Relationship Between Solar Energetic Particle He/H Abundance Ratios And Properties Of Flares And Cmes,
2021
Air Force Institute of Technology
Relationship Between Solar Energetic Particle He/H Abundance Ratios And Properties Of Flares And Cmes, Christopher R. Davidson
Theses and Dissertations
Previous studies have investigated the He/H elemental abundance ratios of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) Events of energies above 4 MeV. Also, studies have investigated the correlations between SEPs, Coronal Mass Ejections (CME), and Solar Flares. This work finds the correlations between the >4 MeV He/H abundance ratios and the solar parameters from the SEP, CME, and solar flare associated with the abundance increases. 43 SEP events located at solar west longitude are analyzed to find the correlation coefficients. Highly significant correlation was found between the He/H abundance ratios and the following parameters: solar flare flux, solar flare fluence, CME linear …
Development And Verification Of Extreme Space Weather Phenomena Models,
2021
Air Force Institute of Technology
Development And Verification Of Extreme Space Weather Phenomena Models, Sophia G. Schwalbe
Theses and Dissertations
A range of 14 M-class flares from 1 June 2015 to 27 September 2016 were analyzed to find significant trends in electron frequency profile modeling using the GLobal airglOW (GLOW) model and radar parameters using a ray tracing algorithm developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory. GLOW was run for all the flares using three different solar spectrum schemes and an average of the three: the Hinteregger method, EUV flux model for aeronomic calculations (EUVAC), and a rebinned Flare Irradiance Spectrum Model (FISM) result. Comparing data for the E-layer where GLOW is most accurate, it was determined that GLOW using …
Profiling Atmospheric Turbulence Using A Dynamically Ranged Rayleigh Beacon System,
2021
Air Force Institute of Technology
Profiling Atmospheric Turbulence Using A Dynamically Ranged Rayleigh Beacon System, Steven M. Zuraski
Theses and Dissertations
The effect of turbulence on a long range imaging system manifest as an image blur effect usually quantified by the phase distortions present in a system. The blurring effect is conceivably understood on the basis of measured strength of atmospheric turbulence profiled within the propagation volume. One method for obtaining a turbulence strength profile is by use of a dynamically ranged Rayleigh beacon system that exploits strategically varied beacon ranges along the propagation path, effectively deducing estimates of specific path segment contributions of the blurring aberrations affecting an optical imaging system. A system utilizing this technique has been designed, and …
Unintended Consequences Of Air Cleaning Chemistry,
2021
Bucknell University
Unintended Consequences Of Air Cleaning Chemistry, Douglas B. Collins, Delphine K. Farmer
Faculty Journal Articles
Amplified interest in maintaining clean indoor air associated with the airborne transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 have led to an expansion in the market for commercially available air cleaning systems. While the optimal way to mitigate indoor air pollutants or contaminants is to control (remove) the source, air cleaners are a tool for use when absolute source control is not possible. Interventions for indoor air quality management include physical removal of pollutants through ventilation or collection on filters and sorbent materials, along with chemically reactive processes that transform pollutants or seek to deactivate biological entities. This perspective intends to highlight the …
Effects Of Climate Changes On Water Resources: A Case Of Mindu Dam In Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania,
2021
University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Geosciences P. O. Box 35052 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Effects Of Climate Changes On Water Resources: A Case Of Mindu Dam In Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania, Simon R Melchioly
Tanzania Journal of Science
This paper presents the findings of the research conducted in Morogoro Municipality, central Tanzania. The main objective of the research was to assess the climate change impacts on water resources, taking the Mindu Dam as the case study. The study methodology involved collection, processing and analysis of both primary and secondary data. Data collection involved acquisition of Dam water level data, climate data, and Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Research findings showed that the maximum air temperature increased at a rate of 0.045% on a span of 30 years, while rainfall has been decreasing with time. Also there has been a …
