Investigation Of Small-Scale Energy Release And Transfer Processes In The Solar Atmosphere With High-Resolution Observations In Infrared,
2019
New Jersey Institute of Technology
Investigation Of Small-Scale Energy Release And Transfer Processes In The Solar Atmosphere With High-Resolution Observations In Infrared, Xu Yang
Dissertations
Solar spectrum in the infrared (IR) contains abundant information of solar activities, however, it has not spectral lines in the solar IR spectrum provide different tools to probe the solar atmosphere in various heights. This radiation band in such relatively long wavelength includes various atom and molecule spectral lines that are generated by relatively small energy level transitions. The temperature-sensitive and highly dynamic spectral lines could reveal the energy transmission process more easily than those in the visible wavelength of solar emission. Moreover, the better magnetic sensitivities for the infrared lines resulting from their longer wavelength make them detect the …
Investigation Of Membrane Protein Dynamics Using Correlative Single-Particle Tracking And Super-Resolution Microscopy Combined With Bayesian Inference Of Diusion In Arbitrary Landscapes,
2019
University of New Mexico
Investigation Of Membrane Protein Dynamics Using Correlative Single-Particle Tracking And Super-Resolution Microscopy Combined With Bayesian Inference Of Diusion In Arbitrary Landscapes, Hanieh Mazloom Farsibaf
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
Many experiments have shown that the diffusive motion of lipids and membrane proteins are slower on the cell surface than those in artificial lipid bilayers or blebs. One hypothesis that may partially explain this mystery is the effect of the cytoskeleton structures on the protein dynamics. To test this hypothesis, we designed a high-speed single particle tracking microscope and use a hybrid tracking and super-resolution approach on the same cell. We labeled the high-affinity FceRI receptor as a transmembrane protein and GPI-anchored proteins as an example of outer leaflet protein in Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) cells and tracked these membrane …
The Timing Of Dynamical Interactions Between Planets In Exoplanetary Systems,
2019
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Timing Of Dynamical Interactions Between Planets In Exoplanetary Systems, David Robert Rice
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
During the late stage of planet formation, a system is often dynamically packed with protoplanets. These bodies collide together and are ejected from the system to form the final planets. The duration of stability before these dynamical interactions occur is dependent on the initial separation of the bodies in a system. Previous works have shown that the time before a planet-planet close encounter is exponential with the initial planet spacing measured in units of mutual Hill radius. We investigate the limitations of these previous studies. We find that systems that are initially similar can have larger differences in stability times …
Direct Observation Of Atomic Exchange During Surface Self-Diffusion,
2019
University of New Mexico
Direct Observation Of Atomic Exchange During Surface Self-Diffusion, Matthew Aaron Koppa
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
The diffusion of adatoms across the (100) plane of iridium has been previously inferred to occur by an exchange mechanism based on site mapping. This study provides the first direct observation that surface self-diffusion can occur by exchange. Iridium enriched to ≥93% 191Ir was deposited onto an atomically clean and smooth Ir(100) plane as observed in an atom probe field ion microscope. Following thermally activated surface self-diffusion the adatom was field desorbed and mass analyzed. Observation of the 193Ir isotope in one-half of the cases demonstrates conclusively that atomic exchange can occur during surface self-diffusion.
The Distribution Of Ultra-Diffuse And Ultra-Compact Galaxies In The Frontier Fields,
2019
University of Toronto
The Distribution Of Ultra-Diffuse And Ultra-Compact Galaxies In The Frontier Fields, Steven Janssens, Roberto Abraham, Jean Brodie, Duncan Forbes, Aaron Romanowsky
Faculty Publications
Large low-surface-brightness galaxies have recently been found to be abundant in nearby galaxy clusters. In this paper, we investigate these ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the six Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy clusters: A2744, MACS J0416.1−2403, MACS J0717.5+3745, MACS J1149.5+2223, AS1063, and A370. These are the most massive (1–3 × 1015 M ⊙) and distant (0.308 < z < 0.545) systems in which this class of galaxy has yet been discovered. We estimate that the clusters host of the order of ~200–1400 UDGs inside the virial radius (R 200), consistent with the UDG abundance–halo-mass relation found in the local universe, and suggest that UDGs may be formed in clusters. Within each cluster, however, we find that UDGs are not evenly distributed. Instead their projected spatial distributions are lopsided, and they are deficient in the regions of highest mass density as traced by gravitational lensing. While the deficiency of UDGs in central regions is not surprising, the lopsidedness is puzzling. The UDGs, and their lopsided spatial distributions, may be associated with known substructures late in their infall into the clusters, meaning that we find evidence both for formation of UDGs in clusters and for UDGs falling into clusters. We also investigate the ultra-compact dwarfs (UCDs) residing in the clusters, and find that the spatial distributions of UDGs and UCDs appear anticorrelated. Around 15% of UDGs exhibit either compact nuclei or nearby point sources. Taken together, these observations provide additional evidence for a picture in which at least some UDGs are destroyed in dense cluster environments and leave behind a residue of UCDs.
