A Comparative Analysis Of The Impact Of Low-Level Jets And Atmospheric Rivers In The Central U.S,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
A Comparative Analysis Of The Impact Of Low-Level Jets And Atmospheric Rivers In The Central U.S, Nabindra Gyawali
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Atmospheric Rivers (AR) are the primary source of poleward moisture transport globally. In theUnited States, much recent attention has been placed on Pacific Coast ARs which occur between December and March. However, the central US is also substantially impacted by warm-season AR. An open question is whether these warm-season ARs are synonymous with Great Plains low-level jets (LLJs) that have long served as a focal point of mesoscale atmospheric research. In this study, we perform a comparative analysis of ARs and LLJs in the central U.S using ECMWF’s climate-quality reanalysis of the 20th century, CERA-20C. The aim is to identify …
Changes In Large-Scale Extreme Precipitation In Over Taiwan And The Northeast United States : Past And Future,
2022
University at Albany, State University of New York
Changes In Large-Scale Extreme Precipitation In Over Taiwan And The Northeast United States : Past And Future, Lexi Henny
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Large-scale extreme precipitation over (1) the mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States and (2) Taiwan is attributed to weather types such as atmospheric river (AR), TC, and extreme integrated vapor transport (IVT). Statistically significant increases in season-total EP day precipitation are seen at many GHCN stations in winter, summer, and fall in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast region, and at certain high-elevation grid points in Taiwan Mei-yu season. During the cold season of winter and spring, the U.S.-based changes come from AR-associated EP days and are associated with strengthened southwesterly winds and IVT either within EP days, in the season mean, or …
Impacts Of Physical Parameterization Schemes And Soil Moisture Initialization On Boundary Layer Evolution In The Weather Research And Forecasting (Wrf) Model,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Impacts Of Physical Parameterization Schemes And Soil Moisture Initialization On Boundary Layer Evolution In The Weather Research And Forecasting (Wrf) Model, Grace Cutting
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have become a necessary addition to the atmospheric research community over the last several decades, and atmospheric modeling has been used internationally for numerous operational and research purposes. NWP models contain a vast number of combinations of physical and dynamical parameterization schemes; however, they are not always accurate in forecasting weather phenomena at a particular location, as different combinations of parameterization schemes represent differing conditions. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations were run to explore which of the commonly used planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes best represented upper-air data (as well as PBL evolution) …
Changes Of Winter Severity In Arkansas During 1901-2100,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Changes Of Winter Severity In Arkansas During 1901-2100, Christian Garcia
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to quantify the winter severity in a way that was reproduceable and easy to understand. The Accumulated Winter Severity Seasonal Index (AWSSI) was chosen for this reason and was used to quantify winter severity by season across the state of Arkansas. The variables that go into the AWSSI calculation are maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, daily snowfall, and daily snow depth. When the snowfall and snow depth were missing, they can be estimated using daily temperature and precipitation. Then the estimated snowfall and snow depth can be subsequently used to quantify the winter …
Using Remote And In Situ Observations From Torus To Investigate A Preexisting Airmass Boundary And Its Influence On A Tornadic Supercell On 28 May 2019,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Using Remote And In Situ Observations From Torus To Investigate A Preexisting Airmass Boundary And Its Influence On A Tornadic Supercell On 28 May 2019, Kristen Axon
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
During the 2019 field phase of Targeted Observation by Radars and UAS of Supercells (TORUS), a preexisting airmass boundary was sampled on 28 May 2019 in north-central Kansas in close proximity to a tornadic supercell. This work hypothesized that the preexisting airmass boundary was associated with a mesoscale air mass with high theta-E (MAHTE) that favorably interacted with the tornadic supercell to increase the likelihood of tornadogenesis. Observations from TORUS including mobile mesonets, unoccupied aerial vehicles, soundings, and ground-based mobile radar were used along with GOES-16 visible satellite imagery, Kansas mesonet surface stations, and KUEX WSR-88D data to investigate this …
Kinetics, Products, And Brown Carbon Formation By Aqueous-Phase Reactions Of Glycolaldehyde With Atmospheric Amines And Ammonium Sulfate (Raw Data),
2022
University of San Diego
Kinetics, Products, And Brown Carbon Formation By Aqueous-Phase Reactions Of Glycolaldehyde With Atmospheric Amines And Ammonium Sulfate (Raw Data), David O. De Haan, Alyssa A. Rodriguez, Michael A. Rafla, Hannah G. Welsh, Elyse A. Pennington, Jason R. Casar, Lelia N. Hawkins, Natalie G. Jimenez, Alexia De Loera, Devoun R. Stewart, Antonio Rojas, Matthew-Khoa Tran, Peng Lin, Alexander Laskin, Paola Formenti, Mathieu Cazaunau, Edouard Pangui, Jean-François Doussin
Chemistry and Biochemistry: Faculty Scholarship
The zipped data files are in the following formats: Metadata: Word documents (.docx), Chamber data: Excel spreadsheets (.xlsx) and European Data Format files (.edf), organized by experiment number and instrumentation. “CAPS” files contain cavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS) extinction and scattering data; “SMPS” files contain scanning mobility particle sizing aerosol number and aerosol mass data.
