Spatial And Seasonal Variability Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Number Concentrations Over The Extended North African Continent And The Mediterranean,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
Spatial And Seasonal Variability Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Number Concentrations Over The Extended North African Continent And The Mediterranean, Hesham Abdel-Monem Afify Hassan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The spatiotemporal variability of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration is investigated over the extended domain of the North African continent and Mediterranean which is an essential step for better understanding of aerosol-cloud interactions and associated climate impacts over the region. The study is performed by analyzing the output for the period from 2004 to 2011 from the well-validated global chemistry and aerosol transport model GEOS-Chem-APM. The analysis shows that the dominant aerosol type for CCN number concentration is secondary particles all over the domain. Spatial analysis reveals the existence of four characteristic subdomains of variability: over the Mediterranean and …
A Climatology Of Lower-Stratospheric Fronts Over North America,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
A Climatology Of Lower-Stratospheric Fronts Over North America, Hannah Elizabeth Attard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A two-part analysis, from a: (1) climatology and composite and (2) case study perspective, were used to examine robust lower-stratospheric fronts identified during eight winter seasons from 2004-2012 in North America. In Part 1, a climatology was constructed from the 184 identified cases of North American lower-stratospheric fronts associated with upper-level jet-front systems. The climatology and composite analyses of these identified cases reveal that there are substantial differences in the environmental characteristics and structure of lower-stratospheric fronts that develop in the Intermountain West and eastern North America regions. These differences exist in all flow directions and suggest that quasigeostrophic diagnostics …
The Spectrum Of Progressive Derecho Formation Environments,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Spectrum Of Progressive Derecho Formation Environments, Corey Guastini
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Progressive derechos are severe mesoscale convective systems that often form east of the Rocky Mountains during the warm season (May–August) and cause, by definition, straight-line wind damage along paths upwards of 400 km long. This study develops a subjective, seven-category classification scheme that spans the spectrum of progressive derecho formation environments from those dominated by robust upper-level ridges to those characterized by vigorous upper-level troughs. A climatology of 256 progressive derecho events is created for 1996–2013 and is categorized according to the developed classification scheme. Derecho initiation-relative composites are constructed for each of the seven groups using 0.5° Climate Forecast …
Dynamical And Thermodynamic Processes Contributing To Thundersnow Events Over The Northeast U.S,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
Dynamical And Thermodynamic Processes Contributing To Thundersnow Events Over The Northeast U.S, Kyle Jacob Meier
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Thundersnow often occurs in conjunction with mesoscale snowbands and may be associated with regions of locally heavy snowfall (15-30 cm) and intense snowfall rates (5-10 cm/h). The availability of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) system and operational Doppler weather radars during the past 20 years has allowed meteorologists to produce comprehensive national lightning maps and to identify localized areas of enhanced snowfall associated with thundersnow. The purpose of this thesis is to take advantage of the NLDN data and other contemporary observing systems in order to construct climatological, composite, and case study analyses of the atmospheric environment during thundersnow …
A Comparative Study Of Sea Level Reconstruction Techniques Using 20 Years Of Satellite Altimetry Data,
2014
Old Dominion University
A Comparative Study Of Sea Level Reconstruction Techniques Using 20 Years Of Satellite Altimetry Data, M. W. Strassburg, B. D. Hamlington, R. R. Leben, K.-Y. Kim
CCPO Publications
