Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons^™

Search For Charged Lepton Flavor Violating Decays Of ϒ (1s), S. Patra, V. Bhardwaj, K. Trabelsi, I. Adachi, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, S. Bahinipati, P. Behera, K. Belous, J. Bennett, M. Bessner, B. Bhuyan, T. Bilka, A. Bobrov

Faculty and Student Publications

We present a search for the charged lepton-flavor-violating decays ϒ(1S) →ℓ±ℓ′∓ and radiative charged lepton-flavour-violating decays ϒ(1S) → γℓ±ℓ′∓ [ℓ,ℓ′ = e, μ, τ] using the 158 million ϒ(2S) sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. This search uses ϒ(1S) mesons produced in ϒ(2S) → π+π− ϒ(1S) transitions. We do not find any significant signal, so we provide upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Emergent Spectra Of Young X-Ray Emitting Populations Across Environments, Alex Siebenmorgen

Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses

We construct reasonably accurate models of the X-Ray spectra of a multitude of sources in M51. We construct both average and individual models for the sources, which are split into 16 groups as the counts per source increases. Then, we create a plot to show how the model-predicted values of column density (nH) and photon index (gamma) change with luminosity. These models will be used to create an accurate X-Ray stellar energy distribution (SED) for M51, and to better understand how the SED changes with environmental factors like metallicity and star formation rate (SFR).

A Possible Alignment Between The Orbits Of Planetary Systems And Their Visual Binary Companions, S. Christian, A. Vanderburg, J. Becker, D. A. Yahalomi, L. Pearce, G. Zhou, K. A. Collins, A. L. Kraus, K. G. Stassun, Z. De Beurs, G. R. Ricker, R. K. Vanderspek, D. W. Latham, J. N. Winn, S. Seager, J. M. Jenkins, L. Abe, K. Agabi, P. J. Amado, D. Baker, K. Barkaoui, Z. Benkhaldoun, P. Benni, J. Berberian, P. Berlind, A. Bieryla, E. Esparza-Borges, M. Bowen, P. Brown, L. A. Buchhave, C. J. Burke, M. Buttu, C. Cadieux, D. A. Caldwell, D. Charbonneau, N. Chazov, S. Chimaladinne, K. I. Collins, D. Combs, D. M. Conti, N. Crouzet, J. P. De Leon, S. Deljookorani, B. Diamond, R. Doyon, D. Dragomir, G. Dransfield, Z. Essack, P. Evans, A. Fukui, T. Gan, G. A. Esquerdo, M. Gillon, E. Girardin, P. Guerra, T. Guillot, E. K. K. Habich, A. Henriksen, N. Hoch, K. I. Isogai, E. Jehin, Eric L.N. Jensen, M. C. Johnson, J. H. Livingston, J. F. Kielkopf, K. Kim, K. Kawauchi, V. Krushinsky, V. Kunzle, D. Laloum, D. Leger, P. Lewin, F. Mallia, B. Massey, M. Mori, K. K. Mcleod, D. Mékarnia, I. Mireles, N. Mishevskiy, M. Tamura, F. Murgas, N. Narita, R. Naves, P. Nelson, H. P. Osborn, E. Palle, H. Parviainen, P. Plavchan, F. J. Pozuelos, M. Rabus, H. M. Relles, C. Rodríguez López, S. N. Quinn, F.-X. Schmider, J. E. Schlieder, R. P. Schwarz, A. Shporer, L. Sibbald, G. Srdoc, C. Stibbards, H. Stickler, O. Suarez, C. Stockdale, T.-G. Tan, Y. Terada, A. Triaud, R. Tronsgaard, W. C. Waalkes, G. Wang, N. Watanabe, M.-S. Wenceslas, G. Wingham, J. Wittrock, C. Ziegler

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. …

The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On Ultraviolet Star Formation Rate Tracers, Keith Doore, Rafael T. Eufrasio, Bret D. Lehmer, Erik B. Monson, Antara Basu-Zych, Kristen Garofali

