Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

Social And Structural Determinants Of Health As Predictors Of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Older Adults In The United States, Kingsley Kalu

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Background: Although vaccination is one of the greatest accomplishments in public health, some people, especially older adults, are reluctant to take vaccines. This study examined the association between the social and structural determinants of health and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults in the United States.

Methods: Secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was used. The HRS participants were 65 years and older, and the sample size was 2311. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression models were conducted for this study.

Results: The study shows that social determinants of health (marital status, educational level) and structural determinants of health …

Reflecting On Partnerships Established And Sustained Over Four Cycles Of A Federally Funded Cancer Prevention And Control Research Program: Lessons Learned For Community-Academic Networks, Swann Arp Adams, Lauren Workman Ph.D., Mayank Sakhuja, Brooks Yelton Ma, Lmsw, Karen E. Wickersham Phd, Rn, Ciaran Fairman, Jan Eberth Ph.D., Sue Heiney Scd, James Hébert Scd, Freda Allyson Hucek, Lauren Schaurer, Daniela B. Friedman Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) is a national network which aims to accelerate the adoption and implementation of evidence-based cancer prevention and control strategies and interventions in communities, enhance large-scale efforts to reach underserved populations and reduce their cancer-related health disparities, and develop the capacity of the dissemination and implementation work force specifically in cancer prevention and control. Methods: Our site has been a part of the CPCRN since its inception in 2002 with the exception of the 2004–2009 funding cycle. As community-based participatory research is a core …

“Courtesy, Respect, And Follow Through”: A Mixed Methods Evaluation Of Faculty Members’ Experiences, Needs, And Approaches To Research Collaborations, Daniela B. Friedman Ph.D., Christina Ek, Jean Neils-Strunjas Ph.D, Ccc-Slp, Andrea Tanner Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Lorie Donelle, Sue E. Levkoff, Freda Allyson Hucek, Brooks Yelton Ma, Lmsw, Dwayne E. Porter

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Guided by a communications-focused framework developed by an interdisciplinary team of authors, this paper presents data from a survey of health science faculty members to better understand how research collaborations are established and maintained. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to faculty in six colleges at a Research 1 institution. Quantitative data were downloaded into Excel and then RStudio for descriptive analysis. Open-ended, qualitative responses were coded and analyzed for themes. Results: Most respondents were in public health (44.0%) or medicine (25.3%); 40.0% were tenured. A grant deadline was the main impetus reported for initiating research collaborations (86.1%). Most …

Estimating Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Older Adults Using The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Kelsey R. Sewell, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Shaun J. Markovic, Belinda M. Brown

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction:

Non-exercise estimates of cardiorespiratory fitness hold great utility for epidemiological research and clinical practice. Older adults may yield the greatest benefit from fitness estimates due to limited capacity to undergo strenuous maximal exercise testing, however, few of the previously developed non-exercise equations are suitable for use in older adults. Thus, the current study developed a non-exercise equation for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults derived from the widely used International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Methods:

This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Participants were community-dwelling, cognitively unimpaired older adults aged 60–80 years …

A Case Study In Program Evaluation, Sydney Wilcoxson

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Evaluation is a critical component of a successful evidence-based health promotion program or intervention. In public health, evaluations ensure that interventions are achieving their intended objectives, provide feedback on program strengths and weaknesses, and serve as a mechanism of accountability and transparency to stakeholders so that they know their invested resources are being utilized in the most efficient manner. Without evaluation, it would be much more difficult to understand how well the intervention is working, and communication between stakeholders would be significantly affected.

A recently confirmed Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak on a Fayette County Public Schools (FCPS) high school …

Optimizing The Community Health Worker (Chw) Program In Belize And Understanding Its Unique Intermediary Position Within The Health System: Perspective From The World Health Organization (Who) Health Systems Approach, Andrei R. Chell

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Human resources for health (HRH) are the backbone of a well-functioning and resilient health system. Issues related to HRH recruitment, retention, planning, leadership and governance have been amplified by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and have posed additional and unprecedented challenges in many countries. Community health workers (CHWs) in particular, are uniquely positioned to be frontline health care workers (HCWs) that are considered a vital link between communities and the formal health system. Globally, the benefits of CHW programs have been well documented, and there is substantial evidence of the efficacy and effectiveness of these programs. However, countries are …

Improving Patient Self-Advocacy And Communication With Providers Through Diabetes Self-Management Education: Analyses From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Brenna Owens Kirk

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: West Virginia (WV), a rural state in Appalachia, has the highest type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence in the United States. Open communication in the patient-provider relationship is an integral part of comprehensive chronic disease management. This is especially true for patients living with T2DM, a disease that requires many complex, daily self-management activities and is associated with increased emotional distress. However, patients living with T2DM are often reluctant to openly share their concerns regarding self-care with their provider. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of the Diabetes and Hypertension Self-Management Program (DHSMP), a 12-week group lifestyle …

