Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Intricacies Of Cardiac Damage In Coxsackievirus B3 Infection: Implications For Therapy, Chandirasegara Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans, and myocarditis is one predominant cause of heart failure in young adults. Patients affected with myocarditis can develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common reason for heart transplantation, which to date is the only viable option for combatting DCM. Myocarditis/DCM patients show antibodies to coxsackievirus B (CVB)3 and cardiac antigens, suggesting a role for CVB-mediated autoimmunity in the disease pathogenesis; however, a direct causal link remains to be determined clinically. Experimentally, myocarditis can be induced in susceptible strains of mice using the human isolates of CVB3, and the disease pathogenesis of …

Direct Staining With Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Ii Dextramers Permits Detection Of Antigen- Specific, Autoreactive Cd4 T Cells In Situ, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Arunakumar Gangaplara, Ting Jia, Christian Elowsky, Guobin Kang, Jean-Jack Riethoven, Qingsheng Li, You Zhou, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

We report here the utility of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers for in situ detection of self-reactive CD4 T cells in two target organs, the brain and heart. We optimized the conditions for in situ detection of antigen-specific CD4 T cells using brain sections obtained from SJL mice immunized with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) 139–151; the sections were costained with IA^s/PLP 139–151 (specific) or Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) 70–86 (control) dextramers and anti-CD4. Analysis of sections by laser scanning confocal microscope revealed detection of cells positive for PLP 139–151 but not for TMEV 70–86 dextramers …

Influence Of Iron And Aeration On Staphylococcus Aureus Growth, Metabolism, And Transcription, Nagender Ledala, Bo Zhang, Javier Seravalli, Robert Powers, Greg Somerville

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of biomaterial-associated infections. The success of S. aureus as a pathogen is due in part to its ability to adapt to stressful environments. As an example, the transition from residing in the nares to residing in the blood or deeper tissues is accompanied by changes in the availability of nutrients and elements such as oxygen and iron. As such, nutrients, oxygen, and iron are important determinants of virulence factor synthesis in S. aureus. In addition to influencing virulence factor synthesis, oxygen and iron are critical cofactors in enzymatic and …

Varestrongylus Eleguneniensis Sp. N. (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae): A Widespread, Multi-Host Lungworm Of Wild North American Ungulates, With An Emended Diagnosis For The Genus And Explorations Of Biogeography, Guilherme G. Verocai, Susan J. Kutz, Manon Simard, Eric P. Hoberg

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Background: A putative new species of Varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild North American ungulates based on the ITS-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. No taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined. Methods: Lungworm specimens were collected in the terminal bronchioles of muskoxen from Quebec, and a woodland caribou from central Alberta, Canada. The L3 stage was recovered from experimentally infected slugs (Deroceras spp.). Description of specimens was based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identity was determined by PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of …

Tick-Bourne Pathogens Of Potential Zoonotic Importance In The Southern African Region, Simbarashe Chitanga, Holly Gaff, Samson Mukaratirwa

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The aim of this communication is to provide preliminary information on the tick-borne pathogens of potential zoonotic importance present in southern Africa, mainly focusing on their geographical distribution and host range, and to identify research gaps. The following tick-borne zoonoses have been reported to occur in southern Africa based mainly on case reports: Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus; ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum; babesiosis caused by Babesia microti; relapsing fever caused by Borrelia duttonii and rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia conorii. The …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2014), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the 2013 SDSU Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report

[Page] 2 The World’s First: Collaborative Effort Produces Multi-Hybrid Planter To Advance Precision Ag
[Page] 4 70 Years Of Data: Ranchers Benefit From Long-Term Grazing Studies
[Page] 6 Better Beef: Fetal Programming Study Analyzes Effects Of Cow Nutrition On Meat Quality
[Page] 7 Winter College News
[Page] 8 Consumer Sciences, Animal Health, Livestock Marketing: Important Research Continues In These Areas
[Page] 10 Improving Human Health: Role Of Nondigestible Fiber, Antioxidants Studied To Prevent Disease
[Page] 11 Food Safety Focus: Targeting Heat-Resistant Microbes To Improve Dairy Products
[Page] 12 Engineering …

Evaluation Of Ovsynch Protocols For Timed Artificial Insemination In Water Buffaloes In Bangladesh, Md Nazmul Hoque, Anup Kumar Talukder, Masuma Akter, Mohammed Shamsuddin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A total of 65 water buffaloes (groups A, B, and C) at =>60 days postpartum with a body condition score (BCS) of =>2.5 were selected to evaluate ovsynch protocols for timed artificial insemination (TAI). The group A buffaloes (n = 25) were treated with a simple ovsynch protocol (GnRH - Day 7 - PGF2 alpha - Day 2 - GnRH -16 h - TAI). The group B buffaloes (n = 22) received PGF2 alpha treatment 12 days before the initiation of simple ovsynch (PGF2 alpha at Day -12 + simple ovsynch; modified ovsynch). The group C buffaloes (n …

