The Quantum Computational Utility Of Symmetry-Protected Topological Order: From Near-Term Advantages To Universal Measurement-Based Quantum Computing,
2023
University of New Mexico - Main Campus
The Quantum Computational Utility Of Symmetry-Protected Topological Order: From Near-Term Advantages To Universal Measurement-Based Quantum Computing, Austin Kevin Daniel
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
Quantum computers offer new avenues to approach difficult problems by taking advantage of the strange and often nonintuitive phenomena present in quantum physics. Though many quantum algorithms are believed or known to outperform the best known classical algorithms, the fundamental mechanism granting them their power remains elusive. In measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC), two key resources have been show to enable universal and provably nonclassical quantum computations, respectively. These are symmetry-protected topological order (SPTO), a notion describing a class of quantum magnets with hidden long-range correlations in their entanglement structure, and quantum contextuality, the fact that a quantum measurement outcome inherently …
Another Shipment Of Six Short-Period Giant Planets From Tess,
2023
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Another Shipment Of Six Short-Period Giant Planets From Tess, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Samuel N. Quinn, Andrew Vanderburg, George Zhou, Jason D. Eastman, Erica Thygesen, Bryson Cale, David R. Ciardi, Phillip A. Reed, Ryan J. Oelkers
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
We present the discovery and characterization of six short-period, transiting giant planets from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) -- TOI-1811 (TIC 376524552), TOI-2025 (TIC 394050135), TOI-2145 (TIC 88992642), TOI-2152 (TIC 395393265), TOI-2154 (TIC 428787891), and TOI-2497 (TIC 97568467). All six planets orbit bright host stars (8.9 <G < 11.8, 7.7 <K < 10.1). Using a combination of time-series photometric and spectroscopic follow-up observations from the TESS Follow-up Observing Program Working Group, we have determined that the planets are Jovian-sized (RP = 0.99--1.45 RJ), have masses ranging from 0.92 to 5.26 MJ, and orbit F, G, and K stars (4766 ≤ Teff ≤ 7360 K). We detect a significant orbital …
The Loneliest Galaxies In The Universe: A Gama And Galaxy Zoo Study On Void Galaxy Morphology.,
2023
University of Louisville
The Loneliest Galaxies In The Universe: A Gama And Galaxy Zoo Study On Void Galaxy Morphology., Lori E. Porter
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
The large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe is comprised of galaxy filaments, tendrils, and voids. The majority of the Universe’s volume is taken up by these voids, which exist as underdense, but not empty, regions. The galaxies found inside voids are void galaxies and expected to be some of the most isolated objects in the Universe. However, their standard morphology remains poorly studied. This study, using the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) data and Galaxy Zoo survey, aims to remedy this. For completeness purposes, we use void galaxies identified by Alpaslan et al. (2014) with stellar masses (M*) of 10 …
A Comparison Of Automated Bolide Detection Methods,
2023
Florida Institute of Technology
A Comparison Of Automated Bolide Detection Methods, Maxine Thembi Khumalo
Theses and Dissertations
Bolide recording and analysis are crucial so meteoroid fragments can be found, a lightcurve analyzed, and its trajectory calculated. The Spalding Allsky Camera Network (SACN) generates videos and composite images of the night sky that are potential meteors based on changes in brightness. The best way to ensure quick identification is to automate the detection of bolides (and all meteors) using computational techniques. This project tested three algorithms to sort events between those with and without meteors - a Traditional Hough Detection Method, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and YOLOv5 against the previous technique from 2018 by Elena Botella. All the …
Mach And Froude Numbers On Mars.,
2023
University of Louisville
Mach And Froude Numbers On Mars., Camella-Rosa Nasr
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mars atmospheric global circulation models exhibit transonic jet streaks during
northern winter, which motivates this study of the Mach number, Ma (the ratio of
flow speed to the speed of sound), and the Froude number, Fr (the ratio of flow
speed to the speed of buoyancy waves), as a function of season and location. Two
global reanalyses spanning Mars Years (MY) 24 to 33 are used as input, EMARS
and OpenMARS. The study’s vertical coordinate is the isentropic variable potential
temperature, θ, ranging from θ = 125 to 1100 K, which corresponds to altitudes
ranging on average from z ≈ …
The Search For Heavily Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei In The Local Universe,
2023
Clemson University
The Search For Heavily Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei In The Local Universe, Ross Silver
All Dissertations
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the center of galaxies that accrete surrounding gas and emit across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. They are the most energetic persistent emitters in the Universe, capable of outshining their host galaxies despite their emission originating from a region smaller than our Solar System. AGN were some of the first sources discovered that helped teach us that there were galaxies outside of our own, and they proved the existence of black holes. Moreover, AGN can give us valuable insights into other branches of astrophysics. For example, they can be used to …
Evaluation Of Black Holes In An Evolving Universe,
2023
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Evaluation Of Black Holes In An Evolving Universe, John P. Naan
Theses and Dissertations