Stellar Chromospheric Activity And Age Relation From Open Clusters In The Lamost Survey,
2019
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Stellar Chromospheric Activity And Age Relation From Open Clusters In The Lamost Survey, Jiajun Zhang, Terry Oswalt, Jingkun Zhao, Xiangsong Fang, Gang Zhao, Xilong Liang, Xianhao Ye, Jing Zhong
Publications
No abstract provided.
Bayesian Characterization Of Main-Sequence Binaries In The Old Open Cluster Ngc 188,
2019
Space Telescope Science Institute
Bayesian Characterization Of Main-Sequence Binaries In The Old Open Cluster Ngc 188, Roger E. Cohen, Ted Von Hippel, Aaron M. Geller
Publications
The binary fractions of open and globular clusters yield powerful constraints on their dynamical state and evolutionary history. We apply publicly available Bayesian analysis tools to a UBV RIJHKS photometric catalog of the open cluster NGC 188 to detect and characterize photometric binaries along the cluster main sequence. This technique has the advantage of self-consistently handling photometric errors, missing data in various bandpasses, and star-by-star prior constraints on cluster membership. Simulations are used to verify uncertainties and quantify selection biases in our analysis, illustrating that among binaries with mass ratios >0.5, we recover the binary fraction to better than …
Precise Mass Determination Of Spt-Cl J2106-5844, The Most Massive Cluster At Z > 1,
2019
University of San Francisco
Precise Mass Determination Of Spt-Cl J2106-5844, The Most Massive Cluster At Z > 1, Jinhyub Kim, M. James Jee, Saul Perlmutter, Brian Hayden, David Rubin, Xiaosheng Huang, Greg Aldering, Jongwan Ko
Physics and Astronomy
We present a detailed high-resolution weak-lensing study of SPT-CL J2106-5844 at z = 1.132, claimed to be the most massive system discovered at z > 1 in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zel'dovich survey. Based on the deep imaging data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope, we find that the cluster mass distribution is asymmetric, composed of a main clump and a subclump ~640 kpc west thereof. The central clump is further resolved into two smaller northwestern and southeastern substructures separated by ~150 kpc. We show that this rather complex …
Transmission Spectroscopy Of Wasp-79b From 0.6 To 5.0 Μm,
2019
Johns Hopkins University
Transmission Spectroscopy Of Wasp-79b From 0.6 To 5.0 Μm, Kristin S. Sotzen, Kevin B. Stevenson, David K. Sing, Brian M. Kilpatrick, Hannah R. Wakeford, Joseph C. Filippazzo, Nikole K. Lewis, Sarah M. Hörst, Mercedes López-Morales, Gregory W. Henry, Lars A. Buchhave, David Ehrenreich, Jonathan D. Fraine, Antonio García Muñoz, Rahul Jayaraman, Panayotis Lavvas, Alain Lecavelier Des Etangs, Mark S. Marley, Nikolay Nikolov, Alexander D. Rathcke, Jorge Sanz-Forcada
Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications
As part of the Panchromatic Exoplanet Treasury program, we have conducted a spectroscopic study of WASP-79b, an inflated hot Jupiter orbiting an F-type star in Eridanus with a period of 3.66 days. Building on the original WASP and TRAPPIST photometry of Smalley et al., we examine Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) (1.125–1.650 μm), Magellan/Low Dispersion Survey Spectrograph (LDSS)-3C (0.6–1 μm) data, and Spitzer data (3.6 and 4.5 μm). Using data from all three instruments, we constrain the water abundance to be −2.20 ≤ log(H2O) ≤ −1.55. We present these results along with the results of an atmospheric …
Dark Matter Production Beyond The Thermal Wimp Paradigm: An Exploration Of Early Matter Domination Scenarios,
2019
University of New Mexico
Dark Matter Production Beyond The Thermal Wimp Paradigm: An Exploration Of Early Matter Domination Scenarios, Jacek Ksawery Osinski
Physics & Astronomy ETDs
In the standard thermal history of the Universe, the energy density is dominated by radiation throughout the postinflationary era, until matter-radiation equality after big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). However, we currently do not have any observational probes of the pre-BBN period, and radiation domination (RD) is therefore an assumption. Generic early Universe models predict the presence of additional components in the postinflationary Universe which can lead to periods of nonstandard evolution before the onset of BBN. A prominent example of such a period is a phase of early matter domination (EMD) in which the Universe undergoes matter-dominated expansion for a time, …
Quantum-Enhanced Advanced Ligo Detectors In The Era Of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy,
2019
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Quantum-Enhanced Advanced Ligo Detectors In The Era Of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy, M. Tse, Haocun Yu, N. Kijbunchoo, A. Fernandez-Galiana, P. Dupej, L. Barsotti, C. D. Blair, D. D. Brown, S. E. Dwyer, Karla E. Ramirez
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of squeezed vacuum states in the direct measurement of gravitational waves with the Advanced LIGO H1 and L1 detectors. This achievement is the culmination of decades of research to implement squeezed states in gravitational-wave detectors. During the ongoing O3 observation run, squeezed states are improving the sensitivity of the LIGO interferometers to signals above 50 Hz by up to 3 dB, thereby increasing the expected detection rate by 40% (H1) and 50% (L1).