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We examine and quantify how hybrid (e.g., UV+IR) star formation rate (SFR) estimators and the AFUV–β relation depend on inclination for disk-dominated galaxies using spectral energy distribution modeling that utilizes the inclination-dependent attenuation curves described in Doore et al. We perform this analysis on a sample of 133 disk-dominated galaxies from the CANDELS fields and 18 disk galaxies from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey and Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel samples. We find that both the hybrid SFR estimators and the AFUV–β relation present clear dependencies on inclination. To quantify …

Chandra Spectral Constraints Of The Low-Metallicity Collision Ring Cartwheel Galaxy, Chloë Benton

Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses

With the sophistication of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, many observations of the behaviors of binary systems have been researched and studied. As an excellent example, for the low metallicity Cartwheel Galaxy, some fraction of the X-ray photons emitted from X-ray binaries have been intercepted by the detectors on the telescope and have been compiled into “events file.” When modeled properly, this data can produce insight into the behavior of the stellar populations in this object. The primary goal of this project is to use these events files to measure the X-ray properties of the X-ray binaries in the Cartwheel Galaxy …

Reinforcement Learning In A Quantum Network, Roy Pace

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

The Dense Gas Mass Fraction And The Relationship To Star Formation In M51, Mark Heyer, Benjamin Gregg, Daniela Calzetti, Bruce G. Elmegreen, Robert Kennicutt, Angela Adamo, Aaron S. Evans, Kathryn Grasha, James D. Lowenthal, Gopal Narayanan, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, F. P. Schloerb, Kamal Souccar, Yuping Tang, Peter Teuben, Olga Vega, William F. Wall, Min S. Yun

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Observations of 12CO J = 1 - 0 and HCN J = 1 - 0 emission from NGC 5194 (M51) made with the 50 m Large Millimeter Telescope and the SEQUOIA focal plane array are presented. Using the HCN-to-CO ratio, we examine the dense gas mass fraction over a range of environmental conditions within the galaxy. Within the disk, the dense gas mass fraction varies along the spiral arms but the average value over all spiral arms is comparable to the mean value of interarm regions. We suggest that the near-constant dense gas mass fraction throughout the disk arises from …

Alma Discovery Of A Disk Around The Planetary-Mass Companion Sr 12 C, Ya Lin Wu, Brendan P. Bowler, Patrick D. Sheehan, Laird M. Close, Joshua A. Eisner, William M.J. Best, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Zhaohuan Zhu, Adam L. Kraus

Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We report an Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 0.88 mm (Band 7) continuum detection of the accretion disk around SR 12 c, an ∼11 M Jup planetary-mass companion (PMC) orbiting its host binary at 980 au. This is the first submillimeter detection of a circumplanetary disk around a wide PMC. The disk has a flux density of 127 ± 14 μJy and is not resolved by the ∼0.″1 beam, so the dust disk radius is likely less than 5 au and can be much smaller if the dust continuum is optically thick. If, however, the dust emission is optically thin, then …

Signal Yields And Detector Modeling In Xenon Time Projection Chambers, And Results Of An Effective Field Theory Dark Matter Search Using Lux Data, Gregory Ransford Carl Rischbieter

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The nature of dark matter continues to be one of the biggest remaining mysteries in physics. Astrophysical measurements indicate that dark matter makes up more than a quarter of the Universe's total energy density, and it is well-motivated that dark matter is comprised of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Direct detection techniques utilizing liquid and gaseous noble elements have become the primary method of probing the potential non-gravitational interactions between WIMPs and Standard Model matter, with the leading technology being the dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) and its second-generation successor, LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), are two xenon …

