Public Health Education and Promotion Commons^™

Smoking Habit At Home And Upper Respiratory Infection In Infants Aged 6-12 Months, Musfardi Rustam, Nur Pelita Sembiring, Taswir Effendy

Kesmas

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) is an acute infection caused by viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Smoking habit at home is a risk factor for URI in infants. This study aimed to determine a relationship between smoking at home and the incidence of URI in infants. This study was conducted the fourth week of February 2010 until the third week of April 2010 in Kampar District, Indonesia. This analytical study used a case-control design and cluster random sampling. The samples comprised 162 cases and 162 controls, infants aged 6-12 months. The cases were 162 infants aged 6-12 months suffering from URI …

Passive Smoking And Its Correlation With Stunting In Children: A Systematic Review, Anita Rahmiwati, Karlinda Karlinda, Hamzah Hasyim, Febriyansyah Febriyansyah

Kesmas

Passive smoking is a significant risk factor for stunting in children, highlighting the urgent need for effective public health measures. This study aimed to investigate the association between passive smoking and stunting in children aged 0 months-7 years. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple online databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Sage Journal, Cambridge University Press, and Oxford Academic. The quality of included articles reporting observational studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) checklist, presenting data through narrative synthesis. Findings …

Addressing The Impact Of Physician Burnout On Healthcare Delivery, Hannah Gutjahr

SIU Journal of Medical Science Scholarly Works

Physician burnout has emerged as a critical issue within the healthcare industry, significantly affecting the delivery of care. This paper comprehensively reviews the existing literature on physician burnout and its impact on healthcare delivery. This study aims to shed light on the multifaceted consequences of burnout and highlight its implications for healthcare organizations, healthcare professionals, and patient outcomes. The review reveals that physician burnout has profound effects on healthcare delivery. It leads to decreased job satisfaction, higher turnover rates, and workforce shortages, resulting in inefficiencies and disruptions in healthcare organizations. Burnout also contributes to diminished productivity, increased medical errors, and …

Development And Validity Of The 'Modified Mediterranean Prime Screen' To Assess Dietary Intake Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Lebanon, Mariam Assaad, Sara Ajjour, Maya Rahme, Laila Al-Shaar, May Sakr, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, Jana Jabbour

Faculty Publications

The Mediterranean Region registers an increasing prevalence of obesity. The region lacks a diet screener to assess obesogenic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the Modified Mediterranean Prime Screen (MMPS) in estimating obesogenic nutrients' intake among women of reproductive age, as compared with a culturally validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), in Lebanon. We developed the MMPS consisting of thirty-two food/beverage items specific to the Lebanese Mediterranean culture. The MMPS and FFQ were administered in two visits (2 weeks-6 months apart), face to face and via telephone during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The reproducibility and …

Framing The Path To Fitness: Age Differences In Response To Framed Exercise Messages, Iliya Sherif, David B. Taullahu, Alyssa R. Minton, Joseph A. Mikels

DePaul Discoveries

Physical activity is one of the most protective health behaviors one can engage in, yet 75% of active adults in the US, meaning those who exercise regularly, fall short of the recommended levels of physical activity, with an even greater percentage of older adults living inactive lives, meaning they exercise minimally and engage in prolonged sedentary behavior (CDC, 2019). The goal of the current study was to explore different types of message framing targeted at encouraging older and younger adults to exercise. We recruited older adults (n = 184; Mage = 69.45 years, age range: 65- 80 years) and younger …

Community-Level Factors And Their Associations With Changing Opioid Overdose Fatality Rates In Kentucky, 2019–2021, Shawn R. Nigam, Philip M. Westgate, Svetla Slavova, Rachel Vickers-Smith, Katherine L. Thompson

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Kentucky has one of the highest opioid overdose fatality rates in the United States, which has increased significantly from 2019 to 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused lasting effects on mental health and health care, which have been linked with increased opioid overdose. These effects are exacerbated in Appalachian regions, where there is a lack of sufficient access to community pharmacies and adequate health care.

Purpose: In this study, we characterize changes in opioid overdose fatality rates in Kentucky from 2019 to 2021, with a specific focus on changes in Appalachian vs non-Appalachian counties. We aim to identify associations …

Hampton's Hump- A Rare Radiographic Finding In Pulmonary Embolism, Tanshi Anand

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background- Pulmonary embolism is a condition that is characterized by occlusion of the pulmonary circulation, usually originating from deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. This condition is difficult to diagnose as it can present with a wide spectrum of nonspecific symptoms, making it a life-threatening illness.

