Testing Galaxy Formation And Dark Matter With Low Surface Brightness Galaxies,
2021
Case Western Reserve University
Testing Galaxy Formation And Dark Matter With Low Surface Brightness Galaxies, Stacy S. Mcgaugh
Faculty Scholarship
Galaxies are the basic structural element of the universe; galaxy formation theory seeks to explain how these structures came to be. I trace some of the foundational ideas in galaxy formation, with emphasis on the need for non-baryonic cold dark matter. Many elements of early theory did not survive contact with observations of low surface brightness galaxies, leading to the need for auxiliary hypotheses like feedback. The failure points often trace to the surprising predictive successes of an alternative to dark matter, the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). While dark matter models are flexible in accommodating observations, they do not provide …
Nanoscale Assembly Of Dectin-1 And Its Glucan Ligand In Immunocyte Membranes And Pathogen Cell Walls,
2021
University of New Mexico
Nanoscale Assembly Of Dectin-1 And Its Glucan Ligand In Immunocyte Membranes And Pathogen Cell Walls, Akram Etemadi Amin
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
Candida spp. pathogens continue to be a significant health care burden with high mortality and exceeding enormous healthcare costs. Candida infection range varies from dermatological infection to more severe bloodstream infection in debilitated patients. Due to this, research dedicated to understanding biophysical interactions between Candida species and the host’s immune cells is essential. The C-type lectin’s (CtLs) are known to bind to Candida cell walls and play a crucial role in downstream immune signaling. It is known that β-glucans, the highly immunogenic polysaccharide in Candida’s cell wall, are mostly masked underneath a layer of mannosylated proteins. The amount of …
Detecting Optical Transients Using Artificial Neural Networks And Reference Images From Different Surveys,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Detecting Optical Transients Using Artificial Neural Networks And Reference Images From Different Surveys, Katarzyna Wardęga, Adam Zadrozny, Martin Beroiz, Richard S. Camuccio, Mario C. Diaz
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We present a technique to detect optical transients based on an artificial neural networks method. We describe the architecture of two networks capable of comparing images of the same part of the sky taken by different telescopes. One image corresponds to the epoch in which a potential transient could exist; the other is a reference image of an earlier epoch. We use data obtained by the Dr. Cristina V. Torres Memorial Astronomical Observatory and archival reference images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We trained a convolutional neural network and a dense layer network on simulated source samples and then …
Seasonal Variation Of Multiple-Muon Cosmic Ray Air Showers Observed In The Nova Detector Detector On The Surface,
2021
University of South Carolina
Seasonal Variation Of Multiple-Muon Cosmic Ray Air Showers Observed In The Nova Detector Detector On The Surface, M. A. Acero, P. Adamson, L. Aliaga, N. Anfimov, A. Antoshkin, E. Arrieta-Diaz, L. Asquith, A. Aurisano, A. Back, C. Backhouse, M. Baird, N. Balashov, P. Baldi, B. A. Bambah, S. Bashar, K. Bays, R. Bernstein, V. Bhatnagar, B. Bhuyan, J. Bian, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.
