publications
Examination of dinitrogen (N2) fixation in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone has raised questions about the range of diazotrophs in the deep sea and their quantitative importance as a source of new nitrogen globally. However, technical considerations in the deployment of stable isotopes in quantifying N2 fixation rates have complicated interpretation of this research. Here, we report the findings of a comprehensive survey of N2 fixation within, above and below the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone. N2 fixation rates were measured using a robust 15N tracer method (bubble removal) …
The Renaissance Of Odum's Outwelling Hypothesis In 'Blue Carbon' Science,
2021
Old Dominion University
The Renaissance Of Odum's Outwelling Hypothesis In 'Blue Carbon' Science, Isaac R. Santos, David J. Burdige, Tim C. Jennerjahn, Steven Bouillon, Alex Cabral, Oscar Serrano, Thomas Wernberg, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Julia A. Guimond, Joseph J. Tamborski
OES Faculty Publications
The term ‘Blue Carbon’ was coined about a decade ago to highlight the important carbon sequestration capacity of coastal vegetated ecosystems. The term has paved the way for the development of programs and policies that preserve and restore these threatened coastal ecosystems for climate change mitigation. Blue carbon research has focused on quantifying carbon stocks and burial rates in sediments or accumulating as biomass. This focus on habitat-bound carbon led us to losing sight of the mobile blue carbon fraction. Oceans, the largest active reservoir of carbon, have become somewhat of a blind spot. Multiple recent investigations have revealed high …
Larry Philip Atkinson 1941-2020,
2021
Old Dominion University
Larry Philip Atkinson 1941-2020, Gregory Cutter, Louis Codispoti
OES Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Diatom Hotspots Driven By Western Boundary Current Instability,
2021
Old Dominion University
Diatom Hotspots Driven By Western Boundary Current Instability, Hilde Oliver, Weifeng G. Zhang, Walker O. Smith Jr., Philip Alatalo, P. Dreux Chappell, Andrew J. Hirzel, Corday R. Selden, Heidi M. Sosik, Rachel H.R. Stanley, Yifan Zhu, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy Jr.
OES Faculty Publications
Abstract Climatic changes have decreased the stability of the Gulf Stream (GS), increasing the frequency at which its meanders interact with the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) continental shelf and slope region. These intrusions are thought to suppress biological productivity by transporting low-nutrient water to the otherwise productive shelf edge region. Here we present evidence of widespread, anomalously intense subsurface diatom hotspots in the MAB slope sea that likely resulted from a GS intrusion in July 2019. The hotspots (at ∼50 m) were associated with water mass properties characteristic of GS water (∼100 m); it is probable that the hotspots resulted from …
An Assessment Of Regional Icesat-2 Sea-Level Trends,
2021
Old Dominion University
An Assessment Of Regional Icesat-2 Sea-Level Trends, Brett Buzzanga, Eduard Heijkoop, Benjamin D. Hamlington, R. Steven Nerem, Alex Gardner
OES Faculty Publications
Sea-level rise is an important indicator of ongoing climate change and well observed by satellite altimetry. However, observations from conventional altimetry degrade at the coast where regional sea-level changes can deviate from the open-ocean and impact local communities. With the 2018 launch of the laser altimeter onboard ICESat-2, new high-resolution observations of ice, land, and ocean elevations are available. Here we assess the potential benefits of sea level measured by ICESat-2 by comparing to data from Jason-3 and tide gauges. We find good agreement in the linear rates computed from the independent observations, with an absolute average residual of 3.60 …
Trichome Lengths Of The Heterocystous N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria In The Tropical Marginal Seas Of The Western North Pacific,
2021
Old Dominion University
Trichome Lengths Of The Heterocystous N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria In The Tropical Marginal Seas Of The Western North Pacific, Sing-How Tuo, Margaret R. Mulholland, Yukiko Taniuchi, Houng-Yung Chen, Wann-Neng Jane, Yen-Huei Lin, Yuh-Ling Lee Chen
OES Faculty Publications
Calothrix rhizosoleniae and Richelia intracellularis are heterocystous cyanobacteria found in the tropical oceans. C. rhizosoleniae commonly live epiphytically on diatom genera Chaetoceros (C-C) and Bacteriastrum (B-C) while R. intracellularis live endosymbiotically within Rhizosolenia (R-R), Guinardia (G-R), and Hemiaulus (H-R); although, they occasionally live freely (FL-C and FL-R). Both species have much shorter trichomes than the other marine filamentous cyanobacteria such as Trichodesmium spp. and Anabaena gerdii. We investigated the trichome lengths of C. rhizosoleniae and R. intracellularis in the South China Sea (SCS) and the Philippine …