Sea level reconstructions extend spatially dense data sets, such as those from satellite altimetry, by decomposing the data set into basis functions and fitting those functions to in situ tide gauge measurements with a longer temporal record. We compare and evaluate two methods for reconstructing sea level through an idealized study. The compared sea level reconstruction methods differ in the technique for calculating basis functions, i.e., empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) versus cyclostationary EOFs (CSEOFs). Reconstructions are created using Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) satellite altimetry data and synthetic tide gauges. Synthetic tide gauge records are simulated using …
Morphology And Mixing State Of Atmospheric Particles: Links To Optical Properties And Cloud Processing,
2014
Michigan Technological University
Morphology And Mixing State Of Atmospheric Particles: Links To Optical Properties And Cloud Processing, Swarup China
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in Earth’s atmosphere and impact the environment and the climate while affecting human health and Earth’s radiation balance, and degrading visibility. Atmospheric particles directly affect our planet’s radiation budget by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly by interacting with clouds. Single particle morphology (shape, size and internal structure) and mixing state (coating by organic and inorganic material) can significantly influence the particle optical properties as well as various microphysical processes, involving cloud-particle interactions and including heterogeneous ice nucleation and water uptake. Conversely, aerosol cloud processing can affect the morphology and mixing of the particles. For …
Investigating The Role Of The Contact Line In Heterogeneous Nucleation With High Speed Imaging,
2014
Michigan Technological University
Investigating The Role Of The Contact Line In Heterogeneous Nucleation With High Speed Imaging, Colin Gurganus
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
While nucleation of solids in supercooled liquids is ubiquitous [15, 65, 66], surface crystallization, the tendency for freezing to begin preferentially at the liquid-gas interface, has remained puzzling [74, 18, 68, 69, 51, 64, 72, 16]. Here we employ high-speed imaging of supercooled water drops to study the phenomenon of heterogeneous surface crystallization. Our geometry avoids the "point-like contact" of prior experiments by providing a simple, symmetric contact line (triple line defined by the substrate-liquid-air interface) for a drop resting on a homogeneous silicon substrate. We examine three possible mechanisms that might explain these laboratory observations: (i) Line Tension at …
Validation Of Mipas Imk/Iaa V5r_O3_224 Ozone Profiles,
2014
Old Dominion University
Validation Of Mipas Imk/Iaa V5r_O3_224 Ozone Profiles, A. Laeng, U. Grabowski, T. Von Clarmann, G. Stiller, N. Glatthor, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, S. Lossow, P. F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
We present the results of an extensive validation program of the most recent version of ozone vertical profiles retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) research level 2 processor from version 5 spectral level 1 data. The time period covered corresponds to the reduced spectral resolution period of the MIPAS instrument, i.e., January 2005-April 2012. The comparison with satellite instruments includes all post-2005 satellite limb and occultation sensors that have measured the vertical profiles of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone: ACE-FTS, GOMOS, HALOE, HIRDLS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM, …
Global Stratospheric Fluorine Inventory For 2004-2009 From Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Ace-Fts) Measurements And Slimcat Model Simulations,
2014
Old Dominion University
Global Stratospheric Fluorine Inventory For 2004-2009 From Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Ace-Fts) Measurements And Slimcat Model Simulations, A. T. Brown, M. P. Chipperfield, N. A. D. Richards, C. Boone, P. F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Fluorine-containing species can be extremely effective atmospheric greenhouse gases. We present fluorine budgets using organic and inorganic species retrieved by the ACE-FTS satellite instrument supplemented with output from the SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. The budgets are calculated between 2004 and 2009 for a number of latitude bands: 70-30 °N, 30-00 °N, 00 °N-30 °S, and 30-70°S. At lower altitudes total fluorine profiles are dominated by the contribution from CFC-12, up to an altitude of 20 km in the extra-tropics and 29 km in the tropics; above these altitudes the profiles are dominated by hydrogen fluoride (HF). Our data show …
Technical Note: Swift - A Fast Semi-Empirical Model For Polar Stratospheric Ozone Loss,
2014
Old Dominion University