Case Description- A 50-year-old man with a medical history of deep vein thrombosis, ischemic heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension, and COPD presented with fever, cough with expectoration, orthopnea, and exertional dyspnea. A routine X-ray was done and revealed Hampton’s hump, a rare radiographic finding persistent with possible …

Associations Between Covid-19 Therapies And Outcomes In Rural And Urban America: A Multisite, Temporal Analysis From The Alpha To Omicron Sars-Cov-2 Variants, A. Jerrod Anzalone, William H. Beasley, Kimberly Murray, William B. Hillegass, Makayla Schissel, Michael T. Vest, Scott A. Chapman, Ronald Horswell, Lucio Miele, J. Zachary Porterfield, H. Timothy Bunnell, Bradley S. Price, Sharon Patrick, Clifford J. Rosen, Susan L. Santangelo, James C. Mcclay, Sally L. Hodder

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: To investigate the enduring disparities in adverse COVID-19 events between urban and rural communities in the United States, focusing on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and therapeutic advances on patient outcomes. Methods: Using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data from 2021 to 2023, this retrospective cohort study examined COVID-19 hospitalization, inpatient death, and other adverse events. Populations were categorized into urban, urban-adjacent rural (UAR), and nonurban-adjacent rural (NAR). Adjustments included demographics, variant-dominant waves, comorbidities, region, and SARS-CoV-2 treatment and vaccination. Statistical methods included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, multivariable logistic, and Cox regression. Findings: The study included 3,018,646 patients, with rural …

Which Types Of People Were Least Likely To Get The Covid-19 Vaccine?, Xue Zhang, Shannon M. Monnat

Population Health Research Brief Series

Vaccine hesitancy is a long-standing challenge that worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the reasons behind different types of vaccine hesitancy is crucial for developing effective vaccine messaging strategies that can increase confidence in and uptake of future vaccines. This brief summarizes the findings from a study that used data from the 2022 National Wellbeing Survey on 7,612 U.S. adults aged 18-64 to identify characteristics of adults who were least likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine and the characteristics associated with different types of vaccine hesitancy. The authors considered three non-mutually exclusive types of vaccine hesitancy: 1) watchful (concerned about …

Strengthening Linkages Between Health Care And Public Health: A Novel Framework For Public Health Action In Health Care Settings To Improve Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Candice Fryda, Liz Gebhart-Morgan, Mindy Anderson-Knott, Nicole Roseberry, Jamie Hahn, Kelli Niemeier, Jennifer Rutt, Debra Miller

UNL Office of Research and Innovation, Social/Behavioral Sciences Research Consortium

The Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Program (CDPCP) at the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services developed a novel public health framework and tools to translate public health knowledge, grant work, and terminology to a health care audience in order to inform clinical practice changes in the management of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. The CDPCP piloted the tools with 2 accountable care organizations that included 19 clinics and then funded 9 independent clinics. The project sought to empower clinics to design and implement interventions for reducing high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol focused on populations disproportionately at risk for …

Social-Ecological Determinants Of Affective States Among College Students: A Cross-Cultural Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Abhishek Aggarwal

Theses and Dissertations

Background: College students experience a complex and diverse array of stressors during their college life, making them vulnerable to severe mental health issues. Momentary affective states are linked to major mental health disorders and overall well-being; however, the current social-ecological model of affect lacks a temporal dimension, failing to account for within-person dynamics of affective states over time. This study disentangles the complex temporal dynamics among the momentary, multilevel social-ecological factors and affective states in the real-world setting of college students across the United States (US) and India. However, establishing invariance of the affect model across time, people, and cultures …

Interventions With A Clear Focus On Achieving Behaviour Change Are Important For Maintaining Training-Related Gains In People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review, Sarah Hug, Vinicius Cavalheri, Hollie Lawson-Smith, Daniel F. Gucciardi, Kylie Hill

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Questions: In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who complete an exercise training program (ETP) offered at a sufficient dose to result in training-related gains, to what extent are these gains maintained 12 months after program completion? Do variables such as the application of behaviour change techniques moderate the maintenance of these training-related gains? Design: Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials. Participants: People with stable COPD. Intervention: Trials were included if they applied ≥ 4 weeks of a whole-body ETP and reported outcome data immediately following program completion and 12 months after initial program completion. The …

A Process Evaluation Of Utah’S Food Security Council, Palak Gupta, Heidi Leblanc

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

Utah’s Food Security Council (FSC) brings together diverse stakeholders to address food security across the state. As FSC concluded its inaugural year of work, a process evaluation assessed its progress. Findings will inform FSC’s future strategic improvements, partnerships, and community outreach activities.