The Majorana Demonstrator Readout Electronics System, N. Abgrall, M. Amman, I. J. Arnquist, Frank Avignone Iii, A. S. Barabash, C. J. Barton, P. J. Barton, F. E. Bertrand, K. H. Bhimani, B. Bos, A. W. Bradley, T. H. Burritt, M. Busch, M. Buuck, T. S. Caldwell, Y-D. Chan, C. D. Christofferson, P.-H. Chu, M. L. Clark, R. J. Cooper, C. Cuesta, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The Majorana Demonstrator comprises two arrays of high-purity germanium detectors constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76Ge and other physics beyond the Standard Model. Its readout electronics were designed to have low electronic noise, and radioactive backgrounds were minimized by using low-mass components and low-radioactivity materials near the detectors. This paper provides a description of all components of the Majorana Demonstrator readout electronics, spanning the front-end electronics and internal cabling, back-end electronics, digitizer, and power supplies, along with the grounding scheme. The spectroscopic performance achieved with these readout electronics is also demonstrated.

Using Nasa's Tess Mission To Search For Extremely Low Mass White Dwarf Stars, Corinna Peña

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Extremely low-mass white dwarf stars (ELM) are white dwarf stars with a mass lower than 0.45 solar masses that could not have evolved through normal processes within the lifetime of our universe. Therefore, these objects can only be created through a common envelope phase or a stable Roche lobe overflow while in a binary. These objects have periods between a few minutes to a few hours, so they are very short lived which makes them very rare. My goal for this project was to find these ELM stars by using NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. I analyzed this …

Electromagnetic Detectability Of Binary Supermassive Black Holes, Kaylee Grace

Honors Scholar Theses

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries can be produced by galaxy mergers and are important sources of gravitational waves. Although several binary candidates have been identified in previous work, none have yet been fully confirmed. These pairs are difficult to detect, since single accreting SMBHs can have pseudo-periodic lightcurves due to stochastic noise that can mimic the signature of binary SMBHs. The aforementioned lightcurves are the detections we classify as ”false-positive.” The Vera Rubin Observatory (VRO) will be a powerful new tool for detecting binary SMBHs. We determine the false-positive binary detection rate for VRO by attempting to recover sinusoidal binary …

The Development Of A New All-In-One Allsky Camera And Radiometer System, Ashley Suzanne Hughes

Theses and Dissertations

We developed a new all-in-one camera and radiometer system for meteor surveillance. It proved successful during its first bolide event on 13 April 2021, as reported in the journal Meteoritics and Planetary Science, volume 57, number 3, pages 575-587. The event capture produced both video and radiometric data, and with the video data we were able to calculate a trajectory and orbit, and determine the fragmentation characteristics of the meteor as it traveled through the atmosphere.

Extreme-Contrast Ratio Imaging Of Bright Star Fields Using Charge-Injection Devices, Sailee Mangesh Sawant

Theses and Dissertations

The intrinsic nature of many astronomical sources, such as exoplanets, binary and multiple star systems, circumstellar disks, and active galactic nuclei and their host galaxies, introduces challenging requirements for observational instrumentation and techniques. In each case, we encounter situations where the light from bright sources hampers our abilities to detect surrounding fainter targets. To explore and study all features of such extreme-contrast ratio (ECR) scenes, we must perform observations at the maximum possible contrast ratios. However, direct imaging of fainter objects in the vicinity of bright sources imposes limitations on the type of contrast ratios achievable using ground- and spacebased …

Elevated Hot Gas And High-Mass X-Ray Binary Emission In Low-Metallicity Galaxies: Implications For Nebular Ionization And Intergalactic Medium Heating In The Early Universe, Bret D. Lehmer, Rafael T. Eufrasio, Antara Basu-Zych, Kristen Garofali, Woodrow Gilbertson, Andrei Mesinger, Mihoko Yukita

Space and Planetary Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

High-energy emission associated with star formation has been proposed as a significant source of interstellar medium (ISM) ionization in low-metallicity starbursts and an important contributor to the heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the high-redshift (z ≳ 8) universe. Using Chandra observations of a sample of 30 galaxies at D ≈ 200–450 Mpc that have high specific star formation rates of 3–9 Gyr−1 and metallicities near Z ≈ 0.3Z⊙, we provide new measurements of the average 0.5–8 keV spectral shape and normalization per unit star formation rate (SFR). We model the sample-combined X-ray spectrum as a …