Large Eddy Simulations Of Turbulent And Buoyant Flows In Urban And Complex Terrain Areas Using The Aeolus Model,
2021
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Large Eddy Simulations Of Turbulent And Buoyant Flows In Urban And Complex Terrain Areas Using The Aeolus Model, Akshay A. Gowardhan, Dana L. Mcgufffin, Donald L. Lucas, Stephanie J. Neuscamman, Otto Alvarez, Lee G. Glascoe
Student Publications
Fast and accurate predictions of the flow and transport of materials in urban and complex terrain areas are challenging because of the heterogeneity of buildings and land features of different shapes and sizes connected by canyons and channels, which results in complex patterns of turbulence that can enhance material concentrations in certain regions. To address this challenge, we have developed an efficient three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code called Aeolus that is based on first principles for predicting transport and dispersion of materials in complex terrain and urban areas. The model can be run in a very efficient Reynolds average …
Beef Cow Operations During Drought: Dealing With More Than Dry Conditions,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Beef Cow Operations During Drought: Dealing With More Than Dry Conditions, Matthew Stockton
Cornhusker Economics
The most recent drought conditions have grown to cover a large portion of the west and the central United States, as shown in Figure 1. Those depending on rain continue to watch and hope that conditions will change, while implementing and considering various strategies to preserve their livelihoods. Those who have been in the business for years have seen other occasions when dry conditions limited forage production and created hardship. Each occurrence has varying outcomes, depending on the many factors faced by individuals. While drought may produce the same dry conditions for many, its effects are individualized. There are as …
Observations And Validation Of Plasma Density, Temperature, And O+ Abundance From A Langmuir Probe Onboard The International Space Station,
2021
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Observations And Validation Of Plasma Density, Temperature, And O+ Abundance From A Langmuir Probe Onboard The International Space Station, Shantanab Debchoudhury, Aroh Barjatya, Joseph I. Minow, Victoria N. Coffey, Michael O. Chandler
Publications
The Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) has been operational on board the International Space Station (ISS) since 2006. One of the instruments in the FPMU suite is a spherical wide-sweeping Langmuir probe, referred to as the WLP, which is sampled at a temporal cadence of 1 s giving in-situ measurements of the plasma density and electron temperature. In this study we present our refinements to the Langmuir probe analysis algorithm that address the uncertainties associated with photoelectron emission current from the metal probe. We also derive the fraction of O+ ions as a secondary data product, which shows decrease …
Venus Mountain Waves In The Upper Atmosphere Simulated By A Time-Invariant Linear Full-Wave Spectral Model,
2021
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Venus Mountain Waves In The Upper Atmosphere Simulated By A Time-Invariant Linear Full-Wave Spectral Model, Michael P. Hickey, Thomas Navarro, Gerald Schubert, Richard L. Walterscheid
Publications
A 2-D spectral full-wave model is described that simulates the generation and propagation of mountain waves over idealized topography in Venus’ atmosphere. Modeled temperature perturbations are compared with the Akatsuki observations. Lower atmosphere eddy diffusivity and stability play a major role in the upward propagation of gravity waves from their mountain sources. Two local times (LT) are considered. For LT = 11h the waves are blocked by a critical level near 100 km altitude, while for LT = 16 h the waves propagate into the thermosphere. As a result of the small scale height in the Venus thermosphere, for LT …
High Altitude Ballooning As A Platform For Measuring Ozone Uptake Over Agricultural Landscapes,
2021
Depaul University
High Altitude Ballooning As A Platform For Measuring Ozone Uptake Over Agricultural Landscapes, Thomas Sykora, Mark Potosnak
DePaul Discoveries