Factors Associated With Reproductive Health Knowledge Among Vocational School Students In Padang, Wilda Tri Yuliza, Meti Yanti, Alkafi Alkafi, Gusni Rahma

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2022 reported that 35.3 persen of women and 31.2 persen of men aged 15-19 have limited or no awareness of reproductive health. The rise of vocational students who are often caught in raids with several cases including sexual deviations is a fatal impact of the lack of reproductive health knowledge on adolescence. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors associated with reproductive health knowledge among vocational students in Padang City. A cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted in July-September 2023 among 538 students at SMK in Padang, …

Assessing And Addressing The Determinants Of Appalachian Population Health: A Scoping Review, David L. Driscoll, Hannah O'Donnell, Maitri Patel, David C. Cattell-Gordon

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Residents of Appalachia experience elevated rates of morbidity and mortality compared to national averages, and these disparities are associated with inequitable exposures to various determinants of population health. Social and environmental determinants of health are a useful lens through which to develop and evaluate programs to mitigate regional health disparities.

Methods: This 2023 scoping review was conducted of studies linking determinants of Appalachian health with leading causes of regional mortality and morbidity. The search strategy employed a keyword search that included geographic terms for the Appalachian Region and the primary adverse health outcomes in that region. Studies meeting the …

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales—Kentucky, 2013–2020: Challenges And Successes, Mary Issac, Andrea Flinchum, Kevin Spicer

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are considered urgent, antibiotic-resistant threats in the U.S. and are of global concern. Active collaboration between public health authorities and healthcare facilities and providers will be necessary to prevent and contain these organisms.

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of CRE in Kentucky and to discuss challenges and successes with building and sustaining an effective prevention and containment program.

Methods: Retrospective descriptive summary of CRE isolates reported by healthcare providers, facilities, and laboratories in Kentucky from 2013 through 2020. Data available from case reporting forms and laboratory testing are summarized.

Results: From 2013 through 2020, 1805 CRE …

Review Of: Coal, Cages, Crisis: The Rise Of The Prison Economy In Central Appalachia, Ted Olson Phd

Journal of Appalachian Health

Ted Olson, PhD, is a professor of both Appalachian Studies and Bluegrass, Old-Time and Roots Music Studies at East Tennessee State University. In this piece, he reviews Professor Judah Schept's Coal, Cages, Crisis: The Rise of the Prison Economy in Central Appalachia and discusses the impacts of incarceration on the health of Appalachia and on its residents more broadly.

Factors Associated With Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy In South Central Appalachia, Florence M. Weierbach, Rebecca Adkins Fletcher, Ingrid E. Luffman, Cynthia Meyer, Janet M. Keener, Manik Ahuja, Hadii M. Mamudu

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: The newly emergent COVID-19 virus reached pandemic levels in March 2020. By the middle of August 2020, there were over 1 million deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the U.S., with those in rural areas outpacing urban counterparts. Prior to emergency approval of the Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccine formulations, mitigation efforts addressing individual behavior were challenging. However, even with the entrance of these three new vaccines, herd immunity was not achieved in rural areas, as vaccine uptake remained low there. Although there has since been an abundance of COVID-19-related research addressing health literacy, vaccine hesitancy and overall …

Changes In Perceptions Of First Responders After Witnessing A Drug Overdose: Individual And Contextual Variations Among People Who Use Opioids In West Virginia, Kathleen L. Egan, Kelly Gurka, Alexandria Macmadu, Herb Linn

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Success of opioid overdose interventions involving first responders is dependent on the comfort level that bystanders have with first responders and their willingness to call for assistance. Positive or negative experiences with first responders following witnessing an overdose may influence a person’s willingness to call a first responder for assistance in the future.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine changes in bystanders’ perceptions of first responders following witnessing an overdose attended by emergency medical services or a law enforcement official. It specifically explored perception changes among a sample of individuals residing in Appalachia who use prescription …

Disparities In Mortality Between Appalachian And Non-Appalachian Regions Of Kentucky, Sonali S. Salunkhe, Sahal Alzahrani, Beatrice Ugiliweneza

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: In the opioid epidemic, the U.S. faces a significant public health crisis, with some areas of the country, such as rural and Appalachian regions, suffering more than others. The differential regional impact of the crisis in Kentucky—a state with both non-metropolitan/metropolitan and Appalachian/Non-Appalachian statuses—has not yet been documented despite such knowledge being essential to the success of overdose prevention efforts.

Purpose: This study compares all-cause, drug- and opioid-related mortality between counties in different regions of Kentucky: Appalachian non-metropolitan, Appalachian metropolitan, non-Appalachian non-metropolitan, and non-Appalachian metropolitan.

