Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Biomechanical Comparisons Of Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Techniques In The Horse, Lawrence Ivan M. Kadic

LSU Master's Theses

INTRODUCTION - Break down injuries resulting in the disruption of the suspensory apparatus, or the development of moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, are well documented reasons to perform a surgical arthrodesis in horses. The objective of this thesis was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of different arthrodesis techniques for the equine MCP joint.

MATERIALS AND METHODS - The first cadaveric study evaluated the biomechanical properties of two constructs with 5.5 mm broad 10-hole LCP alone or in combination with a 2.0 mm stainless-steel cable under cyclic fatigue testing and single cycle to failure …

Antibody Dependent Enhancement Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Poultry, Zachary Hamilton, Barry Simpson, Donald L. Reynolds

UCARE: Research Products

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a coronavirus infection of chickens that causes respiratory disease and reproductive problems in chickens. Currently, there are vaccines that are effective against IB. However, new variants and strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) routinely emerge. A vaccine that is not the same strain as the virus is not completely effective in protecting against other variants because the vaccine will not allow the host antibodies to completely neutralize the strain. This is a problem because it makes IB difficult to control and diagnose.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon whereby non-neutralizing antibodies, or low levels …

The Effects Of Dietary Interventions On Adverse Outcomes In Obese, Preeclamptic-Like Bph/5 Female Mice, Morgan Alston

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Protective Efficacy Of Viral Vector Based Swine Influenza Vaccine And A Method For B Cell Culture For Monoclonal Antibody Generation, Sushmita Kumari

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Influenza A virus of the swine (IAV-S) is an economically important swine pathogen that has the potential to spread to humans, thus posing an ongoing public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Hemagglutinin (HA), the most abundant viral envelope protein, is known to be the key protective antigen. Anti-HA antibodies alone, have been shown to prevent IAV infection. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of a recombinant tri segmented Pichinde virus (PICV) as a viral vector to deliver IAV-S hemagglutinin antigen in pigs. Four groups of weaned pigs (T01-04) were immunized twice with PBS, rPICV-GFP as a vector …

European Starling Use Of Nest Boxes Relative To Human Disturbance, Bradley Blackwell, Bruce N. Buckingham, Morgan B. Pfeiffer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

gars and to engine and flight surfaces of moored aircraft. We questioned whether consistent removal of nest material would negatively affect use of a nest site, measured by a reduction in material accumulation. We conducted our study on a 2,200-ha site in Erie County, Ohio, USA (41° 22’ N, 82° 41’ W), from April 15 through June 2, 2020. We used 120 wooden nest boxes on utility poles, protected by an aluminum predator guard below the box. Our treatments included (1) twice weekly, repeated nest material removal (RMR; n = 40 nest boxes); (2) complete nest removal, but only after …

Understanding Continent-Wide Variation In Vulture Ranging Behavior To Assess Feasibility Of Vulture Safe Zones In Africa: Challenges And Possibilities, Adam Kane, Ara Monadjem, H. K.Ortwin Aschenborn, Keith Bildstein, André Botha, Claire Bracebridge, Evan R. Buechley, Ralph Buij, John P. Davies, Maria Diekmann, Colleen T. Downs, Nina Farwig, Toby Galligan, Gregory Kaltenecker, Chris Kelly, Ryno Kemp, Holger Kolberg, Monique L. Mackenzie, John Mendelsohn, Msafiri Mgumba, Ran Nathan, Aaron Nicholas, Darcy Ogada, Morgan Pfeiffer, W. Louis Phipps, Matteuns D. Pretorius, Sascha Rösner, Dana G. Schabo, Gabriel Lita Shatumbu, Orr Spiegel, Lindy J. Thompson, Jan A. Venter, Munir Virani, Kerri Wolter, Corinne J. Kendall

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Protected areas are intended as tools in reducing threats to wildlife and preserving habitat for their long-term population persistence. Studies on ranging behavior provide insight into the utility of protected areas. Vultures are one of the fastest declining groups of birds globally and are popular subjects for telemetry studies, but continent-wide studies are lacking. To address how vultures use space and identify the areas and location of possible vulture safe zones, we assess home range size and their overlap with protected areas by species, age, breeding status, season, and region using a large continent-wide telemetry datasets that includes 163 individuals …

Economic Consequences Of The Wolf Comeback In The Western United States, Dana Hoag, Stewart W. Breck, Kevin Crooks, Becky Niemiec

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Gray wolves were eradicated from most of the United States in the 1940’s but have made a comeback in parts of their historic range over the last two decades. First reintroduced into the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and central Idaho in the mid-1990’s, wolves have subsequently dispersed into at least 7 western states. Coloradoans became the latest state to take interest in bolstering wolf populations, as residents passed a ballot initiative in November 2020 to reintroduce a self-sustaining population of gray wolves by the end of 2023. Conflicts between people in rural areas that might incur costs (such as livestock loss) …

Strengthening Information Literacy Through (Online) Conversation, Kelly Weigand, Antonia Jameson Jordan

Georgia International Conference on Information Literacy

There are many controversies surrounding the use of animals for food, and we have observed that veterinary students are interested in deeper consideration of the ethical, moral, and practical implications associated with animal agriculture. Guided by the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education, we developed a discussion-based course focused on the complex issue of consuming animal products to provide practice in seeking and critically evaluating sources.