Faculty Publications
We report the rate of cosmic ray air showers with multiplicities exceeding 15 muon tracks recorded in the NOvA Far Detector between May 2016 and May 2018. The detector is located on the surface under an overburden of 3.6 meters water equivalent. We observe a seasonal dependence in the rate of multiple-muon showers, which varies in magnitude with multiplicity and zenith angle. During this period, the effective atmospheric temperature and surface pressure ranged between 210 K and 230 K and 940 mbar and 990 mbar, respectively; the shower rates are anticorrelated with the variation in the effective temperature. The variations …
Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's First Three Observing Runs,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's First Three Observing Runs, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, W. H. Wang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called PyStoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitationalwave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of …
Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, W. H. Wang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ΩGW≤5.8×10−9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform …
A Mechanical Model For Magnetized Relativistic Blastwaves,
2021
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
A Mechanical Model For Magnetized Relativistic Blastwaves, Shunke Ai, Bing Zhang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research
The evolution of a relativistic blastwave is usually delineated under the assumption of pressure balance between forward- and reverse-shocked regions. However, such a treatment usually violates the energy conservation law, and is inconsistent with existing magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation results. A mechanical model of non-magnetized blastwaves was proposed in previous work to solve the problem. In this paper, we generalize the mechanical model to the case of a blastwave driven by an ejecta with an arbitrary magnetization parameter $\sigma_{\rm ej}$. We test our modified mechanical model by considering a long-lasting magnetized ejecta and found that it is much better than the …
Hidden Treasures In The Unknown 3cr Extragalactic Radio Sky: A Multiwavelength Approach,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Hidden Treasures In The Unknown 3cr Extragalactic Radio Sky: A Multiwavelength Approach, V. Missaglia, F. Massaro, E. Liuzzo, A. Paggi, R. P. Kraft, W. R. Forman, A. Jimenez-Gallardo, Juan P. Madrid, F. Ricci, C. Stuardi
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We present the analysis of multiwavelength observations of seven extragalactic radio sources, listed as unidentified in the Third Cambridge Revised Catalog (3CR). X-ray observations, performed during Chandra Cycle 21, were compared to Very Large Array (VLA), Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Pan-STARRS observations in the radio, infrared, and optical bands, respectively. All sources in this sample lack a clear optical counterpart, and are thus missing their redshift and optical classification. In order to confirm the X-ray and infrared radio counterparts of core and extended components, here we present for the first time radio maps obtained manually reducing VLA archival data. …
Eccentricity Of Merging Neutron Star Binaries: Searches, Parameter Estimation, And Future Prospects,
2021
Syracuse University
Eccentricity Of Merging Neutron Star Binaries: Searches, Parameter Estimation, And Future Prospects, Amber Kiana Lenon
Dissertations - ALL
Since the start of the first observing run the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Advanced Virgo observatory have detected 48 binary black hole mergers and two binary neutron star mergers. Knowledge about the properties of the binary can be gained from the gravitational-wave observations. Binary neutron star systems can form with significant orbital eccentricity. Gravitational radiation efficiently removes this eccentricity from the binary's orbit as the star's inspiral together. This thesis describes a search for neutron star binaries that have an eccentric orbits when their gravitational waves enter the sensitive band of Advanced LIGO and Virgo. For …
Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run,
2021
California Institute of Technology
Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, T. Akutsu, K. M. Aleman, Tiffany Summerscales
Faculty Publications
We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ωGW≤5.8×10-9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform …
Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's First Three Observing Runs,
2021
California Institute of Technology
Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo's First Three Observing Runs, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, Tiffany Z. Summerscales
Faculty Publications
We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called pystoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of …
Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo’S First Three Observing Runs,
2021
Andrews University
Search For Anisotropic Gravitational-Wave Backgrounds Using Data From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo’S First Three Observing Runs, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Kagra Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales
Faculty Publications
We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called pystoch on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of …
Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo’S Third Observing Run,
2021
Andrews University
Upper Limits On The Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background From Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo’S Third Observing Run, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Kagra Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales
Faculty Publications
We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density ΩGW≤5.8×10−9 at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform …
Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo–Virgo Run O3a,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo–Virgo Run O3a, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, Amit Aich, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Malik Rakhmanov