Technical Note: Swift - A Fast Semi-Empirical Model For Polar Stratospheric Ozone Loss, M. Rex, S. Kremser, P. Huck, G. Bodeker, I. Wohltmann, M. L. Santee, P. F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
An extremely fast model to estimate the degree of stratospheric ozone depletion during polar winters is described. It is based on a set of coupled differential equations that simulate the seasonal evolution of vortex-averaged hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), active forms of chlorine (ClOx = Cl+ClO+2ClOOCl) and ozone (O3) on isentropic levels within the polar vortices. Terms in these equations account for the chemical and physical processes driving the time rate of change of these species. Eight empirical fit coefficients associated with these terms are derived by iteratively fitting the equations …
Derivation Of Tropospheric Methane From Tccon Ch4 And Hf Total Column Observations,
2014
Old Dominion University
Derivation Of Tropospheric Methane From Tccon Ch4 And Hf Total Column Observations, K. M. Saad, D. Wunch, P. Bernath, C. Boone, B. Connor, N. M. Deutscher, D.W.T. Griffith, R. Kivi, J. Notholt, C. Roehl, M. Schneider, V. Sherlock, P. O. Wennberg
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is a global ground-based network of Fourier transform spectrometers that produce precise measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of atmospheric methane (CH4). Temporal variability in the total column of CH4 due to stratospheric dynamics obscures fluctuations and trends driven by tropospheric transport and local surface fluxes that are critical for understanding CH4 sources and sinks. We reduce the contribution of stratospheric variability from the total column average by subtracting an estimate of the stratospheric CH4 derived from simultaneous measurements of hydrogen fluoride (HF). HF provides a proxy for …
Middle Atmospheric Changes Caused By The January And March 2012 Solar Proton Events,
2014
Old Dominion University
Middle Atmospheric Changes Caused By The January And March 2012 Solar Proton Events, C. H. Jackman, C. E. Randall, V. L. Harvey, S. Wang, E. L. Fleming, M. López-Puertas, B. Funke, P. F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The recent 23-30 January and 7-11 March 2012 solar proton event (SPE) periods were substantial and caused significant impacts on the middle atmosphere. These were the two largest SPE periods of solar cycle 24 so far. The highly energetic solar protons produced considerable ionization of the neutral atmosphere as well as HOx (H, OH, HO2) and NOx (N, NO, NO2). We compute a NOx production of 1.9 and 2.1 Gigamoles due to these SPE periods in January and March 2012, respectively, which places these SPE periods among the 12 largest in the past 50 yr. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) …
Light Scattering From Aerosol Particles In The El Paso Del Norte Region / The Effect Of Humidity,
2014
University of Texas at El Paso
Light Scattering From Aerosol Particles In The El Paso Del Norte Region / The Effect Of Humidity, Richard Medina Calderon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in climate forcing, through scattering and absorption of the incoming solar radiation. The extinction of light by the presence of atmospheric aerosols was studied using two first-principle models, and corresponding computer codes. In the first model the extinction of light from irregularly shaped aerosol particles was analyzed. In the second model it was assumed that the irregularly shaped aerosol particles were covered by a film of water, and the hygroscopicity and the extinction of light by the aerosols was analyzed. These models were then applied to the Paso del Norte region and their light …
Characterizing The Tgt-Lightning Relationship Using Entln,
2014
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Characterizing The Tgt-Lightning Relationship Using Entln, Kareem Omar
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Impact Of Desert Dust And Biomass Burning On The Radiative Budget Of The Sahel,
2014
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Impact Of Desert Dust And Biomass Burning On The Radiative Budget Of The Sahel, Christopher Phillips
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Two-Source Energy Balance Model To Calculate E, T, And Et: Comparison Of Priestley-Taylor And Penman-Monteith Formulations And Two Time Scaling Methods,
2014
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Two-Source Energy Balance Model To Calculate E, T, And Et: Comparison Of Priestley-Taylor And Penman-Monteith Formulations And Two Time Scaling Methods, Paul D. Colaizzi, Nurit Agam, Judy A. Tolk, Steven R. Evett, Terry A. Howell, Prasanna H. Gowda, Susan A. O'Shaughnessy, William P. Kustas, Martha C. Anderson
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