The course met weekly for eight weeks. Prior to each session, students submitted a brief reflection on the assigned readings and videos, and provided citations for additional relevant materials. Class sessions were …

Tick Surveillance And Pathogen Detection In Eastern South Dakota, Holly E. Black

Honors Thesis

Tick-borne diseases threaten the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems, but surveillance efforts are lacking in some regions. Throughout 2019, 2020, and 2021, we conducted tick surveys aimed at determining the status of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and the lone star tick (Amblyoma americanum) in eastern South Dakota. Each year, ticks were collected using a flagging method and identified in the lab. A subset were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dermacentor variabilis was the most commonly identified tick, …

Evaluation Of Nitrite Concentration In Edible Bird’S Nest (White, Yellow, Orange, And Red Blood), Siti Gusti Ningrum, Bagus Uda Palgunad, Rochiman Sasmita

Makara Journal of Science

The color of edible bird’s nest is associated with its nitrite concentration, but this relationship remains inconclusive. This investigation aimed to evaluate the nitrite content in edible bird’s nest of four different colors: white, yellow, orange, and red blood. Fifty-eight edible bird’s nest samples were obtained from five swiftlet farmhouses in Borneo Island, Indonesia and analyzed for nitrite content using Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the dark-colored edible bird’s nests (yellow, orange, and red blood) had higher nitrite concentrations of 304, 317, and 309 ppm, respectively, compared with the white-colored one (15 ppm). Therefore, the color of edible …

Novel Roles For Viral Gpcrs In Cmv Latency And Immunity, Timothy White

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread, highly prevalent pathogen with severe consequences in vulnerable populations. HCMV and the related murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encode multiple G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) homologs which are involved in latency, immune evasion, and tissue tropism and dissemination. In this work, we investigate the mechanisms of two CMV-encoded GPCR homologs, HCMV US28 and MCMV M33, in latency and T cell immune evasion. Chapter 2 describes the isolation and immortalization of a salivary gland-derived mesenchymal cell line, termed mSGM. These cells are permissive to MCMV infection and express all three BALB/c mouse MHC class I isotypes, making them …

Livestock Performance In Response To High Intensity Rotational Grazing System, Austin Kennedy

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The production of livestock is composed of a variety of factors all effecting the outcome. For grazing livestock, a key factor in production is the grazing management system. Two of the most common grazing management systems are continuous grazing and rotational grazing. There has been evidence found proving benefits of rotational grazing in regard to vegetation productivity, and prevention and restoration of degraded rangeland. However, there is a lack of clear evidence on the relationship between grazing system and production metrics of livestock. Understanding this relationship can provide the necessary information for livestock producers in order to increase their production …

Assessment Of Diversity Of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes And Genotypes Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Isolates From Bovine Nasopharyngeal Swabs, Hannah F. Carter, Robert W. Wills, Matthew A. Scott, Alexis C. Thompson, Randall S. Singer, John Dustin Loy, Brandi B. Karisch, William B. Epperson, Amelia R. Woolums

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The threat of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for cattle operations is exacerbated by increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, a leading cause of BRD. Characterization of AMR in M. haemolytica by culture and susceptibility testing is complicated by uncertainty regarding the number of colonies that must be selected to accurately characterize AMR phenotypes (antibiograms) and genotypes in a culture. The study objective was to assess phenotypic and genotypic diversity of M. haemolytica isolates on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from 28 cattle at risk for BRD or with BRD. NPS were swabbed onto five consecutive blood agar plates; …

Evaluation Of Hippocampal Allostatic Load-Associated Factors In Animal Models Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Relevance To Human Ptsd, Dennis Parker Kelley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated allostatic load, nearly double the risk for metabolic syndrome, reduced hippocampal volume, and contextual memory processing deficits. Emerging evidence suggests that these stress effects may predispose individuals to the development of PTSD, and there is a known relationship between chronic stress and metabolic dysfunction. In this work, we utilized two rat models of PTSD to explore these connections. We used an acute predator odor stressor to investigate the relationship between PTSD-like behaviors and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus of rats, and we observed that conditioned place avoidance was associated with reduced mitochondrial …

