Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Genetic Diversity Of Influenza A Viruses In Live Bird Markets And Free-Grazing Ducks In Thailand, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can infect birds and a wide variety of mammals. Live bird markets (LBMs) and free-grazing ducks (FGDs) are the important reservoirs of influenza A viruses in Thailand. This study aims to gain the overall information of IAVs circulated in LBMs in Bangkok and in FGD flocks in Thailand. IAVs surveillance in LBM in Bangkok was conducted to identified the IAVs in LBM during 2019-2020. The IAV-H9N2 (n=8) and IAV-H9Nx (n=2) were isolated from 1,178 swab samples. The IAVs of the previous CU-EIDAs’ LBM surveillance programs during 2014-2018 were included for overall genetic analysis. Total 6 subtypes …

Molecular Investigation And Genetic Characterization Of Canine Astrovirus And Canine Kobuvirus With Associated Pathology In Domestic Dogs In Vietnam And Thailand, Tin Van Nguyen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Canine astrovirus (CaAstV) and canine kobuvirus (CaKoV) are recently recognized pathogens associated with canine gastrointestinal disease (GID), though their exact role remains poorly understood. In both Vietnam and Thailand, these viruses were detected in dogs with and without diarrhea, particularly high frequency in puppies under 6 months old. Co-infection between CaAstV and CaKoV, as well as with other common canine enteric viruses (canine parvovirus, canine enteric coronavirus, canine distemper virus), were also confirmed. Complete coding sequences (CDS) of 7 CaAstV strains and 9 CaKoV strains from Vietnam, and 2 CaAstV strains and 4 CaKoV strains from Thailand were successfully identified. …

Innovation Of Alpha-Mangostin Encapsulated With Nanostructured-Lipid Carrier As Non-Surgical Castration In Cats And Survey Attitude Towards Surgical Sterilization In Thailand, Shanaporn Leelakajornkit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Overpopulation of companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, is a global concern, necessitating effective population control policies. This research investigates the attitudes of veterinarians and pet owners in Thailand regarding dog and cat surgical sterilization and the use of progestins as non-surgical contraception. The study also assesses the effects of intratesticular administration of alpha-mangostin encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (AM-NLC) in male cats, and adverse effects. Furthermore, a novel formulation of AM-NLC for intratesticular administration is also developed. Surveys reveal that decisions on sterilization are influenced by species, sex, COVID-19 impacts, and demographic factors. And anesthesia risks remain a primary …

Developmental Model Of Endometrial Cell Culture For The Study Of Equine Endometrosis, Sawita Santiviparat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The importance and rationale of this thesis were to address the critical knowledge gap in equine endometrosis by developing a comprehensive 3-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of equine endometrial tissue using advanced technology like 3D bioprinting. Study 1 aimed to develop an in vitro model for studying equine endometrial function by isolating and characterizing equine endometrial epithelial cells (eECs) and endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) using a modified tissue explantation outgrowth technique. Both cell types were successfully cultured in specific medium conditions, maintaining their characteristic features. Notably, eECs retained their function in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and KnockOut™ serum replacement …

A Comprehensive Study Of African Horse Sickness Outbreak In The Northeastern Region Of Thailand: Outbreak Investigation, Genetic Characterization, And Longitudinal Serological Monitoring, Napawan Bunpapong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

African horse sickness (AHS) results from infection with the African horse sickness virus (AHSV). The AHSV is a non-contagious and belongs to genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae and primarily by Culicoides midges. AHS caused the devastating infection in equine population, including horses, ponies, European donkeys, and mules. AHS maintains its occurrence in southern African countries, it may possess threatening impact to the naïve regions such as Asia or Southeast Asia. The objectives of this study are 1) To investigate the emerging AHS outbreak in the Northeastern region of Thailand, 2) To characterize emerged AHSV in Thailand and 3) To monitor serological …

Diversity Of Blood-Sucking Insects And Vector-Borne Diseases In Pig Farms In Thailand, Kritsada Thongmeesee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) have been recognized as important diseases in humans and animals across the globe. Blood-sucking insects, such as mosquitoes, tabanid flies, and stable flies may carry pathogens, transmit, and cause VBDs in hosts, including pigs. In Thailand, most of the pig farms have backyard system implying that pigs could be easily exposed to blood-sucking insects and lead to infection with vector-borne pathogens (hemoplasmas, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Trypanosoma (T.) evansi). However, the information about vector-borne pathogens in pigs in Thailand needs to be updated. The objectives of this dissertation were to study the occurrence and genetic diversity …

Effects Of High-Speed Training On Messenger Rna Expression In Two-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses, Mackenzie Grace Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Accumulating high-speed exercise has been identified as a significant risk factor for catastrophic injuries in racing Thoroughbreds. Injuries, regardless of severity, are a main cause of withdrawal from the racing industry, raising animal welfare concerns and resulting in significant economic losses. While most of the current literature focuses on catastrophic injuries incurred during racing rather than training, the present study aims to help fill this gap as well as discuss the associated risk factors. The evaluation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression changes provides an efficient and straightforward approach to identifying horses at risk for catastrophic injury. While alternative injury risk …