Measuring plant health is a key aspect in maximizing crop outputs. One often overlooked risk to crop fields is damage caused by stomatal ozone uptake; measuring this uptake is an important tool in understanding crop losses. Traditional methods for measuring plant ozone uptake are prohibitively expensive and rely on equipment that cannot easily be moved. Here, we propose high-altitude weather ballooning as a cost-effective alternative for measuring ozone uptake on a regional (~10 km) spatial scale. Ozonesounde data was obtained with weather balloons launched from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research station in Boulder, Colorado. This data was then …
Multi-Modal Data Fusion, Image Segmentation, And Object Identification Using Unsupervised Machine Learning: Conception, Validation, Applications, And A Basis For Multi-Modal Object Detection And Tracking,
2021
Chapman University
Multi-Modal Data Fusion, Image Segmentation, And Object Identification Using Unsupervised Machine Learning: Conception, Validation, Applications, And A Basis For Multi-Modal Object Detection And Tracking, Nicholas Lahaye
Computational and Data Sciences (PhD) Dissertations
Remote sensing and instrumentation is constantly improving and increasing in capability. Included within this, is the increase in amount of different instrument types, with various combinations of spatial and spectral resolutions, pointing angles, and various other instrument-specific qualities. While the increase in instruments, and therefore datasets, is a boon for those aiming to study the complexities of the various Earth systems, it can also present a large number of new challenges. With this information in mind, our group has set our aims on combining datasets with different spatial and spectral resolutions in an effective and as-general-as-possible way, with as little …
It Takes Two To Tango : Understanding The Processes That Lead To Simultaneous Changes In Tropical Cyclone Intensity And Size And Communicating The Associated Hazards To Emergency Managers,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
It Takes Two To Tango : Understanding The Processes That Lead To Simultaneous Changes In Tropical Cyclone Intensity And Size And Communicating The Associated Hazards To Emergency Managers, Emily A. Paltz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The severity of tropical cyclone (TC) hazards is modulated by both TC intensity and size. More intense TCs produce stronger storm surges and increase wind damage. Larger TCs potentially impact more people, increase the duration of TC hazards, produce stronger storm surges and increase the amount of rainfall and flooding. Thus, accurately forecasting both TC intensity and size and effectively communicating those forecasts are critical to properly preparing communities for TC impacts. Forecast accuracy can be improved by enhancing our understanding about the processes that cause changes in TC intensity and size. This research divides the Extended Best Track dataset …
Exploring Environmental And Methodological Sensitivities Of Forecasted And Observed Surface Winds And Gusts Using Underutilized Datasets,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Exploring Environmental And Methodological Sensitivities Of Forecasted And Observed Surface Winds And Gusts Using Underutilized Datasets, Alex Roslyn Gallagher
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Accurate forecasts and reliable observations of surface mean winds and gusts inhabit a vast and essential role in meteorological applications that range from wind energy, atmospheric transport, fire weather, and hazard assessment. This dissertation aims to address and explore known shortfalls in the prediction of mean winds and gusts as well as enhance evaluation and understanding of observed surface wind measurements. A variety of forecasts, methodologies, and observational dataset, many of which have been previously un- or under-utilized, are leveraged to tackle the differing needs of assessing mean winds, gusts, and the surface environment.Detailed verifications of HRRR (version 3 and …
Theoretical And Observational Analysis Of Ice Particles For Improvement Of Ice Microphysical Models,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Theoretical And Observational Analysis Of Ice Particles For Improvement Of Ice Microphysical Models, Vanessa Przybylo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Frozen hydrometeors can grow to acquire a multitude of shapes and sizes, which influence the distribution of mass within cloud systems. Aggregates have a variety of formations based on initial ice particle size, shape, falling orientation, and the number of particles that collect. This work employs the theoretical Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator (IPAS) as a statistical tool to repetitively collect ice crystals to derive bulk aggregate characteristics.