There are various solutions to the Einstein field equations that represent different physical assumptions, but how to represent multiple black holes within an expanding universe remains an area of open interest. The first step to resolving this question involves evaluating spacetime models that contain a single black hole in an expanding universe. Here, we are primarily interested in understanding the energy distribution of black hole models by solving Einstein's equations using the associated spacetime metric and comparing the propagation of waves within the model against other known spacetime models. Specifically, we will evaluate the combined Schwarschild-de Sitter solution under a …
Simulating Radial Ring Structure With An Ambipolar Elsasser (Am) Bump In Non-Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics Of Protoplanetary Disks,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Simulating Radial Ring Structure With An Ambipolar Elsasser (Am) Bump In Non-Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics Of Protoplanetary Disks, Aleksey S. Mohov
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Rings are one of the most ubiquitous substructures observed in protoplanetary disks. They are known to be a robust site for planetesimal formation; thus we look for mechanisms that can originate stable rings. From chemical modelling of snow lines, we expect a bump in the Ambipolar Diffusion (AD) Elssaser number (Am) in the radial direction. We use the Athena++ code to model the non-ideal Magentohydrodynamics (MHD) behavior of an Am bump. We explore a parameter space of Gaussian bumps with Am = 5, 1, 0.5 peak strength and σ = 0.25, 1, 5. The Gaussian profile is inserted into the …
Joint Constraints On Kepler-36 From Kepler And New Keck-Hires Data,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Joint Constraints On Kepler-36 From Kepler And New Keck-Hires Data, Nicholas Juliano
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
I analyze new HIRES Radial Velocity (RV) data in conjunction with transit mid-times and uncertainties from the full 17 quarters of Kepler data to reassess the orbital parameters of the Kepler-36 system. Six additional RV measurements were taken by the Keck-HIRES spectrograph from September 21, 2021 to October 11, 2021. I carry out a differential evolution Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based (DEMCMC) analysis to infer improved orbital elements for the two known planets in the system. Leveraging additional information provided by the new RV measurements, I extend this DEMCMC analysis to a possible three-planet configuration. I explore the likelihood of a …
The Response Of Atomic-To-Molecular Hydrogen Transition Points In Photodissociation Regions Due To A Hard X-Ray Spectrum,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Response Of Atomic-To-Molecular Hydrogen Transition Points In Photodissociation Regions Due To A Hard X-Ray Spectrum, Gregory Joseph Colarch
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This dissertation develops a model for the response of the transition points in the density profiles from atomic (H0) to molecular (H2) hydrogen in a photodissociation region (PDR) due to a hard X-ray flux (HXR). A model for a steady-state PDR due to the photodissociation of H2 by the far-ultraviolet (FUV) Lyman-Werner radiation band is presented both analytically and computa- tionally. A steady state X-ray dissociation region (XDR) from an HXR in the 1 - 100 keV energy range is also developed both analytically and computationally. An analytic model is then developed by combining these two different steady state models. …
On Outflows Due To Radiation,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
On Outflows Due To Radiation, Randall Cody Dannen
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Observations of ionized AGN outflows have provided compelling evidence that the radiation field transfers both momentum and energy to the plasma. At parsec scale distances in AGN, energy transfer can dominate, in which case the only force needed to launch an outflow is due to gas pressure. Much closer to the black hole, gravity dominates thermal energy due to insufficient heating by the radiation and the gas is in the so-called ’cold wind solution’ regime. Only magnetic or radiation forces can lead to outflow, but it is unclear how these forces depend on the spectral energy distribution (SED) and the …
Inferring The Compositions And Interior Structures Of Small Planets,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Inferring The Compositions And Interior Structures Of Small Planets, David R. Rice
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Although there are now over 10,000 confirmed and candidate extrasolar planets, accurate masses and radii have been determined for around 200 planets of less than 10 Earth-masses. This number will grow exponentially over the next decade as extreme precision radial velocity spectrographs see first light. The densities of small planets hint at a diverse range of compositions for terrestrial worlds from super-Mercuries to super-Ganymedes. Uncertainty in density is as low as 3% in the Trappist-1 system. To determine composition from observed parameters, the community uses a variety of interior structure models. Underlying these models are multiple computational techniques, numerous experimental …
Exploring The Dependence Of Bulges In Spiral Galaxies On Their Environment,
2023
Old Dominion University
Exploring The Dependence Of Bulges In Spiral Galaxies On Their Environment, William Jackson Clark
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Recent research has shown a relationship between spiral galaxy satellite populations and the size of spiral bulges. The modern cosmological model of our universe (ΛCDM), does not predict this. Instead, ΛCMD predicts that only the total dynamical mass of a host galaxy should be correlated with satellite populations. We investigate this relationship in regimes other than satellites. In this study we compare the bulge to total mass ratios of spiral galaxies to the number of nearby galaxies within “n” Mpc. We use four papers from literature that calculate bulge to total mass ratios of 189 spiral galaxies using …