Indications For Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Kerong Li, Xiaoxiao Zhou, Zhijun Zhong, Haifeng Liu, Min Li, Guangneng Peng, Ziyao Zhou

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel method to treat intestinal and extraintestinal diseases by transplanting the microbiota in the feces of healthy animals into the gastrointestinal tracts of patients and reconstructing intestinal flora in the patients' intestine. In this article, we reviewed the recent studies of canine FMT focusing on its indications. FMT was proved effective to treat canine Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) diarrhea and acute diarrhea; upregulate the intestinal microbiota in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS); and may have benefit for preventing canine post-weaning diarrhea. However, the specific FMT …

Transcutaneous Light Penetration Of Simultaneous Superpulsed And Multiple Wavelength Photobiomodulation Therapy In Living Dog Tissue, Somphong Hoisang, Suvaluk Seesupa, Supranee Jitpean, Naruepon Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is used as an adjunctive therapy for wound healing, pain relief and rehabilitation. The penetration of light to the target tissue is the crucial factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential penetration of simultaneous superpulsed and multiple wavelength (SPMW) PBMT on living tissue in dogs. Twenty client-owned dogs were anesthetized and underwent abdominal surgery. The PMBT device was set at 50 Hz and delivered light for 60 sec at different distances; at 0 cm (contact) and 1 cm tissue-device distance (non-contact). The power meter was placed and measured the mean output power (MOP) …

Natural Mycoplasma Bovis Infection Associated With Epithelioid Granulomatous Caseonecrotic Bronchiolitis At A Progressed Disease Stage In Calves, Mathurot Suwanruengsri, Ryoko Uemura, Uda Zahli Izzati, Takuya Kanda, Naoyuki Fuke, Masahiro Yasuda, Takuya Hirai, Ryoji Yamaguchi

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a pathogen that especially effects the respiratory system of cattle. We focused on the histopathological changes in the lungs caused by M. bovis because the lesions in the bronchi or bronchioles and alveoli are quite different in natural infections. Thirty-five lung samples from 2-to 12-month-old Japanese Black calves with respiratory symptoms were collected and examined for bacteria presence and pathological changes using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, 18 of the 35 samples were found to be positive for M. bovis, which was isolated and identified. In 7 of the samples, only M. …

Expression Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Receptors (Ptgfr) And C-Reactive Protein (Crp) In The Canine Uterus And Cervix With Opened- And Closed-Cervix Pyometra, Narong Tiptanavattana, Pokchon Khirilak, Theerawat Tharasanit, Natapol Duangtum, Kijsopon Jankaew, Prawit Sae-Jia, Nongnapat Kaewchana

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Pyometra is a common reproductive disorder in female dogs. This study investigated the protein expression of prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors (PTGFR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in responses to inflammatory events of uterine and cervical tissues in dogs. Uterus and cervix samples were collected from six dogs which had closed-cervix pyometra (n = 3) and opened- cervix pyometra (n = 3). Healthy dogs in diestrus (n = 3) and anestrus (n=3) were used as controls. Tissues were histologically prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis for the PTGFR and CRP were used to verify the …

Seasonal And Antimicrobial Resistance Distributions Of Salmonella Isolated From Pork, Beef And Chicken Meat In Vientiane Capital, Lao Pdr, Sitthasone Xaymountry, Kanit Chukanhom, Seri Klangair, Jatesada Jiwakanon, Sunpetch Angkititrakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objectives in this study was to investigate the prevalence, seasonal variation and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from pork, beef and chicken meat at retail markets in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR. During May 2018 to April 2019, 445 swab samples were randomly collected from pork (n = 258), beef (n = 81) and poultry meat (n = 106) in three seasons at three retail big markets in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR, Thongkhankham, Lao-Aussi, and Nongchan markets. All samples were isolated and identified for Salmonella spp. using the ISO 6579:2002/AMD 1:2007 procedure. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using …

Investigation Of Bacterial Pathogens In Milk From Mastitic Dairy Cattle By Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Gokben Ozbey, Baris Otlu, Yusuf Yakupogullari, Betul Celik, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Neslihan Kelestemur, Tarik Safak, Ali Risvanli, Anil Persad, Emma Sproston

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The scope of the present study was to assess the use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) as a quick technique for the identification of bacterial species in mastitis. In this study, milk samples from each udder quarter from a total of 250 dairy cattle were aseptically collected and tested. The samples were grouped into California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive, CMT negative and clinical mastitis. The samples were streaked on blood agar and the bacterial isolates were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. Using MALDI-TOF MS, certain species such as Staphylococcus chromogenes (44/188, 23.4%), Aerococcus viridans (40/188, 21.3%) …