Objective Methodology To Identify The Sea Breeze Circulation And Associated Low-Level Jet In The New York Bight,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Objective Methodology To Identify The Sea Breeze Circulation And Associated Low-Level Jet In The New York Bight, Elizabeth J. Mccabe
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
While the sea breeze has been studied for decades, in a complicated mid-latitude coastal region such as the New York Bight (NYB), the general thermodynamic structure and dynamics of the circulation is poorly characterized. The East Coast of the United States has become a critical area for offshore wind farm development, including a generally favorable wind resource, relatively shallow waters on an extensive continental shelf, frequent warm season sea breezes, and proximity to large populated areas. Thus the sea breeze will play a key role in the new energy economy, given the favorable wind speeds and capacity factors during periods …
A Mechanism For Upscale Growth Of Convection In The Complex Terrain Of The Northeast U.S,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
A Mechanism For Upscale Growth Of Convection In The Complex Terrain Of The Northeast U.S, Brennan Joseph Stutsrim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Upstate New York has a variety of complex terrain that can interact with the background flow to create mesoscale heterogeneities in the lower troposphere. The major valleys of Upstate New York, the Hudson and Mohawk Valleys, often have increased moisture content and stronger surface winds than the higher terrain surrounding them. These features can have a profound effect on the evolution of convective storms, especially in cases characterized by low-to-moderate shear, which tends to favor pulse-like or multicellular convection. Analysis of composite radar imagery has indicated that convective storms often change mode while descending from the Catskills Mountains into the …
Predictability Issues Associated With Near-Freezing Precipitation Type In Complex Terrain,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
Predictability Issues Associated With Near-Freezing Precipitation Type In Complex Terrain, Matthew Seymour
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Predictability challenges are heightened in winter weather forecasting when the environment for high-impact weather is marginal or varies over short distances. High-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP), such as the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR), and ensemble forecast systems, such as the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), are useful for constraining forecasts. However, their use can be challenging in marginal, near-freezing, situations when precipitation type is uncertain. Uncertainties in planetary boundary layer (PBL) and microphysics (MP) parameterizations and subtle synoptic-scale model errors brought on by differences in initial and lateral boundary conditions (IC/BCs) complicate the p-type forecast. Further, complex terrain, such as …
The Effect Of Differential Friction On Tropical Cyclone Development Close To Land,
2021
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Effect Of Differential Friction On Tropical Cyclone Development Close To Land, Minghao Zhou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Hurricane Karl (2010) underwent unexpected rapid intensification in the Bay of Campeche while remaining in close proximity (within 150 km) to land. It is hypothesized that the frictionally-enhanced inflow contributed positively to this evolution, despite reduced surface fluxes and increased momentum loss over land. In this study, the role of differential friction in the development of a tropical cyclone (TC) tracking parallel to a coastline is examined based on this prototype.A series of high-resolution, semi-idealized numerical simulations with full physics were conducted on a β-plane with curvature effects of the Earth. After initializing a TC from a synoptic-scale thermal perturbation, …
Studies Of The Planetary Boundary Layer And Their Impact On Air Pollution In A Semi-Arid Region With Complex Terrain,
2021
University of Texas at El Paso
Studies Of The Planetary Boundary Layer And Their Impact On Air Pollution In A Semi-Arid Region With Complex Terrain, Nakul Nitin Karle
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The adjacent cities of El Paso-Juárez, located in the Rio Grande Rift Valley and surrounded by complex mountainous terrain, have undergone rapid urbanization and industrial growth in the last few decades, accompanied by increasing substandard air quality episodes. Although numerous air quality studies were conducted in this semi-arid region in the past, none focused extensively on the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) contribution and impact on air pollutant concentrations. In this work, both the high and low ozone episodes from 2015 to 2020 were examined. Both modeling and experimental data of the PBL height (PBLH) were obtained and related to atmospheric …
Regional Characteristics And Variability Of Extreme Precipitation And Atmospheric Rivers In Past, Present, And Future Climates Over The Contiguous United States,
2021
Portland State University
Regional Characteristics And Variability Of Extreme Precipitation And Atmospheric Rivers In Past, Present, And Future Climates Over The Contiguous United States, Emily Anne Slinskey
Dissertations and Theses
This dissertation examines the regional and seasonal variability of extreme precipitation and atmospheric rivers (ARs) across the contiguous United States (CONUS) in past, present, and future climates. An extreme precipitation categorization scheme, designed to monitor and track the multi-scale variability of extreme precipitation, is applied to a range of precipitation measurement products as an assessment of observational uncertainty. To investigate the importance of ARs across the CONUS, an objective AR identification algorithm is applied to global reanalysis to identify and characterize AR characteristics regionally over the observational record. Projected change in AR day frequency, geometry, intensity, and associated precipitation is …