Methods: Age-adjusted mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-ranging Online …

Situation Analysis Of Health Problems In Depok City In 2021, Murti Utami Putri, Asri C. Adisasmita, Hidayat Nuh Ghazali Djajuli

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Based on 2021 data, from the results of problem identification, 16 health problems in Depok City were assessed. Maternal mortality was selected as a priority problem with 65 cases of maternal death or 155.58 per 100,000 live births. COVID-19 infection is the most common cause of maternal death. This study aims to provide an overview of maternal death circumstances in Depok because of prioritization following situation analysis of health problems. This situation analysis was conducted in Depok with a quantitative and qualitative approach analyzed using the PAHO-adapted Hanlon involving the participation of 17 respondents from the Health Office and the …

Epidemiologi Difteri Di Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022: Distribusi Kasus, Tingkat Keparahan Gejala, Riwayat Imunisasi Dan Risiko Kematian, Sekar Astrika Fardani, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Difteri menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kematian anak dan dewasa pada era pre-vaksin. Insiden difteri secara global kembali meningkat pada beberapa tahun terakhir dengan case fatality rate (CFR) mencapai 10%. Manusia tidak memiliki kekebalan alami terhadap difteri, sehingga pemberian imunisasi sangat penting untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap infeksi difteri, mengurangi tingkat keparahan dan risiko kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran distribusi kasus, tingkat keparahan gejala, riwayat imunisasi difteri dan risiko kematian pada penderita difteri di Indonesia tahun 2020 s.d 2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain studi cross-sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder laporan kasus difteri nasional tahun 2020 s.d 2022. Dari 563 responden, …

Trend Epidemiologi Kematian Jemaah Haji Indonesia Tahun 2017-2023, Nooridha Febriyanti, Asri C. Adisasmita

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Ibadah haji adalah ibadah wajib bagi umat islam yang mampu secara finansial, mental dan fisik. Dalam pelaksanaan ibadah haji, terjadi kumpulan massa yang sangat masif sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan kematian pada jemaah haji akibat beberapa faktor, diantaranya faktor kesehatan, kepadatan, dan cuaca panas. Angka kematian jemaah haji Indonesia masih dinilai tinggi yaitu mencapai 200 kematian diantara 100.000 jemaah haji yang berangkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kematian jemaah haji Indonesia berdasarkan variabel orang, waktu dan tempat. Studi ini dilakukan dengan desain case series yang dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan data sekunder pelayanan kesehatan haji melalui Sistem Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu Bidang Kesehatan (Siskohatkes) …

Hubungan Tingkat Kebisingan Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Penduduk Di Sekitar Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma Tahun 2023, Neva Azzahra, Fajaria Nurcandra

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Pada tahun 2021, terdapat 252,553 penderita hipertensi di Jakarta Timur. Salah satu faktor penyebab hipertensi adalah kebisingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara kebisingan dengan tekanan darah penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar Bandara Halim Perdanakusuma. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mei 2023 dengan menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yaitu 86 responden dengan teknik sampling random walk. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah sound level meter dan tensimeter digital. Kuesioner yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu IPAQ untuk aktivitas fisik dan Recall 24 jam untuk konsumsi lemak. Pada analisis bivariat dan multivariat menggunakan uji cox regresi. Dari …

Gambaran Faktor Risiko Pasien Hiv Dengan Tuberkulosis Di Rsud Kota Bogor, Leni Haryani, Nur Rizky Ramadhani, Rizky Fajar Meirawan, Bram Burmanajaya

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Tuberkulosis merupakan infeksi opportunistik yang mematikan. WHO melaporkan bahwa TB menjadi penyebab kematian 187.000 pasien HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko pasien HIV yang menderita TB berdasarkan karakteristik demografi, stadium klinis HIV, status sosial ekonomi dan faktor risiko HIV/AIDS di RSUD Kota Bogor tahun 2016-2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain studi cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan cara purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 60 responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jumlah pasien HIV TB (+) periode 2016-2021 di RSUD Kota Bogor sebagian besar berusia < 35 Tahun (73,7%), berjenis kelamin laki laki (90,2%), belum menikah (82,8%) tingkat pendidikan tinggi (71,7%), status tidak bekerja (80%), berada pada stadium klinis 3 dan 4 (82,6%) dan memiliki status sosial ekonomi kurang mampu (81,6%) serta faktor risiko perilaku seksual (72,4%). Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa terdapat tiga karakteristik yang dapat menyebabkan perbedaan status infeksi TB pada pasien HIV yaitu jenis kelamin dengan p value

Faktor Determinan Hipertensi Pada Jemaah Haji Usia Lebih Dari 40 Tahun Di Provinsi Dki Jakarta Tahun 2022, Danny Danny, Mondastri Korib Sudaryo

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Di seluruh dunia, hipertensi adalah penyakit tidak menular paling umum yang menyebabkan kematian. Hipertensi menjadi penyakit yang mendominasi pada jemaah haji Indonesia dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat. Jemaah haji merupakan populasi khusus yang cukup rentan karena ibadah haji membutuhkan kemampuan fisik dan mental yang baik sehingga penyelenggaraan kesehatan haji menjadi tugas penting bagi pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan kejadian hipertensi pada jemaah haji usia lebih dari 40 tahun di provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan sampel sebanyak 3.339 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari pemeriksaan kesehatan tahap 2 jemaah …