Public Health Commons^™

Workers Killed While Working With Forklifts, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Kentucky Haz Alerts--Other

To prevent forklift injuries:

• Do not operate a forklift without being certified and trained.
• Forklift operators should wear their safety belts.
• Do not jump from an overturning forklift. Keep your body inside the forklift frame. Ride it out and lean in the opposite direction of the overturn.
• Do not place yourself between two forklifts.
• Do not handle loads that are heavier than the load capacity of the forklift.
• Make sure that the travel path of the forklift is clear from the floor to the height of the load being moved.
• Do not step on elevated loads.
• It is a violation …

Conceptions Regarding Children’S Health: An Examination Of Ethnotheories In A Sending And Receiving Community, Maria Rosario De Guzman, Jennifer Deleon, Gloria Gonzalez-Kruger, Rodrigo Cantarero

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Ethnotheories are beliefs that adults hold about children and the factors that impact upon their development. Scholars suggest that “ethnotheories” serve as cultural models that underlie motivations for parenting practices and the way adults organize children’s early experiences. This study examines Mexican adults’ ethnotheories about children’s health in two communities that are linked by transnational migrants and serve as sending and receiving communities for workers. Forty-four Mexican adults in six focus groups discussed well-being issues affecting children in their communities. Qualitative analyses using grounded theory revealed a complex conception of children’s health issues that included physical, psychological, and behavioral components …

The President's Emergency Plan For Aids Relief (Pepfar): A Social Work Ethical Analysis And Recommendations, Robert J. Barney, Stephan L. Buckingham, Judith M. Friedrich, Lisa M. Johnson, Michael A. Robinson, Bibhuti K. Sar

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the most recent international social program instituted by the U.S. Government to combat HIV/AIDS. Since its inception in 2003, this foreign policy initiative has dedicated $63 billion for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in foreign countries. Despite PEPFAR's many accomplishments, it continues to promote controversial prevention strategies. This paper analyzes these prevention strategies, utilizing social work values as described in the NASW Code of Ethics. Policy, practice, and research implications are discussed.

An Empathetic Approach To Physical Education Teacher Education, Tony Monahan

Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview

Based on the theory that a more student-centered approach in physical education classes might encourage more students to engage in lifelong physical activity and, thereby, lead a healthier life, this study was undertaken to determine the effect of a semester-long empathy-focused educational intervention on empathy levels in 59 college-level students studying in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) Programs at three East-coast universities. ANCOVA results revealed statistically significant findings in "Higher Order" empathy levels in the experimental groups, and analysis of essays written for the study also suggested a change in experimental group subjects' personal view of PE toward an empathetic …

Pregnancy Outcome In Women With Antiphospholipid Syndrome On Low-Dose Aspirin And Heparin: A Retrospective Study., T. Naru, Rozilla Sadia Khan, R. Ali

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

This retrospective review of hospital records analysed pregnancy outcome with 2 different treatments for women with recurrent miscarriage diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome in the index pregnancy. Of 64 women, 29 had received aspirin and 35 aspirin plus heparin. Pregnancy-induced hypertension, prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal death were considered as maternal and fetal complications. There were no significant differences in antenatal and maternal complications between the groups. However, there were significant differences in mean anticardiolipin IgG antibody levels. Aspirin alone or in combination with parin was equally efficacious in women with antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent miscarriage.

The Influence Of Cultural Orientation, Alcohol Expectancies, And Self-Efficacy On Adolescent Drinking Behavior In China, Duane F. Shell, Ian M. Newman, Xiaoyi Fang

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: We hypothesized that the drinking behavior of adolescents in China is influenced by expectancies and self-efficacy and that adolescents’ cultural orientation towards western versus traditional Chinese values influences expectancies, self-efficacy and drinking behavior, with western values leading to more dysfunctional patterns of beliefs and drinking, and that these beliefs are influenced by students’ gender and school environment. Methods: A total of 1020 high school students from Beijing completed the Chinese Adolescent Alcohol Expectancy, the Chinese Cultural Orientation and the Chinese Self-regulation Self-efficacy questionnaires. Results: Results generally confirmed our hypotheses. Higher negative expectancies and higher self-efficacy reduced …