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We search for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC–2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). A total of 105 GRBs were analyzed using a search for generic gravitational-wave transients; 32 GRBs were analyzed with a search that specifically targets neutron star binary mergers as short GRB progenitors. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the GRBs that we followed up, nor for a population of unidentified subthreshold signals. We consider several …
Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo-Virgo Run O3a,
2021
California Institute of Technology
Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo-Virgo Run O3a, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, A. Aich, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, G. Allen, A. Allocca, Tiffany Z. Summerscales
Faculty Publications
We search for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC-2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). A total of 105 GRBs were analyzed using a search for generic gravitational-wave transients; 32 GRBs were analyzed with a search that specifically targets neutron star binary mergers as short GRB progenitors. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the GRBs that we followed up, nor for a population of unidentified subthreshold signals. We consider several …
California Legacy Survey. Ii. Occurrence Of Giant Planets Beyond The Ice Line,
2021
California Institute of Technology
California Legacy Survey. Ii. Occurrence Of Giant Planets Beyond The Ice Line, Benjamin J. Fulton, Lee J. Rosenthal, Lea A. Hirsch, Howard Isaacson, Andrew W. Howard, Cayla M. Dedrick, Ilya A. Sherstyuk, Sarah C. Blunt, Erik A. Petigura, Heather A. Knutson, Aida Behmard, Ashley Chontos, Justin R. Crepp, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Paul A. Dalba, Debra A. Fischer, Gregory W. Henry, Stephen R. Kane, Molly Kosiarek, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Lauren M. Weiss, Jason T. Wright
Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications
We used high-precision radial velocity measurements of FGKM stars to determine the occurrence of giant planets as a function of orbital separation spanning 0.03–30 au. Giant planets are more prevalent at orbital distances of 1–10 au compared to orbits interior or exterior of this range. The increase in planet occurrence at ∼1 au by a factor of ∼4 is highly statistically significant. A fall-off in giant planet occurrence at larger orbital distances is favored over models with flat or increasing occurrence. We measure ${14.1}_{-1.8}^{+2.0}$ giant planets per 100 stars with semimajor axes of 2–8 au and ${8.9}_{-2.4}^{+3.0}$ giant planets per …
Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo–Virgo Run O3a,
2021
Andrews University
Search For Gravitational Waves Associated With Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected By Fermi And Swift During The Ligo–Virgo Run O3a, Ligo Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Tiffany Z. Summerscales
Faculty Publications
We search for gravitational-wave transients associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC–2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). A total of 105 GRBs were analyzed using a search for generic gravitational-wave transients; 32 GRBs were analyzed with a search that specifically targets neutron star binary mergers as short GRB progenitors. We find no significant evidence for gravitational-wave signals associated with the GRBs that we followed up, nor for a population of unidentified subthreshold signals. We consider several …
Resolving Galactic Binaries In Lisa Data Using Particle Swarm Optimization And Cross-Validation,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Resolving Galactic Binaries In Lisa Data Using Particle Swarm Optimization And Cross-Validation, Xue-Hao Zhang, Soumya Mohanty, Xiao-Bo Zou, Yu-Xiao Liu
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
The space-based gravitational wave detector Laser Interferometric Space Antenna is expected to observe signals from a large population of compact object binaries, comprised predominantly of white dwarfs, in the Milky Way. Resolving individual sources from this population against its self-generated confusion noise poses a major data analysis problem. We present an iterative source estimation and subtraction method to address this problem based on the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO). In addition to PSO, a novel feature of the method is the cross-validation of sources estimated from the same data using different signal parameter search ranges. This is found to …
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (Gama): The Clustering Of Galaxy Groups,
2021
University of Louisville
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (Gama): The Clustering Of Galaxy Groups, S D. Riggs, R W Y M Barbhuiyan, J Loveday, S Brough, Benne Holwerda, A M. Hopkins, S Phillipps
Faculty and Staff Scholarship
We explore the clustering of galaxy groups in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey to investigate the dependence of group bias and profile on separation scale and group mass. Due to the inherent uncertainty in estimating the group selection function, and hence the group autocorrelation function, we instead measure the projected galaxy–group cross-correlation function. We find that the group profile has a strong dependence on scale and group mass on scales r⊥≲1h−1" role="presentation" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: normal; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; …
Tunable Non-Hermitian Acoustic Filter,
2021
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Tunable Non-Hermitian Acoustic Filter, S. Puri, J. Ferdous, A. Shakeri, A. Basiri, M. Dubois, Hamidreza Ramezani
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We propose, design, and experimentally test a non-Hermitian acoustic superlattice that acts as a tunable precise filter. The superlattice is composed of two concatenated sublattices. The first sublattice is Hermitian, while the other can be adjusted to be Hermitian or non-Hermitian. The existence of non-Hermiticity, in terms of an induced loss in the second sublattice, results in the generation of absorption resonances that appear in the reflected spectrum. This provides us with a powerful knob to absorb or reflect several frequencies at will with high accuracy. The number of filtered frequencies can be controlled by designing the resonances in the …