The two-source energy balance (TSEB) model calculates the energy balance of the soil-canopy-atmosphere continuum, where transpiration is initially determined by the Priestley-Taylor equation. The TSEB was revised recently using the Penman-Monteith equation to replace the Priestley-Taylor formulation, thus better accounting for the impact of large and varying vapor pressure deficits (VPD) typical of advective, semiarid climates. This study is a comparison of the Priestley- Taylor and Penman-Monteith versions of the TSEB (termed TSEB-PT and TSEB-PM, respectively). Evaporation (E), transpiration (T), and evapotranspiration (ET) calculated by the TSEB-PT and TSEB-PM versions were compared to measurements obtained with microlysimeters, sap flow gauges, …
Coupling Of Pre-Monsoon Tropical Cyclones With The Monsoon Onset In Myanmar,
2014
Utah State University
Coupling Of Pre-Monsoon Tropical Cyclones With The Monsoon Onset In Myanmar, B. O. Fosu, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The pre-monsoon tropical cyclone (TC) activity and the monsoon evolution in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are both influenced by the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), but the two do not always occur in unison. This study examines the conditions that allow the MJO to modulate the monsoon onset in Myanmar and TC activity concurrently. Using the APHRODITE gridded precipitation and the ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets, composite evolutions of monsoon rainfall and TC genesis are constructed for the period of 1979–2010. It is found that the MJO exhibits a strong interannual variability in terms of phase and intensity, which in some years modulate …
Tropical Pacific Influence On The Source And Transport Of Marine Aerosols To West Antarctica,
2014
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Tropical Pacific Influence On The Source And Transport Of Marine Aerosols To West Antarctica, Alison S. Criscitiello, Sarah B. Das, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Matthew J. Evans, Karen E. Frey, Ian Joughin, Eric J. Steig, Joseph R. Mcconnell, Brooke Medley
Geography
The climate of West Antarctica is strongly influenced by remote forcing from the tropical Pacific. For example, recent surface warming over West Antarctica reflects atmospheric circulation changes over the Amundsen Sea, driven by an atmospheric Rossby wave response to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. Here, it is demonstrated that tropical Pacific SST anomalies also influence the source and transport of marine-derived aerosols to theWest Antarctic Ice Sheet. Using records from four firn cores collected along the Amundsen coast of West Antarctica, the relationship between sea ice-modulated chemical species and large-scale atmospheric variability in the tropical Pacific from 1979 to …
Characterization Of The Atmospheric Effects On The Transmission Of Thermal Radiation,
2014
Michigan Technological University
Characterization Of The Atmospheric Effects On The Transmission Of Thermal Radiation, Mohamed E. Hanafy
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Atmospheric scattering plays a crucial rule in degrading the performance of electro optical imaging systems operating in the visible and infra-red spectral bands, and hence limits the quality of the acquired images, either through reduction of contrast or increase of image blur. The exact nature of light scattering by atmospheric media is highly complex and depends on the types, orientations, sizes and distributions of particles constituting these media, as well as wavelengths, polarization states and directions of the propagating radiation. Here we follow the common approach for solving imaging and propagation problems by treating the propagating light through atmospheric media …
Modeling Dynamics Of Ozone And Nitrogen Oxides At Summit, Greenland With A 1-D Process-Scale Model,
2014
Michigan Technological University
Modeling Dynamics Of Ozone And Nitrogen Oxides At Summit, Greenland With A 1-D Process-Scale Model, Keenan Anton Murray
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
This work presents a 1-D process scale model used to investigate the chemical dynamics and temporal variability of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) within and above snowpack at Summit, Greenland for March-May 2009 and estimates surface exchange of NOx between the snowpack and surface layer in April-May 2009. The model assumes the surface of snowflakes have a Liquid Like Layer (LLL) where aqueous chemistry occurs and interacts with the interstitial air of the snowpack. Model parameters and initialization are physically and chemically representative of snowpack at Summit, Greenland and model results are compared to …