Correlates Of Physical Activity In Black, Hispanic, And White Middle School Girls, Evelyn B. Kelly, Deborah Parra-Medina, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Marsha Dowda, Terry L. Conway, Larry S. Webber, Jared B. Jobe, Scott Going, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: A need exists to better understand multilevel influences on physical activity among diverse samples of girls. This study examined correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among adolescent girls from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Methods: 1,180 6th grade girls (24.5% black, 15.7% Hispanic, and 59.8% white) completed a supervised self-administered questionnaire that measured hypothesized correlates of PA. MVPA data were collected for 6 days using the ActiGraph accelerometer. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine correlates of PA in each racial/ethnic group. Results: Hispanic girls (n=185) engaged in 21.7 minutes of MVPA per day, black girls (n=289) engaged in 19.5 minutes …

Integrating Social & Clinical Parameters In Outcome Measures Of Schizophrenia: Clinician’S Perspective., Amresh Srivastava, Nilesh Shah, Yves Bureau

Amresh Srivastava

Schizophrenia is a complex neurobehavioral disorder for which there are many promising new treatments. There is, however, a discrepancy in outcome measure reports when they are obtained from patients, relatives, caregivers, or professionals, thus making it difficult to determine the level of recovery. The reason for this lack of agreement may be due to the limitations of the measurement tools themselves, which are not comprehensive and may be measuring different aspects of outcome. Alternatively, it could be that the conceptual understanding of outcome and recovery require development. Unfortunately for one of the above reasons or both, patients assessed as “recovered” …

The Evolution Of The Theoretical Foundations Of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory In Public Policy, Michael S. Givel

Michael S. Givel

Punctuated equilibrium theory in public policy replicated from biological punctuated equilibrium theory has concluded that public policies alternate between stasis and punctuation. However, recent research on Pacific Northwest forest policy, U.S. state tobacco policy, and U.S federal auto efficiency policy have found no punctuations despite an attempt to do so. What is the efficacy of using biological punctuated equilibrium theory to also explain punctuated equilibrium in public policy? Significant differences exist between biological and public policy punctuated equilibrium theory including time frames for change, what constitutes outside disturbances of equilibrium, venues of punctuated equilibrium, levels of analysis for change, and …

Health Reform: Arkansas Impacts, Robert B. Leflar

Robert B Leflar

Column 4 (of 5) on the health reform debate

The Relationship Between Mental Retardation And Developmental Delays In Children And The Levels Of Arsenic, Mercury And Lead In Soil Samples Taken Near Their Mother's Residence During Pregnancy, Yuan Liu, Suzanne Mcdermott, Andrew Lawson, C. Marjorie Aelion

C. Marjorie Aelion

This study was designed to evaluate the association between lead, mercury, and arsenic in the soil near maternal residences during pregnancy and mental retardation or developmental disability (MR/DD) in children. The study was conducted using 6,048 mothers who did not move throughout their pregnancies and lived within six strips of land in South Carolina and were insured by Medicaid between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2002. The mother child pairs were then followed until June 1, 2008, through their Medicaid reimbursement files, to identify children diagnosed with MR/DD. The soil was sampled for mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and As …

Antenatal And Postpartum Depressive Symptoms Are Differentially Associated With Early Childhood Weight And Adiposity, Karen A. Ertel, Karestan C. Koenen, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Matthew W. Gillman

Karen A. Ertel

Antenatal depression is associated with small for gestational age, but few studies have examined associations with weight during childhood. Similarly few studies address whether antenatal and postpartum depression differentially affect child weight. Among 838 mother-child dyads in Project Viva, a prospective cohort study, we examined relationships of antenatal and postpartum depression with child weight and adiposity. We assessed maternal depression at mid-pregnancy and 6 months postpartum with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (score >13 indicating probable depression). We assessed child outcomes at age 3 years: body mass index (BMI) z-score, weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), sum of subscapular (SS) and triceps (TR) …