What Are The Psychosocial Effects Of Service Dogs On Handlers With Disabilities, Kylie Kline

University Honors Theses

This study looks to explore the psychosocial effects that service dogs have on handlers with disabilities. A cross-sectional survey designed to gather information about this directly from service dog handlers was administered to a sample of 20 participants. Then, a qualitative analysis was conducted on data from the survey using an inductive coding scheme that identified themes in the data as key terms and ideas emerged.

Results revealed many nuances surrounding service dogs' effects on handlers' psychosocial health. Notable results include: 20 of 20 participants (100%) reporting their service dogs have had positive impacts on their quality of life; 19 …

Understanding Differential Reductions In Undernutrition Among Districts In Rwanda Through The Perspectives Of Mid-Level And Community Actors On Policy Commitment And Policy Coherence, Elyse Iruhiriye, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Deanna K. Olney, Emmanuel Niyongira, Simeon Nanama, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Eugene Rwibasira, Paul Mbonyi

Faculty Publications

Understanding the drivers of improvements in child undernutrition at only the national level can mask subnational differences. This paper aimed to understand the contributions of factors in the enabling environment to observed differences in stunting reduction between districts in Rwanda. In 2017, we conducted 58 semi-structured interviews with mid-level actors (n = 38) and frontline workers (n = 20) implementing Rwanda's multi-sectoral nutrition policy in five districts in which stunting decreased (reduced districts) and five where it increased or stagnated (non-reduced districts) based on Rwanda's 2010 and 2014/15 Demographic and Health Surveys. Mid-level actors are government officials and service providers …

An Examination Of Self-Identity In Relation To Smoking And Vaping In South Carolina, Jaron Hoani King

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND

This dissertation examines self-identity in the context of smoking and vaping among adults in South Carolina (SC) using data from the 2023 SC Adult Tobacco Survey (n=1370). The conceptual model created to guide this dissertation is called the “Smoker and Vaper Behavior-Identity Model” and draws constructs from theoretical frameworks in health behavior and social identity theories. Behavior was defined as lifetime and past 30 day cigarette or e-cigarette use. Self-identity was defined by asking respondents with a history of cigarette or e-cigarette use “Do you consider yourself a smoker/vaper”, respectively.

METHODS

First, this study assesses the prevalence of mismatching …

Association Of Hiv Status And Other Minoritized Identities With Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Transgender And Gender Diverse Individuals In The All Of Us Research Program, Fanghui Shi

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, whose gender identities or expressions differ from the sex assigned at birth, are disproportionately affected by adverse health outcomes, including various psychiatric diagnoses such as depression, anxiety, stress, and substance use disorders. The Gender Minority Stress Model emphasizes that TGD people face both proximal stressors at a personal/individual level (e.g., internalized stigma) and distal stressors at a societal level (e.g., discrimination) due to their minority status, which largely contributes to their increased risk of psychiatric diagnoses. Despite these health disparities, there is a paucity of gender identity data collected in large population-based health …

Communicating About A Nicotine Reduction Policy Among People Who Use Little Cigars And Cigarillos, Charity Afi Ntansah

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed rulemaking to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products to non-addictive levels. A very low nicotine content (VLNC) policy aimed primarily at cigarettes could drive people to other combusted products like little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs), potentially undermining its effectiveness. Expanding the policy to include LCCs requires effective messages for people who use LCCs. This dissertation explores how to communicate the reduced nicotine policy to people who use LCCs. The research recruited four populations with the highest prevalence of cigar use: African American and White males and …

Smile Brighter, Michigan: Inside The Mda Public Education Campaign, Rich Evans

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The Michigan Dental Association's (MDA) Public Education Campaign, active for over three decades, aims to improve oral health and encourage visits to MDA-member dentists across Michigan. Funded by member dues, the campaign uses digital advertising and the smilemichigan.com website to educate the public. Key initiatives include the Find-A-Dentist tool, the "Healthy Mouth, Healthy Body" program, and various community outreach efforts. Upcoming features include the "Story Behind Every Smile" campaign, highlighting personal stories about the impact of dental health. By promoting proactive oral care, the MDA supports better overall health for Michigan residents.

J Mich Dent Assoc July 2024

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association provides news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. It is the primary publication reaching Michigan dentists.

The July issue of the Michigan Dental Association (MDA) journal focuses on the member and public value of the association's Public Education Campaign through a cover story "Smile Brighter Michigan!". It also features articles on:

• How to get value from your MDA membership

• Joining the MDA Forensic Dental Team

• A new professional column, News you need, an editorial and regular department articles covering MDA …

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