Activity Of 3\Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Associated With Progesterone Production In Bovine Granulosa Cells Cultured Under Different Concentrations Of Serum, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, And Gonadotropin, Özkan Şi̇mşek, Monika Mihm

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Three-\beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3\beta-HSD) is the enzyme responsible for progesterone production. This study aimed to determine whether 3\beta-HSD activity can be shown to reflect progesterone production by granulosa cells cultured under different serum conditions and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. Large bovine follicles were dissected from abattoir ovaries to recover granulosa cells. Cells were washed, stained for viability, and plated for 48 h in basic medium with or without 5% foetal calf serum (FCS). Subsequently, cells were exposed to FSH (1 ng/mL), LH (10 or 100 ng/mL), or FSH (1 ng/mL) + …

Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity In Polymicrobial Sepsis, Liliang Jin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Severe bacterial sepsis leads to a pro-inflammatory condition that can manifest as septic shock, multiple organ failure, and death. Neutrophils are critical for the rapid elimination of bacteria, however, the role of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)- NLR protein 3 (NLRP3) and alcohol in bacterial clearance during sepsis remains elusive. We demonstrate that CXCL1 plays a pivotal role in mediating host defense to polymicrobial sepsis following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in gene-deficient mice. CXCL1 appears to be essential for restricting bacterial outgrowth and preventing multiple organ failure and death in mice. Moreover, CXCL1 is essential for neutrophil …

The Role Of Viral Glycoproteins And Tegument Proteins In Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment, Dmitry Vladimirovich Chouljenko

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous neurotropic alphaherpesvirus transmitted by contact with mucocutaneous surfaces of infected individuals. HSV-1 enters the host by fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, followed by translocation of the viral capsids to the nucleus where viral DNA is injected into the host cell nucleus to initiate viral replication. To generate infectious virions, newly assembled capsids travel to the cytoplasm and undergo a process called secondary envelopment by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic envelopment is a complex process involving interactions between a multitude of …

North American Lyme Borreliae: New Distributions And An Insight Into Borrelia Bissettii Infection, Immune Response And Transmission In A Murine Model, Brian Francis Leydet Jr

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Lyme borreliosis is an emergent threat to human health. It is estimated that 300,000 cases of Lyme disease are diagnosed annually in the United States. In recent years, non-traditional areas are starting to report more and more cases. While much research has gone into the tick and bacteria responsible for the disease, frequently new Borrelia species are being described and implicated in human illness. These species often go unstudied, and their threat to human health is not known. In the hopes of closing knowledge gaps on Lyme borreliosis in the US, we surveyed a non-endemic state, Louisiana, for Lyme Borrelia …

Outer Surface Lipoprotein Layer Homeostasis And Gene Regulation In Borrelia Burgdorferi, Poonam Dadhwal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The outer surface lipoprotein (osp) layer forms an interface between the internal and the external environment of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. The homeostatic maintenance of the osp layer effectuates adaptation of B. burgdorferi as it gets transmitted from the tick vector to a mammalian host and vice-versa. However, the regulation of the outer surface lipoproteins (osps) is still a conundrum for borrelia scientists. Part of this dissertation inquires about the homeostatic maintenance of the osp layer. We found that the deletion of the dominantly expressed tick phase osp, OspA, induces expression of two other osps. OspD, and BBJ41. …

Genetics And Functions Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Membrane Proteins Ul20/Gk In Virion Envelopment And Entry, Anu Susan Charles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The envelopment and egress of the Herpes Simplex Virus is an important event in the life cycle of the virus. The important membrane proteins required for the envelopment and egress of the virus are glycoproteins gM, gK, gE and non-glycosylated membrane proteins UL20p and UL11. Among them one of the most critical protein is the UL20 protein which has four transmembrane domains with amino and carboxyl termini are predicted to lie within the cytoplasmic side of cellular membranes. Studies done in our laboratory have shown that deletion of UL20 or other lethal mutations have an adverse effect on envelopment and …

Comparison Of Immune Responses During Gastrointestinal Helminth Self-Cure Expulsion Between Resistant Gulf Coast Native And Susceptible Suffolk Sheep, Javier Jesus Garza

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The immune response to the self-cure phenomenon seen during gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism of small ruminants was compared between sheep breeds that are resistant or susceptible to Haemonchus contortus infection. Fifty-four Gulf Coast Native (resistant) and Suffolk (susceptible) lambs were allowed to acquire a natural GIN infection on pasture and were then randomly allocated into 4 groups. After being moved to parasite free housing for 2 months, lambs were given a challenge infection of 20,000 H. contortus L3. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were monitored throughout the study and animals were necropsied at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days post infection …

