From Hector Mine M7.1 To Ridgecrest M7.1 Earthquake. A Look From A 20-Year Perspective,
2021
Russian Academy of Sciences
From Hector Mine M7.1 To Ridgecrest M7.1 Earthquake. A Look From A 20-Year Perspective, Sergey Pulinets, Marina Tsidilina, Dimitar Ouzounov, Dmitry Davidenko
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The paper provides a comparative analysis of precursory phenomena in the ionosphere and atmosphere for two strong earthquakes of the same magnitude M7.1 that happened in the same region (North-East from Los Angeles) within a time span of 20 years, the Hector Mine and Ridgecrest earthquakes. Regardless of the similarity of their location (South-Eastern California, near 160 km one from another), there was one essential difference: the Hector Mine earthquake happened during geomagnetically disturbed conditions (essential in the sense of ionospheric precursors identification). In contrast, the quiet geomagnetic conditions characterized the period around the time of the Ridgecrest earthquake. The …
Monthly And Seasonal Rainfall Concentrations And Predictability In Tanzania,
2021
Physical Sciences Department, Open University of Tanzania, P.O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Monthly And Seasonal Rainfall Concentrations And Predictability In Tanzania, Pasvolo Mwinuka, Christian Uiso, Ladslaus Chang’A, Mwingereza Kumwenda
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study aimed at determining the monthly and seasonal rainfall concentration, predictability and the changes in rainfall seasons in Tanzania. Rainfall predictability was determined using Colwell’s indices, Rainfall Concentration Index (RCI) and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Results showed that rainfall in December–February (DJF), January–March (JFM) and February–April (FMA) has predictability due to constancy of 60%, RCI ≤ 9 and CV < 0.4 in Lake zone, Central zone, Southern Coast zone, Western and Southern Highlands zone. Rainfall in October to December (OND) was reliable in the Island zone, North-Eastern highlands zone and Northern coast zone with an average predictability due to constancy of 65%. In the Lake zone, all seasons (DJF, JFM, FMA, MAM, OND and DJFMAM) had uniform rainfall distribution (RCI = 8.7, CV = 0.35) and predictability due to constancy of 80% which leads to the conclusion that Lake Zone has unimodal rainfall distribution. Rainfall predictability in Tanzania has a West-East gradient. The western zones had an average predictability due to constancy of 68%. In general, rainfall in Tanzania is observed to be highly variable; only 20% of the predictability is concerned with reliability in the rainfall occurrence within the seasons and 80% is due to seasonality. Keywords: Rainfall concentration index; predictability; coefficient of variation; seasonality; constancy.
Air Quality Over Major Cities Of Saudi Arabia During Hajj Periods Of 2019 And 2020,
2021
King Fahd University of Petroleum, and Minerals
Air Quality Over Major Cities Of Saudi Arabia During Hajj Periods Of 2019 And 2020, Ashraf Farahat, Akshansha Chauhan, Mohammed Al Otaibi, Ramesh P. Singh
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Mecca and Madinah are two holy cities where millions of people in general, visit throughout the years, during Hajj (Muslim's pilgrimage) time number of people visit these holy cities from different parts of the world is very high. However, the Government of Saudi Arabia only allowed 1000 pilgrims during the 2020 Hajj especially when the world is suffering from COVID-19. In the present paper, a detailed analysis of air quality parameters available from ground measurements have been carried over major cities of Saudi Arabia, Mecca, Madinah, and Jeddah from June to September 2019 and 2020. At Mecca and Jeddah, PM …
Statistical Analysis And Comparison Of Optical Classification Of Atmospheric Aerosol Lidar Data,
2021
Old Dominion University
Statistical Analysis And Comparison Of Optical Classification Of Atmospheric Aerosol Lidar Data, Mohammed Alqawba, Norou Diawara, Kwasi G. Afrifa, Mohamed I. Elbakary, Mecit Cetin, Khan Iftekharuddin
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
In this article, we present a new study for the analysis and classification of atmospheric aerosols in remote sensing LIDAR data. Information on particle size and associated properties are extracted from these remote sensing atmospheric data which are collected by a ground-based LIDAR system. This study first considers optical LIDAR parameter-based classification methods for clustering and classification of different types of harmful aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Since accurate methods for aerosol prediction behaviors are based upon observed data, computational approaches must overcome design limitations, and consider appropriate calibration and estimation accuracy. Consequently, two statistical methods based on generalized linear …
Impacts Of Hurricane Maria On Land And Convection Modification Over Puerto Rico,
2021
CUNY La Guardia Community College