Lagrangian Betweenness As A Measure Of Bottlenecks In Dynamical Systems With Oceanographic Examples,
2021
Old Dominion University
Lagrangian Betweenness As A Measure Of Bottlenecks In Dynamical Systems With Oceanographic Examples, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Alberto Baudena, Vincent Rossi, Mick Follows, Sophie Clayton, Ruggero Vasile, Cristóbal López, Emilio Hernández-García
OES Faculty Publications
The study of connectivity patterns in networks has brought novel insights across diverse fields ranging from neurosciences to epidemic spreading or climate. In this context, betweenness centrality has demonstrated to be a very effective measure to identify nodes that act as focus of congestion, or bottlenecks, in the network. However, there is not a way to define betweenness outside the network framework. By analytically linking dynamical systems and network theory, we provide a trajectory-based formulation of betweenness, called Lagrangian betweenness, as a function of Lyapunov exponents. This extends the concept of betweenness beyond the context of network theory relating hyperbolic …
Marine Phytoplankton Functional Types Exhibit Diverse Responses To Thermal Change,
2021
Old Dominion University
Marine Phytoplankton Functional Types Exhibit Diverse Responses To Thermal Change, S. I. Anderson, A. D. Barton, Sophie Clayton, S. Dutkiewicz, T. A. Rynearson
OES Faculty Publications
Marine phytoplankton generate half of global primary production, making them essential to ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. Though phytoplankton are phylogenetically diverse, studies rarely designate unique thermal traits to different taxa, resulting in coarse representations of phytoplankton thermal responses. Here we assessed phytoplankton functional responses to temperature using empirically derived thermal growth rates from four principal contributors to marine productivity: diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and coccolithophores. Using modeled sea surface temperatures for 1950-1970 and 2080-2100, we explored potential alterations to each group's growth rates and geographical distribution under a future climate change scenario. Contrary to the commonly applied Eppley formulation, our …
Plate Boundary And Triple Junction Control Of Shatsky Rise Formation And Implications For Other Ocean Plateaus,
2021
Old Dominion University
Plate Boundary And Triple Junction Control Of Shatsky Rise Formation And Implications For Other Ocean Plateaus, Jennifer E. Georgen, Katrina Shotorban
OES Faculty Publications
In the study of marine large igneous provinces, investigations often focus on the importance of mantle plumes in generating excess magmatism. Few studies, however, have addressed the role of plate boundary processes in promoting widespread and extensive mantle melting. This study investigates how spreading center geometry may have facilitated the emplacement of Shatsky Rise, an oceanic plateau in the western Pacific Ocean. The largest structure within Shatsky Rise, Tamu Massif, was created ∼140–150 Ma at the Pacific-Izanagi-Farallon (PIF) ridge-ridge-ridge triple junction. Moreover, the PIF triple junction was one of three triple junctions operating in close proximity at the time, as …
Lipid Markers And Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes As Diet And Biosynthesis Reflectors In The Northern Neptune Whelk Neptunea Heros,
2021
Old Dominion University
Lipid Markers And Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes As Diet And Biosynthesis Reflectors In The Northern Neptune Whelk Neptunea Heros, H. Rodger Harvey, Rachel Mcmahon, Karen A. Taylor
OES Faculty Publications
A suite of lipid biomarkers plus compound-specific carbon isotopes of major sterols were determined in muscle tissues across increasing sizes of northern Neptune whelks Neptunea heros, developing eggs and potential diets to link trophic patterns, metabolism and carbon sources on the Chukchi Sea shelf. Analysis of primary prey included the northern clam Astarte borealis, water column particulate organic matter (POM) and surface sediments near the collection sites. Sterols specific to major algal groups along with algal-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:5n-3, C20:4n-3, C22:6n-3) in whelk muscle tissue reflected the importance of algal primary production to benthic consumers and its …
Neodymium Isotope Geochemistry Of A Subterranean Estuary,
2021
Old Dominion University
Neodymium Isotope Geochemistry Of A Subterranean Estuary, Darren A. Chevis, T. Jade Mohajerin, Ningfang Yang, Jaye E. Cable, E. Troy Rasbury, Sidney R. Hemming, David J. Burdige, Jonathan B. Martin, Christopher D. White, Karen H. Johannesson
OES Faculty Publications