Plenty Of Stars On Display On Parkland's Campus,
2019
Parkland College
Plenty Of Stars On Display On Parkland's Campus, Erik Johnson
Natural Science Faculty
Since 1987, the William M. Staerkel Planetarium has brought the universe to Champaign-Urbana even if the skies are cloudy. Parkland College’s first president, William Staerkel (“star-kul”), dreamed of establishing a cultural center in campus, engaging the community in arts and sciences with a theater and a planetarium. That vision was realized at the end of his tenure and the planetarium was named in his honor.
Assessing & Protecting Dark Night Skies In El Morro National Monument,
2019
Utah State University
Assessing & Protecting Dark Night Skies In El Morro National Monument, Leslie Kobinsky
All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023
Light pollution is causing the disappearance of dark night skies around the world. In the United States alone, 1/3 of people are unable to see the Milky Way where they live (Ramlagan, 2016). National Park Service sites contain some of the darkest skies in the country. Here at El Morro National Monument, these dark skies are a beautiful and healthy benefit to people in the local community and visitors traveling from afar. El Morro’s current park legislation does not include specific measures of protection for the night sky. This capstone project will create a baseline data set of night sky …
Detection Of A Low-Mass Stellar Companion To The Accelerating A2iv Star Hr 1645,
2019
Stanford University
Detection Of A Low-Mass Stellar Companion To The Accelerating A2iv Star Hr 1645, Robert J. De Rosa, Eric L. Nielsen, Julien Rameau, Gaspard Duchêne, Alexandra Z. Greenbaum, Jason J. Wang, S. Mark Ammons, Vanessa P. Bailey, Travis Barman, Joanna Bulger, Jeffrey Chilcote, Tara Cotten, Rene Doyon, Thomas M. Esposito, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Katherine B. Follette, Benjamin L. Gerard, Stephen J. Goodsell, James R. Graham, Pascale Hibon, Justin Hom, Li Wei Hung, Patrick Ingraham, Paul Kalas, Quinn Konopacky, James E. Larkin, Bruce Macintosh, Jérôme Maire, Franck Marchis, Mark S. Marley, Christian Marois, Stanimir Metchev, Kimberly Ward-Duong, Et Al
Astronomy: Faculty Publications
The ∼500 Myr A2IV star HR 1645 has one of the most significant low-amplitude accelerations of nearby early-type stars measured from a comparison of the Hipparcos and Gaia astrometric catalogs. This signal is consistent with either a stellar companion with a moderate mass ratio (q ∼ 0.5) on a short period (P < 1 yr), or a substellar companion at a separation wide enough to be resolved with ground-based high-contrast imaging instruments; long-period equal-mass ratio stellar companions that are also consistent with the measured acceleration are excluded with previous imaging observations. The small but significant amplitude of the acceleration made HR 1645 a promising candidate for targeted searches for brown dwarf and planetary-mass companions around nearby, young stars. In this paper we explore the origin of the astrometric acceleration by modeling the signal induced by a wide-orbit M8 companion discovered with the Gemini Planet Imager, as well as the effects of an inner short-period spectroscopic companion discovered a century ago but not since followed up. We present the first constraints on the orbit of the inner companion, and demonstrate that it is a plausible cause of the astrometric acceleration. This result demonstrates the importance of vetting of targets with measured astrometric acceleration for short-period stellar companions prior to conducting targeted direct imaging surveys for wide-orbit substellar companions.