Impacts Of Hurricane Maria On Land And Convection Modification Over Puerto Rico, Nathan Hosannah, Prathap Ramamurthy, J. Marti, Jonathan Munoz, Jorge E. González
Publications and Research
Hurricane Maria drastically altered the landscape across the island of Puerto Rico. This article investigates modifications to surface-atmospheric interactions due to Hurricane Maria induced land damage and the associated impacts on local convective dynamics. Herein, we employed LANDSAT-8 image mosaics to quantify the hurricane induced land modification. Results of the analysis indicate that the island suffered significant forest damage—much of which registered as a 28.35% increase in barren land and a 10.85% increase in pasture. Smaller changes included a decrease in cultivated agricultural land cover by 0.76%, along with wetland and water increases of 0.62% and 0.25%, respectively. Pre and …
Optical And Physicochemical Properties Of Atmospherically Processed Brown Carbon Using Novel First-Principle Instrumentation,
2021
Washington University in St. Louis
Optical And Physicochemical Properties Of Atmospherically Processed Brown Carbon Using Novel First-Principle Instrumentation, Benjamin Sumlin
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
Atmospheric processing of brown carbon (BrC) – a class of spherical, internally-mixed, light-absorbing organic aerosol – emitted from smoldering biomass combustion is an understudied phenomenon with implications for climate science, air quality models, and satellite retrieval algorithms. BrC aerosols have received significant attention as a strong contributor to atmospheric light absorption in the shorter visible wavelengths and a driver of UV photochemistry. Their complex refractive indices (m=n+ik), size distributions, and carbon oxidation states dictate their optical properties, atmospheric residence times, and chemical interactions, respectively. There is currently a gap in our understanding of these fundamental particle properties and their evolution …
Bioscatter Transport By Tropical Cyclones: Insights From 10 Years In The Atlantic Basin,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Bioscatter Transport By Tropical Cyclones: Insights From 10 Years In The Atlantic Basin, Matthew S. Van Den Broeke
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications
Tropical cyclones (TCs) can transport birds and insects near their center of circulation. In this study, we examined the maximum altitude, area and density of the radar-derived bioscatter signature across a set of 42 TC centers of circulation sampled from 2011 to 2020. All TC events contained at least one time when a bioscatter signature was present. More intense hurricanes with closed eyes typically had taller and denser bioscatter signatures, and sometimes larger areas dominated by bioscatter. This indicated a larger number of organisms within the circulation of more intense hurricanes, supporting the speculation that those storms were most likely …
The Impact Of Initial Snow Conditions On The Numerical Weather Simulation Of A Northern Rockies Atmospheric River,
2021
Boise State University
The Impact Of Initial Snow Conditions On The Numerical Weather Simulation Of A Northern Rockies Atmospheric River, William Rudisill, Alejandro Flores, James Mcnamara
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
Snow’s thermal and radiative properties strongly impact the land surface energy balance and thus the atmosphere above it. Land surface snow information is poorly known in mountainous regions. Few studies have examined the impact of initial land surface snow conditions in high-resolution, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction models during the midlatitude cool season. The extent to which land surface snow influences atmospheric energy transport and subsequent surface meteorological states is tested using a high-resolution (1 km) configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, for both calm conditions and weather characteristic of a warm late March atmospheric river. A set …
Odu Professors Study Gulf Stream Decline,
2021
Old Dominion University
On The Improvements Of Boundary-Layer Representation For High Resolution Weather Forecasting In Costal-Urban Environments,
2021
CUNY City College
On The Improvements Of Boundary-Layer Representation For High Resolution Weather Forecasting In Costal-Urban Environments, David Melecio-Vazquez
Dissertations and Theses
As large urban centers around the world become more densely populated, the global conversion from natural to man-made land surfaces will only increase. These land-use changes affect the urban surface energy budget which in turn changes the structure of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) above. With current high-performance computing systems, meteorological and built environment information can be better utilized to quantify the anthropogenic effects of these modifications. Although these systems have improved forecasting near-surface weather conditions, a comprehensive approach to represent urban impacts on the PBL is still limited. Improved PBL representation can lead to better weather and climate forecasts, …
Carbon Dioxide And Particulate Matter Concentration On Hampton Roads Air Quality,