Equine Fecal Microbiota Response To Short Term Antibiotic Administration, Jordan Lacey Parker

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Though generally regarded as safe, research continues to demonstrate negative side effects of antibiotic administration on the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota across species. In horses, antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is a life-threatening side effect linked to the GIT microbiota. This study tested the hypothesis that short term antibiotic administration to healthy horses would negatively impact the fecal microbiota as measured by their ability to digest nutrients and produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Twenty-four horses were assigned to one of four treatments: control (CO); potassium penicillin/gentamicin sulfate (KPG); ceftiofur crystalline free acid (EX); trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SMZ); and treated for 4 days. Fecal …

Understanding Human Gut Bacterial Interactions And Their Role In Colonization Resistance Against Clostridioides Difficile Using Mini-Bioreactor Array And Caenorhabditis Elegans As Model Systems, Achuthan Ambat

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Quantifying Residual Feed In A Fence-Line Feedlot Bunk Using Depth Camera Imaging Techniques, Jean Niwenshuti, Galen E. Erickson, Tami M. Brown-Bandl, Eric T. Psota, Yijie Xiong

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Feed bunk management requires intensive labor and relies on manual observation to estimate the amount of residual feed in the bunk. Alternative and innovative technologies were used to estimate the weight of residual feed in a concrete fence-line bunk using a depth camera. Depth cameras capture the distance between the camera and the object in their field of view. This study used a time-of-flight depth camera (Azure Kinect, Microsoft) to estimate the weight of residual feed in a partial fence-line concrete bunk using 11 common feed ingredients. The camera was fastened approximately 3.3 ft above the center of the bunk …

Extending Melengestrol Acetate Treatment From Fourteen To Eighteen Days In Beef Heifers, Dempster Christenson, Jordan M. Thomas, Daniel J. Kelly, R. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study compared estrus synchronization, estrus response, and artificial insemination pregnancy rates of beef heifers fed melengestrol acetate the normal 14-day period or extended to an 18-day period using the melengestrol acetate -prostaglandin- heat detect and timed artificial insemination protocol. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if extending melengestrol acetate feeding by 4 days increases the number of heifers ovulating, which would result in greater estrus response and pregnancy rate in the whole herd. Early estrus response following prostaglandin administration occurred in heifers who averaged an earlier estrus response after melegestrol acetate withdrawal but extending the melengestrol …

Assessment Of Trichostrongyles Resistance Against Anthelmintics Commonly Used In Sheep Reared In Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, Mahmoud R. Saleh, Ibrahim Abbas, Moustafa Al-Araby, Salah Abu-Elwafa

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Objective: To investigate, for the first time, the anthelmintic resistance of different trichostrongle-infecting sheep in the Dakahlia governorate, Egypt.

Design: Randomized controlled study.

Animals: 820 sheep were reared within 10 free-grazing herds with infrequent deworming practices.

Procedures: Fresh fecal samples were collected, and their floats were examined for trichostrongyle eggs, which were then identified using fecal cultures and/or ITS2-PCR amplification. Sheep (n=500) whose samples had egg counts ≥ 150 eggs per gram (EPG) of feces were selected and divided in each herd into five equal groups; each group received one of the tested anthelmintics, including albendazole (5 mg/kg BW), levamisole …

First Bovine Vaccine To Prevent Human Schistosomiasis - A Cluster Randomised Phase 3 Clinical Trial, Allen G. Ross, Donald A. Harn, Delia Chy, Marianette Inobaya, Jerric R. Guevarra, Lisa Shollenberger, Yuesheng Li, Donald P. Mcmanus, Darren J. Gray, Gail M. Williams

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma japonicum is zoonotic in China, the Philippines, and Indonesia, with bovines acting as major reservoirs of human infection. The primary objective of the trial was to examine the impact of a combination of human mass chemotherapy, snail control through mollusciciding, and SjCTPI bovine vaccination on the rate of human infection.

Methods

A 5-year phase IIIa cluster randomized control trial was conducted among 18 schistosomiasis-endemic villages comprising 18,221 residents in Northern Samar, The Philippines.