Response Of Surface And Atmospheric Parameters Associated With The Iran M 7.3 Earthquake,
2022
China Earthquake Administration
Response Of Surface And Atmospheric Parameters Associated With The Iran M 7.3 Earthquake, Feng Jing, Ramesh P. Singh
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Multiparameter observed from satellite, including microwave brightness temperature, skin temperature, air temperature, and carbon monoxide, have been analyzed to identify the anomalous signals associated with the M 7.3 Iran earthquake of November 12, 2017. Besides removing the multiyear variability of parameters as background, the effect of surface and atmosphere of a dust storm event in Middle East region during October 29–November 1 is considered to distinguish the possible anomalies associated with the earthquake. The characteristic behaviors of surface and atmospheric parameters clearly show the signals associated with the M 7.3 earthquake and the dust storm event. The multiple parameters at …
Droughtscape, Summer 2022,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Droughtscape, Summer 2022, National Drought Mitigation Center
DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)
DroughtScape, Summer 2022
Weathering The Storm: Community Socio-Economic And Physical Vulnerability Assessment Of Informal Settlements To Disasters In Arusha City, Tanzania,
2022
University of Dar es Salaam, Department of Geography, P.O. Box 35049, Dar es Salaam,
Weathering The Storm: Community Socio-Economic And Physical Vulnerability Assessment Of Informal Settlements To Disasters In Arusha City, Tanzania, Herbert Hambati
Tanzania Journal of Science
Urban population growth has demonstrated a synergetic relationship with the growth of informal settlements and vulnerability to disasters in urban areas. This study employed Community Participatory Vulnerability Assessment (CPVA) to analyse vulnerability in informal settlements in Arusha City, Tanzania. The results show that a plethora of factors, including socio-economic and physical realities interact in complex non-linear ways to shape vulnerability to disasters in informal settlements in the city. The study shows that coping strategies of some individuals in informal settlements reinforce their risks to disasters. This is particularly demonstrated by the stones that are positioned on weak roof structures for …
Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Incubation Time, Hatching Success, And Larvae Survival Of The Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus Monodon Under Experimental Conditions,
2022
Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Effects Of Temperature And Salinity On Incubation Time, Hatching Success, And Larvae Survival Of The Giant Tiger Prawn Penaeus Monodon Under Experimental Conditions, Sawadi Ndunguru, Marcelian Njau, Blandina Robert Lugendo
Tanzania Journal of Science
Prawns are commercially one of the most important marine resources. However, in their early developmental stages, they face challenges related to physico-chemical and environmental changes. This study aimed at investigating the effects of temperature and salinity on egg incubation time, hatching success, larval and postlarval survival of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) obtained from the coastal waters of Tanzania. The adult females P. monodon collected off Rufiji delta were left to acclimatize and spawn at 28.5 ± 0.5 °C and 32 ppt in the hatchery. Spawned eggs were incubated at experimental temperatures of 27 °C, 31 °C …
Effects Of Feed Moisture Content, Soybean Ratio And Barrel Temperature On Physical And Functional Properties Of Extruded Maize-Soybean Flour Blends,
2022
Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
Effects Of Feed Moisture Content, Soybean Ratio And Barrel Temperature On Physical And Functional Properties Of Extruded Maize-Soybean Flour Blends, Robert Mugabi, Stellah Byakika, Ivan Muzira Mukisa
Tanzania Journal of Science
The effects moisture content, temperature and soybean ratio on expanded product characteristics of extruded maize-soybean blends were studied. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of extrusion conditions on extrudate properties taking barrel temperature (BT), feed moisture content (FM) and soybean flour ratio (SR) as factors. Expansion ratio (ER), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hardness and colour (b* - (+) yellowness) of the extrudates were determined. BT and FM had significant effects on ER (p < 0.05). At low FM levels, ER increased with BT. It was observed that both FM and BT significantly affected WAI and WSI. WAI increased as FM increased. Increasing FM to 20% resulted in a decrease in WSI, beyond which an increase was observed. Hardness increased significantly as feed moisture content increased. High SR content significantly increased the extrudate hardness. FM had no significant effect on colour. Colour increased as the SR and BT increased. Significant regression models explained the effects of SR, FM, and BT on all response variables. All of the response variables' R2, were higher than 0.89. Keywords: Maize, Soybean, moisture content, extrusion