2021
Old Dominion University
Carbon Dioxide And Particulate Matter Concentration On Hampton Roads Air Quality, Gregory Hubbard
OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal
Hampton Roads has been a maritime crossroads for the last 400 years. Industrialization has impacted the coastal region for the last 250 years. The expansion of the Port of Virginia in 2019 has created dense traffic in the region resulting in impacts to air quality. Two waste products that affect humans are particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Both respective emissions can cause adverse effects on humans, such as asthma, some lung cancers, and other respiratory distress. Scientists and health practitioners are studying the effects of particulate matter on human health. Hampton Roads, in particular, because of its unique location on …
Lift In The Vertical Shear Of Southerly Jet Embedded In A Uniform Westerly Flow,
2021
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Lift In The Vertical Shear Of Southerly Jet Embedded In A Uniform Westerly Flow, Qi Hu, George Limpert
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications
A new mechanism is proposed as a potential cause for the one-third of warm season severe nocturnal convection in the U.S. Great Plains that develops in environments without the presence of air mass boundaries of fronts or mesoscale systems. This mechanism is tested in two- and three dimensional models. Results show strong ascent (~1.0 m/s) sufficient for nocturnal convection initiation, arising from interactions of mean westerly zonal wind with the vertical shear of a northern vortex and also perturbation westerly winds that are created by the Coriolis torque on the Great Plains southerly low-level jet. The interaction involving the northern …
A Model-Based Exploratory Study Of Sulfur Dioxide Dispersions From Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations In The Southeastern United States,
2021
Western Kentucky University
A Model-Based Exploratory Study Of Sulfur Dioxide Dispersions From Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations In The Southeastern United States, Jesse Winchester, Rezaul Mahmood, William Rodgers, Philip J. Silva, Nanh Lovanh, Joshua D. Durkee, John Loughrin
High Plains Regional Climate Center: Staff Publications
In the Southeastern U. S. there are Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) that emit a variety of gases, including SO2. Sulfur is emitted as reduced sulfur compounds and can react in the atmosphere to produce SO2. It is expected that the concentration and spread of SO2 emissions from these sources would differ between wet and dry periods. In this research, SO2 emissions from locations representing CAFOs and its dispersion over the southeastern U.S. were simulated through sensitivity experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF- Chem) model. Simulations were performed for dry periods and …
The Role Of Oxygen In Stimulating Methane Production In Wetlands,
2021
Old Dominion University
The Role Of Oxygen In Stimulating Methane Production In Wetlands, Jared L. Wilmoth, Jeffra K. Schaefer, Danielle R. Schlesinger, Spencer W. Roth, Patrick G. Hatcher, Julie K. Shoemaker, Xinning Zhang
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, is the second most important greenhouse gas contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide (CO2). The biological emissions of CH4 from wetlands are a major uncertainty in CH4 budgets. Microbial methanogenesis by Archaea is an anaerobic process accounting for most biological CH4 production in nature, yet recent observations indicate that large emissions can originate from oxygenated or frequently oxygenated wetland soil layers. To determine how oxygen (O2) can stimulate CH4 emissions, we used incubations of Sphagnum peat to demonstrate that the temporary exposure of …
Intercomparisons Of Three Global Bottom-Up Anthropogenic Emission Inventories: Implications For Air Quality,
2021
Wayne State University
Intercomparisons Of Three Global Bottom-Up Anthropogenic Emission Inventories: Implications For Air Quality, Halima Salah
Wayne State University Theses
Air pollution from human activities plays an important role in affecting ambient air quality, climate change and human health. To provide changes in global environmental policies to reduce air pollution, emission inventories are critical as they aide in the understanding of air quality impacts across multiple scales. The state-of-the-science global bottom-up anthropogenic emission inventories are the Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants version 6b (ECLIPSEv6b) for emissions from 1990-2050, Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 5.0 (EDGARv5) for emissions from 1970-2015, and the Community Emissions Data System that was released in April 2021 (CEDS) for …
Seasonal Variations And Long-Term Trend Of Mineral Dust And The Effects Of Dust On Cloud And Precipitations,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Seasonal Variations And Long-Term Trend Of Mineral Dust And The Effects Of Dust On Cloud And Precipitations, Yanda Zhang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