New Foundation In The Sciences: Physics Without Sweeping Infinities Under The Rug,
2019
University of New Mexico
New Foundation In The Sciences: Physics Without Sweeping Infinities Under The Rug, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
It is widely known among the Frontiers of physics, that “sweeping under the rug” practice has been quite the norm rather than exception. In other words, the leading paradigms have strong tendency to be hailed as the only game in town. For example, renormalization group theory was hailed as cure in order to solve infinity problem in QED theory. For instance, a quote from Richard Feynman goes as follows: “What the three Nobel Prize winners did, in the words of Feynman, was "to get rid of the infinities in the calculations. The infinities are still there, but now they can …
Astrodynamics Of The Next Generation Space Weather Prediction Mission,
2019
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Astrodynamics Of The Next Generation Space Weather Prediction Mission, Mark Herring
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Accurate prediction of the solar wind properties, interplanetary magnetic field direction and various space weather phenomena becomes ever more important as our dependence on Earth orbiting spacecraft increases. Different solar wind drivers can lead both to enhancements and losses of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belts, thus posing a major risk to satellites. To further our understanding of the Sun’s impact on the near Earth space environment, as well as to provide predictive capabilities, a mission placing monitoring satellites in key orbits in the inner Solar System is being proposed. As part of that effort, the possibility of using …
A Compositional Analysis Of Artificial And Terrestrial Analog Martian Regolith Simulants,
2019
Florida Institute of Technology
A Compositional Analysis Of Artificial And Terrestrial Analog Martian Regolith Simulants, Beverly Watson Kemmerer
Theses and Dissertations
Over the past 50 years, significant advances in the knowledge of the topography, climate, and geology of Mars have taken place. The global Martian regolith composition is highly basaltic, primarily composed of pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine, a mixture of Fe oxides and Fe-Ti oxides, and some alteration minerals, i.e. sulfates, carbonates, and clays. The particle size distribution of Martian regolith ranges from 1 µm to 1000 µm, with average Martian soil grain sizes being 250 µm to 300 µm. These regolith properties, as well as geotechnical properties, all play a part in the outcome of certain in situ resource utilization …
Event Reconstruction In The Advanced Particle-Astrophysics Telescope,
2019
Washington University in St. Louis
Event Reconstruction In The Advanced Particle-Astrophysics Telescope, Emily Ramey
McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations
The Advanced Particle-Astrophysics Telescope (APT) is a concept for a gamma-ray space telescope operating in the keV to MeV energy range. Due to the nature of the telescope and the physics of detection, reconstructing initial photon trajectories can be very computationally complex. This is a barrier to the real-time detection of astrophysical transient phenomena such as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), and a faster reconstruction algorithm is needed in order to effectively study them. In this project, we develop such an algorithm based on Boggs & Jean (2000) and discuss the effects of certain algorithmic parameters on computational performance. For testing, …
An Investigation Of Metal Sulfides As The Source Of The Low Emissivity Anomaly On The Highlands Of Venus,
2019
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
An Investigation Of Metal Sulfides As The Source Of The Low Emissivity Anomaly On The Highlands Of Venus, Sara Taeko Port
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Since its detection in the 1960s the source of the unusual radar emissivity signal seen on several highlands on Venus has long eluded researchers. Researchers have determined that a mineral with a high dielectric constant could explain the signal. Using a Venus simulation chamber, we experimentally investigated this enigma to build upon the candidate mineral list that has been compiled over the last several decades. We tested the stability of 8 different minerals and elements at two to three different temperature/pressure regimes in three different gas mixtures meant to simulate the conditions found on Venus for a period of no …
Raman Investigations On Gamma Irradiated Ipp-Vgcnf Nanocomposites: The Polymer's Tale,
2019
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Raman Investigations On Gamma Irradiated Ipp-Vgcnf Nanocomposites: The Polymer's Tale, Dorina M. Chipara, Corina Secu, Karen Lozano, Mihail Secu, Mircea Chipara
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
Raman investigations on nanocomposites obtained by loading various amounts of vapor grown carbon nanofibers within an isotactic polypropylene matrix, and gamma irradiated in air, at various integral doses ranging between 0 and 27 kGy, are reported. The analysis is focused on the polymer's answers as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and investigate in detail the effect of ionizing radiation on the position of the Raman line originating from the polymer. The as-obtained data are correlated to the elastic features of the nanocomposites. A competition between gamma irradiation and loading by carbon nanofiber, resulting in the stretching of the polymeric matrix …