Modeling Studies Of Gravity Wave Dynamics In Highly Structured Environments: Reflection, Trapping, Instability, Momentum Transport, Secondary Gravity Waves, And Induced Flow Responses,
2022
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Modeling Studies Of Gravity Wave Dynamics In Highly Structured Environments: Reflection, Trapping, Instability, Momentum Transport, Secondary Gravity Waves, And Induced Flow Responses, Wenjun Dong, David C. Fritts, Michael P. Hickey, Alan Z. Liu, Thomas S. Lund, Shaodong Zhang, Yanying Yan, Fan Yang
Publications
A compressible numerical model is applied for three-dimensional (3-D) gravity wave (GW) packets undergoing momentum deposition, self-acceleration (SA), breaking, and secondary GW (SGW) generation in the presence of highly-structured environments enabling thermal and/or Doppler ducts, such as a mesospheric inversion layer (MIL), tidal wind (TW), or combination of MIL and TW. Simulations reveal that ducts can strongly modulate GW dynamics. Responses modeled here include reflection, trapping, suppressed transmission, strong local instabilities, reduced SGW generations, higher altitude SGW responses, and induced large-scale flows. Instabilities that arise in ducts experience strong dissipation after they emerge, while trapped smaller-amplitude and smaller-scale GWs can …
Multi-Sectoral Impact Assessment Of An Extreme African Dust Episode In The Eastern Mediterranean In March 2018,
2022
University of Aveiro
Multi-Sectoral Impact Assessment Of An Extreme African Dust Episode In The Eastern Mediterranean In March 2018, Alexandra Monteiro, Sara Basart, Stelios Kazadzis, Antonis Gkikas, Sophie Vandenbussche, Aurelio Tobias, Carla Gama, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Enric Tarradellas, George Notas, Nick Middleton, Jonilda Kushta, Vassilis Amiridis, Kostas Lagouvardos, Panagiotis G. Kosmopoulos, Vasiliki Kotroni, Maria Kanakidou, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Nikos Kalivitis, Pavla Daggson-Waldhauserová, Hesham El-Askary, Klaus Sievers, T. Giannaros, Lucia Mona, Marcus Hirtl, Paul Skomorowski, Slobodan Nickovic, Athanasios Votsis, Timo H. Virtanen, Theodoros Christoudias, Biagio Di Mauro, Serena Trippetta, Stanislav Kutuzov, Outi Meinander
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In late March 2018, a large part of the Eastern Mediterranean experienced an extraordinary episode of African dust, one of the most intense in recent years, here referred to as the “Minoan Red” event. The episode mainly affected the Greek island of Crete, where the highest aerosol concentrations over the past 15 yeas were recorded, although impacts were also felt well beyond this core area. Our study fills a gap in dust research by assessing the multi-sectoral impacts of sand and dust storms and their socioeconomic implications. Specifically, we provide a multi-sectoral impact assessment of Crete during the occurrence of …
Improving On Atmospheric Turbulence Profiles Derived From Dual Beacon Hartmann Turbulence Sensor Measurements,
2022
Air Force Institute of Technology
Improving On Atmospheric Turbulence Profiles Derived From Dual Beacon Hartmann Turbulence Sensor Measurements, Alexander S. Boeckenstedt, Jack E. Mccrae, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Benjamin Wilson
Faculty Publications
Atmospheric turbulence is an inevitable source of wavefront distortion in all fields of long range laser propagation and sensing. However, the distorting effects of turbulence can be corrected using wavefront sensors contained in adaptive optics systems. Such systems also provide deeper insight into surface layer turbulence, which is not well understood. A unique method of profile generation by a dual source Hartmann Turbulence Sensor (HTS) technique is introduced here. Measurements of optical turbulence along a horizontal path were taken to create C2n profiles. Two helium-neon laser beams were directed over an inhomogeneous horizontal path and captured by the HTS. The …
Understanding Coastal And Inland Hydrometeorological Hazards Produced By Extratropical And Tropical Cyclones Along The East Coast Of The United States,
2022
CUNY Graduate Center
Understanding Coastal And Inland Hydrometeorological Hazards Produced By Extratropical And Tropical Cyclones Along The East Coast Of The United States, Katherine Towey
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
As global temperatures continue to rise, the effects of anthropogenic climate change will impact the magnitude and frequency of pluvial, fluvial, and coastal flooding events. If we want to accurately predict changes in these flooding events, we need to fully understand them in the current climate. As such, this research examines the relationship between hydrometeorological hazards and the characteristics of the storm types, such as extratropical cyclones (ETCs) and tropical cyclones (TCs), that produce such hazards. Through the use of observational and reanalysis data, the work herein utilizes a cyclone-hazard association algorithm and extreme value analysis to assess the extent, …