Results

Overall, bovine vaccination resulted in a statistically significant decrease …

Analysis For Prioritizing Risk Status And Sustainable Utilization Of Cattle, Sheep, And Goat Breeds In Türkiye, Mesut Yildirir, Seyrani̇ Koncagül, Yasemi̇n Öner, Ayşe Oya Akin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) are a warranty for future unknown conditions and needs. Due to this fact, sustainable use and conservation of AnGR have special importance, and to achieve reliable programs for these goals, the risk status of AnGR should be estimated accurately. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk status for three widely used domesticated livestock species of cattle, sheep, and goat in animal production: 6 cattle, 33 sheep, and 15 goat breeds were included in the analysis. Extinction probability (z) was taken as a criterion for the risk status of each breed. Data collection based …

Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Commonly Isolated Salmonella Serovars From Chickens, Seyyi̇de Sariçam İnce, Mehmet Akan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella agents is the second most common zoonotic infection in humans. In recent years, Salmonella's increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been a concern. The major transmission route of Salmonella is consumption of contaminated poultry products. Therefore, monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in chicken-originated Salmonella is critically important. This study investigated AMR in four commonly isolated Salmonella serovars from chickens, namely Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), Salmonella Infantis (S. Infantis), Salmonella Kentucky (S. Kentucky), and Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). A total of 133 isolates were examined by phenotypic and genotypic AMR characterization. Resistance to 14 different antimicrobials and eight …

Development And Validation Of A Scale For Measuring Pet Owners' Loyalty To Their Pet*, Seda Çavuş Alan, Abdullah Özen, Nurhan Hali̇sdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Loyalty is a person's willingness to devote oneself to a cause and consists of concepts such as fidelity, not giving up, continuity, and stability. For this reason, this relationship stems from loyalty to be able to talk about a strong attachment between humans and animals. This study aimed to develop a measurement tool for the evaluation of the loyalty levels of people toward their pets. The qualitative method for determining the judgments in the scale will be called the pet loyalty scale; the quantitative methods (explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis) were used to determine the validity and reliability …

Influence Of Temperature-Humidity Index, Calf Sex, And Parity On Gestation Length In Holstein Cows, Lazoumi Ouarfli, Abdelmadjid Chehma

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study aimed to analyse the gestation length (GL) variability in locally born purebred Holstein dams (n = 1047), in a private farm, under Saharan climate. The overall GL mean was 278.73 ± 6.67 days. A general linear model revealed that the GL was significantly affected by calf sex (p = 0.035) with a minor increase of 0.19% in males, dam parity (p = 0.016) and calving season (p < 0.0001) including the shortest lengths recorded in heifers and during heat stress period. Moreover, a negative regression (-1.96%) in recent years was recorded in GL by the influence (p = 0.01) of years of birth, breeding, and calving of cows. Our findings show that cows that were inseminated and gave birth during the cold season (temperature-humidity index, THI < 74) had 11.54 days longer (p = 0.048) gestation period compared to animals that were inseminated and gave birth during the hot season (THI > 84). Similarly, the association (p = 0.003) between dam parity and calf sex revealed that the GL of multiparous cows that gave birth to male calves was higher (3.07 days) …

Genotyping Of The Κ - Casein Gene By Pcr - Rflp (Acui Digestion) And Its Relationship To Milk Yield Traits In Anatolian Buffaloes, Murrah Buffaloes, And Their Crosses, Orhan Karadağ, Vasfi̇ye Kader Esen, Mehmet Aki̇f Yüksel, Mustafa Küçükkebabçi, Semi̇h Sevi̇m, İlkay Çeti̇n, Bi̇nnur Kaptan, Mehmet İhsan Soysal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the κ - casein gene (kappa casein, CSN3) in buffaloes and determine its effects on milk yield traits. Data were obtained from 2016 to 2019 from all animals in the ongoing Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project. Genomic DNA was collected from a total of 209 buffaloes of different ages and sexes, namely 31 Murrah, 46 Anatolian buffaloes, and 132 of their crosses (Murrah × Anatolian). Genotyping of CSN3 gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) technique with restriction enzyme (AcuI) revealed three …

Are The Mandible Shapes Of Common (Paradoxurus Hermaphroditus) And Golden (Paradoxurus Zeylonensis) Palm Civets Different? A Pilot Study, İftar Gürbüz, Yasi̇n Demi̇raslan, Channa Rajapaksha, Devaka K. Weerakoon, Saminda Fernando

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study adult common and golden palm civet mandibles were analysed by geometric morphometric method. For this purpose, the materials were photographed in accordance with the procedure and analysed using computer programs. No allometric component was detected in the comparison of the mandibles. The first principal component defined 28.657% of the total shape variation in the mandibles of the two groups that were analysed with a total of 19 landmarks. The samples were largely separated from each other in the principal component analysis. The shape differences were mostly in the caudal of the mandible. Also, in the common palm …

A Comparative Profile Of Certain Biochemical And Hematological Parameters In Angora And Akkeçi Goats During The Transition Period, Rabi̇a Aktaş, Erkan Pehli̇van

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study investigated the comparative changes in hematological and certain biochemical parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride calcium, phosphorus and total protein during the transition period in Angora and Akkeçi goats aged 2-4 years. For this purpose, blood samples were regularly taken from the vena jugularis of each goat at 3, 2, and 1 weeks before kidding (-3, -2 and -1), on the day of parturition (0) and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after kidding (+1, +2 and +3). According to the statistical analysis results, the differences between the averages of the groups in terms of MCHC, MCH, Lym, THR, …