A Retrospective Study Of Cardiac Hemangiosarcoma In Dogs, Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak, Marcin Nowak, Urszula Paslawska, Alicja Cepiel, Adrian Janiszewski, Maciej Staszczyk, Jozef Nicpon

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Cardiac tumors account for a small proportion of all canine tumors, but hemangiosarcoma represents the most frequent cardiac tumor in many species. Hemangiosarcoma occur intrapericardially with pericardial effusion. In this case report, a retrospective study was conducted on 9 cases of canine hemangiosarcoma. In all the dogs the presence of a pericardial exudate was noted and in 5 cases it was the only lesion detected during the examination. All animals were subjected to necropsy and histopathology was performed in the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, and lung. In 5 cases the tumor was present exclusively in the atrial wall. In 4 …

Fatty Acid Profile In 4 Types Of Fat Depots In Polish Holstein-Friesian And Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian Bulls, Monika Sobczuk-Szul, Zenon Nogalski, Zofia Wielgosz-Groth, Magdalena Mochol, Arkadiusz Rzemieniewski, Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybylek, Cezary Purwin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profile in 4 types of fat deposits in Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) and Limousine × Polish Holstein-Friesian (LM × PHF) bulls. The experimental materials included samples of intramuscular, intermuscular, subcutaneous, and internal fat collected from the carcasses of 28 PHF bulls and 26 LM × PHF bulls. Determined fatty acids (FAs) were divided into saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated (UFAs) FAs, including monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) FAs. The UFA/SFA, MUFA/SFA, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratios were calculated. Internal fat was characterized by the highest SFA concentrations, and subcutaneous fat …

Polymorphism Of The Ovine Calpastatin Gene In Some Turkish Sheep Breeds, Onur Yilmaz, Tamer Sezenler, Nezi̇h Ata, Yalçin Yaman, İbrahi̇m Cemal, Orhan Karaca

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The calpastatin (CAST) gene has a major effect on muscle growth and meat tenderness after slaughter; it is located on the fifth chromosome in sheep. Blood samples were collected from 720 animals in total from Kıvırcık (KIV), Sakız (SZ), Karacabey Merino (KM), and Gökçeada (GA) sheep populations raised in West Anatolia. The PCR products were digested by the restriction endonuclease MspI. Allele frequencies for M and N alleles of the gene were found to be 0.85 and 0.15 in KIV, 0.80 and 0.20 in KM, 0.99 and 0.01 in GA, and 0.34 and 0.66 in SZ sheep, respectively. It was …

Immunohistochemical Localization Of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Enzyme And Its Gene Expression By Rt-Pcr In The Liver Tissue Of Healthy And Diabetic Mice, Turgay Deprem, Nurhayat Gülmez

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study is to examine the gene expression level of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) in the liver of healthy and diabetic mice, its localization in the tissue, and structural changes in the liver. In this study, 36 Swiss albino mice were divided into 3 groups: experimental (diabetic) (n = 15), sham (n = 15), and control (n = 6). Streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to mice in the experimental group. While the gene expression level of GPx1 was determined using the RT-PCR method, its localization in the liver was determined using an immunohistochemical method. The GPx1 …

Effect Of Gamma Irradiation On Inactivation Of Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis Trophonts And Its Efficacy On Host Response In Experimentally Immunized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Marzieh Heidarieh, Maryam Hedayati Rad, Ali Reza Mirvaghefi, Adama Diallo, Shalaleh Mousavi, Najmeh Sheikhzadeh, Amir Ali Shahbazfar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts and to determine the effects of exposure on inactivated parasites in rainbow trout. In the first trial, fish were treated with irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts for 21 days. Results showed that irradiation at doses of 150 Gy and higher was required to inactivate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts. The LD50 value obtained was 52.2 Gy. In the second trial, the effects of irradiated Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts on physiological and biochemical components of blood and mucus, as well as skin morphology, were studied for 30 days. Results …

Response Of 2 Breeds Of Broiler Chicks To Experimental Infection With Low Dose Of Eimeria Tenella Sporulated Oocysts, Isa Danladi Jatau, Augustine Nnamadi Odika, Mathew Thlama, Ahmad Muhammad Talba, Muhammed Bisalla, Ibrahim Waziri Musa

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study evaluated the effect of low-grade Eimeria tenella infections in broiler chicks of Cobb (C) and Marshal (M) breeds. Birds from the experimental group of each breed were orally infected with 3000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella and examined for weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (WBC), total plasma protein (TP), gross lesion scores, and histopathological changes 10 days after infection. There were 31.7% and 15.7% reductions in the mean weight gain of experimental groups of C and M, respectively, compared to their controls; this was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in C but not (P > 0.05) in M. …