Insights Into Star Formation And Agn Activity In Protocluster Environments From Morphological Studies And Sed Fitting,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Insights Into Star Formation And Agn Activity In Protocluster Environments From Morphological Studies And Sed Fitting, Erik B. Monson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation I present work done from 2018-2023 to investigate the growth of galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH) in high redshift overdensities (protoclusters) by studying the star-forming galaxy and active galactic nucleus (AGN) population in the SSA22 protocluster. I examined possible environmental sources of the enhanced star formation and AGN activity in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster using Hubble WFC3 ∼ 1.6 μm observations of the SSA22 field, including new observations centered on eight X-ray selected protocluster AGN. To investigate the role of mergers in the observed AGN and star formation enhancement, quantitative and visual morphological classifications …
On The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On The Derived Star Formation Histories Of Disk Galaxies,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
On The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On The Derived Star Formation Histories Of Disk Galaxies, Keith Doore
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The physical properties of a galaxy (e.g., its star-formation history and dust content) regulate the distribution of light that is emitted by stars and attenuated by the interstellar gas and dust. This attenuation by dust can have a significant impact on the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of a disk galaxy, especially when taking into account its viewing angle (i.e., inclination). For example, as the inclination angle of a galactic disk changes from face-on to edge-on (i.e., i = 0 deg to i = 90 deg), the proportion of light that is attenuated along the line of sight increases, due …
Upcoming Solar Eclipses Worth A Trip,
2023
Parkland College
Upcoming Solar Eclipses Worth A Trip, Erik Johnson
Natural Science Faculty
Two types of solar eclipses will be visible in the United States over the next 12 months. These rare events won't take place again in the contiguous 48 states for the next twenty years and they are both worth making a trip to see.
Constraining H0 Via Extragalactic Parallax,
2023
University of Richmond
Constraining H0 Via Extragalactic Parallax, Nicholas Ferree
Honors Theses
We examine the prospects for measurement of the Hubble parameter 𝐻0 via observation of the secular parallax of other galaxies due to our own motion relative to the cosmic microwave background rest frame. Peculiar velocities make distance measurements to individual galaxies highly uncertain, but a survey sampling many galaxies can still yield a precise 𝐻0 measurement. We use both a Fisher information formalism and simulations to forecast errors in 𝐻0 from such surveys, marginalizing over the unknown peculiar velocities. The optimum survey observes ∼ 102 galaxies within a redshift 𝐻0max = 0.06. The required errors …
Characterization Of Extended Uncertainty Principle Black Holes,
2023
Loyola Marymount University
Characterization Of Extended Uncertainty Principle Black Holes, Juan Uribe, Jonas Mureika
Honors Thesis
Black Holes are special objects as they are at the intersection of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity. A central tenant of quantum mechanics is the Uncertainty Principle that dictates we cannot know with complete certainty position and momentum at the same time. The Extended Uncertainty Principle introduces a position-related uncertainty correction L_* to account for General Relativity. In a previous paper, a black hole metric associated with the Extended Uncertainty Principle was derived, by modifying the metric function of a Schwarzschild black hole. This metric introduces near-horizon structures that should produce observable effects, such as love numbers, gravitational wave echoes, …
The Rotational Period Distribution Of Massive Magnetic White Dwarfs,
2023
East Texas A&M University
The Rotational Period Distribution Of Massive Magnetic White Dwarfs, Zorayda Martinez
Honors Theses
Rapidly rotating white dwarfs (WDs) have the potential to come about by either double degenerate mergers or weak coupling between the core and the outer envelope during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). For both cases, knowledge of the rotational period distribution places tight constraints on the evolution of angular momentum transfer. Here we present initial results from a study of the rotational period distribution of 19 massive (M > 0:9M), magnetic, DA WDs observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and 17 observed with ground-based telescopes and analyzed with the Lightkurve python package. We present periodograms, folded light curves, and …
Optimal Method For Reconstructing Polychromatic Maps From Broadband Observations With An Aysmmetric Antenna Pattern,
2023
University of Richmond
Optimal Method For Reconstructing Polychromatic Maps From Broadband Observations With An Aysmmetric Antenna Pattern, Brianna Cantrall, Emory F. Bunn, Solomon Quinn
Honors Theses
Broadband time-ordered data obtained from telescopes with a wavelength-dependent, asymmetric beam pattern can be used to extract maps at multiple wavelengths from a single scan. This technique is especially useful when collecting data on cosmic phenomena such as the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation, as it provides the ability to separate the CMB signal from foreground contaminants. We develop a method to determine the optimal linear combinations of wavelengths (“colors”) that can be reconstructed for a given telescope design and the number of colors that are measurable with high signal-to-noise ratio. The optimal colors are found as eigenvectors of a …