Changes In Heat Metrics Following A Major Hurricane And Implications On Heat Stress,
2022
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Changes In Heat Metrics Following A Major Hurricane And Implications On Heat Stress, Cade Reesman
LSU Master's Theses
Tropical cyclones modify surface-atmosphere interactions in several ways, including the destruction of patches of tree canopy, increasing the direct and diffuse (shortwave) radiation reaching the surface. This addition of radiation at the surface impacts the sensible, latent, and substrate heat (energy) fluxes, generating heat anomalies along the hurricane’s track, which, among other effects, contributes to the higher post-hurricane surface air temperatures. This study consists of a case study on Hurricane Laura (2020) to examine hurricane defoliation impacts on heat stress metrics. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) identified the spatial extent of defoliation …
Meteorological Characteristics Of Fog Events In Korean Smart Cities And Machine Learning Based Visibility Estimation,
2022
Chungnam National University
Meteorological Characteristics Of Fog Events In Korean Smart Cities And Machine Learning Based Visibility Estimation, Jaemin Kim, Seung Hee Kim, Hyun Woo Seo, Yi Victor Wang, Yun Gon Lee
Institute for ECHO Articles and Research
To address various urban issues such as fine dust, traffic congestion, and water shortage caused by rapid urbanization, a national pilot Smart City is planned in two Korean cities, Sejong and Busan. As weather data is crucial for improving the environment and operating future transportation while constructing a smart city, preparing for future weather disasters by analyzing the characteristics of various meteorological phenomena in the planned development area is necessary. This study analyzed the fog generation characteristics for the period of 2016–2020 at the automatic weather system sites of the Korea Meteorological Administration in Sejong and Busan, and the characteristics …
Murphy Scale: A Locational Equivalent Intensity Scale For Hazard Events,
2022
Chapman University
Murphy Scale: A Locational Equivalent Intensity Scale For Hazard Events, Yi Victor Wang, Antonia Sebastian
Institute for ECHO Articles and Research
Empirical cross-hazard analysis and prediction of disaster vulnerability, resilience, and risk requires a common metric of hazard strengths across hazard types. In this paper, the authors propose an equivalent intensity scale for cross-hazard evaluation of hazard strengths of events for entire durations at locations. The proposed scale is called the Murphy Scale, after Professor Colleen Murphy. A systematic review and typology of hazard strength metrics is presented to facilitate the delineation of the defining dimensions of the proposed scale. An empirical methodology is introduced to derive equivalent intensities of hazard events on a Murphy Scale. Using historical data on …
Detector Improvements And Optimization To Advance Gravitational-Wave Astronomy,
2022
Syracuse University
Detector Improvements And Optimization To Advance Gravitational-Wave Astronomy, Varun Srivastava
Dissertations - ALL
The thesis covers a range of topics relevant to the current and future gravitational-wave facilities. After the last science observing run, O3, that ended in March 2020, the aLIGO and VIRGO gravitational-wave detectors are undergoing upgrades to improve their sensitivity. My thesis focuses on the work done at the LIGO Hanford Observatory to facilitate these upgrade activities. I worked to develop two novel technologies with applications to gravitational-wave detectors. First, I developed a high-bandwidth, low-noise, flexure-based piezo-deformable mirror for active mode-matching. Mode-matching losses limit improvements from squeezing as they distort the ground state of the squeezed beam. For broadband sensitivity …
An Investigation Of Sea-Breeze Driven Convection Along The Northern Gulf Coast,
2022
Mississippi State University
An Investigation Of Sea-Breeze Driven Convection Along The Northern Gulf Coast, Caitlin Ford
Theses and Dissertations
Although sea-breezes frequently initiate convection, it is oftentimes challenging to forecast the precise location of storm development. This research examines temporal and spatial characteristics of sea-breeze driven convection and environmental conditions that support convective or non-convective sea-breeze days along the Northern Gulf Coast. Base reflectivity products were used to identify the initial time of convection (values greater than 30 dBZs) along the sea-breeze front. It was found that convective sea-breezes initiated earlier in the day compared to non-convective sea-breezes. Mapping convective cells in ArcGIS revealed favored locations of thunderstorm development including the southeastern cusp of Mobile County, Alabama and convex …