For its enormous emission rate and long-range transport ability, mineral dust is one of the most abundant aerosol species, contributing to about half of the global atmospheric aerosol dry mass burden. A series of studies demonstrated the significant influences of mineral dust on air quality, public health, biogeochemical cycles, and climate systems. In the atmosphere, mineral dust is known to have important impacts on the Earth system through direct effects (scattering and absorbing shortwave and longwave radiations), semi-direct effects (changing atmospheric temperature structure and cloud lifetime), and indirect effects (influencing cloud microphysics processes as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating …
Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Interaction : Sensitivity Of Weather Forecast Models To Complex Land Surface Conditions In New York State,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Interaction : Sensitivity Of Weather Forecast Models To Complex Land Surface Conditions In New York State, Lanxi Min
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The land-atmosphere coupling system is important for the simulation of key quantities like surface temperature, precipitation, and radiative energy. Over the complex terrain of New York State, the land-atmosphere coupling process is quite complex and misrepresenting the coupling processes could lead to strong biases. Evaluating the weather forecasting models is vital for enhancing understanding of physical and processes and further improving the model forecasting. A comprehensive observation network, the New York State Mesonet (NYSM) provides a great opportunity to investigate how the land atmosphere coupling process are simulated over complex terrain region. This research includes three components. In first part, …
The Role Of Ammonia In Atmospheric New Particle Formation And Implications For Cloud Condensation Nuclei,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Role Of Ammonia In Atmospheric New Particle Formation And Implications For Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Arshad Arjunan Nair
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Atmospheric ammonia has received recent attention due to (a) its increasing trend across various regions of the globe; (b) the associated direct and indirect (through PM2.5) effects on human health, the ecosystem, and climate; and (c) recent evidence of its role in significantly enhancing atmospheric new particle formation (NPF or nucleation) rates. The mechanisms behind nucleation in the atmosphere are not fully understood, although over the last decade there have been significant developments in our understanding. This dissertation aims at improving our understanding of atmospheric ammonia in the atmosphere, its spatiotemporal variability, its role in atmospheric new particle formation, and …
The Impact Of North Pacific And North Atlantic Baroclinic Cyclones On Downstream Predictability,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Impact Of North Pacific And North Atlantic Baroclinic Cyclones On Downstream Predictability, Adam Wayne Sisco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Baroclinic cyclogenesis can act as an impulsive disturbance along the midlatitude waveguide and promote the dispersion of Rossby waves, potentially impacting the predictability of the downstream midlatitude flow. Indeed, several studies have traced medium-range forecast errors and uncertainties to upstream cyclone development, especially when diabatic processes are involved in modifying the upper-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) distribution. However, it remains unclear why some forecasts downstream of cyclogenesis are particularly uncertain while others are not. This study uses a 30-yr (1985–2014) sample of cool-season North Pacific and North Atlantic baroclinic cyclones and forecasts from the second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) reforecast …
Identifying The Microphysical Sensitivities Of Mesoscale And Synoptic Precipitation Using An Ensemble Framework,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Identifying The Microphysical Sensitivities Of Mesoscale And Synoptic Precipitation Using An Ensemble Framework, Lauriana Gaudet
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Through ensemble sensitivity analysis, this dissertation aims to identify the amount of forecast uncertainty that stems from the representation of mixed-phase cloud microphysics within the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The first research thrust focuses on how the evolution of ice crystal shape and choice of ice nucleation parameterization in the Adaptive Habit Microphysics Model (AHM) influences the lake-effect storm that occurred during Intensive Operating Period 4 (IOP4) of the Ontario Winter Lake Effect Systems (OWLeS) Field Campaign. This localized snowstorm produced total liquid-equivalent precipitation amounts up to 17.92 mm during a 16-hour time period, providing a natural laboratory …