Rare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotope compositions of surface and groundwaters from the Indian River Lagoon in Florida were measured to investigate the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on these parameters in coastal waters. The Nd flux of the terrestrial component of SGD is around 0.7 ± 0.03 μmol Nd/day per m of shoreline across the nearshore seepage face of the subterranean estuary. This translates to a terrestrial SGD Nd flux of 4 ± 0.2 mmol/day for the entire 5,880 m long shoreline of the studied portion of the lagoon. The Nd flux from bioirrigation across the nearshore …
Radium Isotopes As Submarine Groundwater Discharge (Sgd) Tracers: Review And Recommendations,
2021
Old Dominion University
Radium Isotopes As Submarine Groundwater Discharge (Sgd) Tracers: Review And Recommendations, J. Garcia-Orellana, V. Rodellas, Joseph Tamborski, M. Diego-Feliu, P. Van Beek, Y. Weinstein, M. Charette, A. Alorda-Kleinglass, H.A. Michael, T. Stieglitz, J. Scholten
OES Faculty Publications
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is now recognized as an important process of the hydrological cycle worldwide and plays a major role as a conveyor of dissolved compounds to the ocean. Naturally occurring radium isotopes (Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-226 and Ra-228) are widely employed geochemical tracers in marine environments. Whilst Ra isotopes were initially predominantly applied to study open ocean processes and fluxes across the continental margins, their most common application in the marine environment has undoubtedly become the identification and quantification of SGD. This review focuses on the application of Ra isotopes as tracers of SGD and associated inputs of water …
Impact Of Ocean Carbonation On Long-Term Regulation Of Light Harvesting In Eelgrass Zostera Marina,
2021
Old Dominion University
Impact Of Ocean Carbonation On Long-Term Regulation Of Light Harvesting In Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Billur Celebi-Ergin, Richard C. Zimmerman, Victoria J. Hill
OES Faculty Publications
Seagrasses account for approximately 10% of the total carbon stored in the ocean, although photosynthesis of seagrasses is carbon-limited at present oceanic pH levels. Therefore, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, which results in ocean acidification/carbonation, is predicted to have a positive impact on seagrass productivity. Previous studies have confirmed the positive influence of increasing CO2 on photosynthesis and survival of the temperate eelgrass Zostera marina, but the acclimation of photoprotective mechanisms in this context has not been characterized. We aimed to quantify the long-term impacts of ocean acidification on photochemical control mechanisms that promote photosynthesis while simultaneously protecting …
Synoptic Mesoscale To Basin Scale Variability In Biological Productivity And Chlorophyll In The Kuroshio Extension Region,
2021
Old Dominion University
Synoptic Mesoscale To Basin Scale Variability In Biological Productivity And Chlorophyll In The Kuroshio Extension Region, Sophie Clayton, Hilary I. Palevsky, Luanne Thompson, Paul D. Quay
OES Faculty Publications
The Kuroshio current separates from the Japanese coast to become the eastward flowing Kuroshio Extension (KE) characterized by a strong latitudinal density front, high levels of mesoscale (eddy) energy, and high chlorophyll a (Chl). While satellite measurements of Chl show evidence of the impact of mesoscale eddies on the standing stock of phytoplankton, there have been very limited synoptic, spatially resolved in situ estimates of productivity in this region. Here, we present underway measurements of oxygen/argon supersaturation (ΔO2/Ar), a tracer of net biological productivity, for the KE made in spring, summer, and early autumn. We find large seasonal differences in …
Detrital Neodymium And (Radio)Carbon As Complementary Sedimentary Bedfellows? The Western Arctic Ocean As A Testbed,
2021
Old Dominion University
Detrital Neodymium And (Radio)Carbon As Complementary Sedimentary Bedfellows? The Western Arctic Ocean As A Testbed, Melissa S. Schwab, Jörg D. Rickli, Robie W. Macdonald, H. Rodger Harvey, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton
OES Faculty Publications
Interactions between organic and detrital mineral phases strongly influence both the dispersal and accumulation of terrestrial organic carbon (OC) in continental margin sediments. Yet the complex interplay among biological, chemical, and physical processes limits our understanding of how organo-mineral interactions evolve during sediment transfer and burial. In particular, diverse OC sources and complex hydrodynamic processes hinder the assessment of how the partnership of organic matter and its mineral host evolves during supply and dispersal over continental margins. In this study, we integrate new and compiled sedimentological (grain size, surface area), organic (%OC, OC-δ13C, OC-F14C), and inorganic …