Exploring The Glow Of The Universe In Gamma-Rays And Hunting Distant Agn, Changam Meenakshi Rajagopal

All Dissertations

The entirety of the γ-ray radiation permeating our Universe is encoded in the extragalactic γ-ray background. This is a superposition of resolved sources, mostly powerful relativistic jets powered by supermassive black holes, i.e., blazars, and an unresolved isotropic component, aka, the diffuse isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB). Studying the IGRB can help unveil its composition, as well as unearth multi-messenger relationships between the intensities of PeV neutrinos, ultra high energy cosmic rays (> 1018 eV), and sub-TeV γ-rays. The comparable energy budgets of these three phenomena (neutrinos, UHECR, and γ-rays) indicates a physical connection or a common source amongst them. On …

“Lasso The Moon? Is It Possible? What About Hack The Moon? Today’S International Framework For Activities On The Moon”, Diane M. Janosek, Armando Seay, Josa P. Natera

Military Cyber Affairs

The global interest in the moon and outer space continues to skyrocket. The current U.S. commercial investment in space is $350 billion annually, and it is expected to grow to $1 Trillion or more by 2040. The U.S. military investment in space defense and research likewise continues to grow, with the total investment amount remaining classified. With the frequent activity in space, as well as concerns about attacks to US space assets to and from space, the U.S, created the United States Space Command and its Space Force. With private space travel, nanosatellites, lunar exploration, and the proliferation of space …

North Ecliptic Pole Merging Galaxy Catalogue, W. J. Pearson, L. E. Suelves, S. C.-C. Ho, N. Oi, S. Brough, Benne Holwerda, A. M. Hopkins, T.-C. Huang, H. S. Hwang, L. S. Kelvin, S. J. Kim, Á. R. López-Sánchez, K. Małek, C. Pearson, A. Poliszczuk, A. Pollo, V. Rodriguez-Gomez, H. Shim, Y. Toba, L. Wang

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Aims. We aim to generate a catalogue of merging galaxies within the 5.4 sq. deg. North Ecliptic Pole over the redshift range 0.0 < z < 0.3. To do this, imaging data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam are used along with morphological parameters derived from these same data.

Methods. The catalogue was generated using a hybrid approach. Two neural networks were trained to perform binary merger non-merger classifications: one for galaxies with z < 0.15 and another for 0.15 ≤ z < 0.30. Each network used the image and morphological parameters of a galaxy as input. The galaxies that were identified as merger candidates by the network were then visually checked by experts. The resulting mergers will be used to calculate the merger fraction as a function of redshift and compared with literature results.

Results. We found that 86.3% of galaxy mergers at z < 0.15 and 79.0% of mergers at 0.15 ≤ z < 0.30 are expected to be correctly identified by the networks. Of the 34 264 galaxies classified by the neural networks, 10 195 were found to be merger candidates. Of these, 2109 were visually identified to be merging galaxies. We find that the merger fraction increases with redshift, consistent with literature results from observations and simulations, and that there is a mild star-formation rate enhancement in the merger population of a factor of 1.102 ± 0.084.

A Monte Carlo Method For Evaluating Empirical Gyrochronology Models And Its Application To Wide Binary Benchmarks, Tomomi Otani, Ted Von Hippel, Derek Buzasi, Terry Oswalt, Alexander Stone-Martinez, Patrice Majewski

Publications

No abstract provided.

Physics Of Electromagnetic Counterparts Of Binary-Neutron-Star Mergers, Shunke Ai

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are supposed to be the sources of a variety of astrophysical transients, including both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) signals. The types and properties of the post-merger central product contain crucial information for many unsolved physical problems. Since the current GW detectors are not sensitive enough in kHz, only GWs from the inspiral phase can be detected, so that one cannot directly study the central products from GWs. EM signals can serve as probes to infer the type and properties of the central product. When a long-lived neutron star (NS) is formed after the …