Do People With Aphasia Want Written Information? A Verbal Survey Exploring Preferences For When And How To Provide Stroke And Aphasia Information, Tanya Rose, Linda Worrall, Louise Hickson, Tammy Hoffmann

Tammy Hoffmann

Purpose: Written health information can be better comprehended by people with aphasia if it is provided in an aphasiafriendly format. However, before pursuing research in the area of text-formatting for people with aphasia, it must be determined whether people with aphasia consider it helpful to receive health information in the written media. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the following: whether people with aphasia consider it important to receive written stroke and aphasia information; when people with aphasia prefer to receive this information; and what their preferences are for health information media.

Method: Surveys were administered in a face-to-face interview …

Survivors On The Edge: The Lived Experience Of Professional Musicians With Playing-Related Injuries, Christine A. Guptill

Christine A Guptill

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived-experience of professional instrumental musicians who have experienced playing-related injuries. This study used a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology developed to examine this lived-experience. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten professional musicians. This was followed by a focus group where preliminary findings were presented to participants and their feedback was sought. Other sources of lived-experience included participant-observation by the researcher, who is a musician and has experienced injuries; and biographic and artistic representations of musical performance and its loss, including literature, films and television. The findings were summarized in a visual representation unique …

Gender Differences Of Case-Fatality Rate In A Brazilian Stroke Registry, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Small Areas With A Higher Stroke Mortality, Paulo A. Lotufo

Paulo A Lotufo

No abstract provided.

Identifikasi Penyebab Diare Di Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali, I N. Sujaya, N.P. Desy Aryantini, N.W. Nursini, S.G. Purnama, N.M.U. Dwipayanti, I G. Artawan, I M. Sutarga

Kesmas

Pada Februari hingga Maret 2008 terjadi kejadian luar biasa muntah berak (diare) di Kabupaten Karangasem Bali. Tercatat sekitar 600 orang mengalami muntaber dan 5 orang meninggal dunia. Ini merupakan kejadian KLB muntaber pertama kali di Bali serta belum diketahui patogen penyebab diare tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi penyebab diare di Karangasem serta kemungkinan rantai penularannya. Penelusuran penyebab KLB dilakukan dengan menganalisis sampel air yang diambil dari sumber air umum, cubang/sumur penduduk, bahan makanan, serta rectal swab penderita dengan kombinasi teknik pemupukan kuman dan PCR spesifik dengan target gen pembentuk toksin pada Escherichia coli. Dengan melakukan kultur pada sampel makanan …

Faktor Dominan Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Malaria Di Perdesaan, Dewi Susanna, Tris Eryando

Kesmas

KLB malaria selama periode 1998-2003 telah menyerang 15 propinsi yang meliputi 84 desa endemis dengan jumlah penderita 27.000 dengan kematian 368. Hewan besar seperti sapi, kerbau dan kuda adalah merupakan cattle barrier malaria. Hewan tersebut perlu diteliti agar dapat diketahui jenis hewan dan tempat hidup hewan (kandang) terhadap kejadian malaria. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kejadian malaria di pedesaan. Jenis penelitian adalah non-intervensi, merupakan analisis lanjut data sekunder yaitu “Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2007”. Subyek yang dianalisis sebanyak 618.593 yang bertempat tinggal di perdesaan. Analisis dilakukan dengan metoda multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Ternak dibagi menjadi …

Perencanaan Penanggulangan Keadaan Darurat Transportasi Darat Bahan Kimia Butadien Rute Bojonegara - Cengkareng Pada Pt X Indonesia, Nelvy Roza, Fatma Lestari

Kesmas

PT X Indonesia mentransport butadien dari terminal penimbunan di Bojonegara ke pengolahan di Cengkareng. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya, memprediksi risiko, dan mengevaluasi prosedur penanggulangan keadaan darurat. Sampel diambil di salah satu rute perjalanan Bojonegara - Cengkareng. Data diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara, catatan, pelaporan dan prosedur penanggulangan keadaan darurat. Rencana penanggulangan keadaan darurat dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan membandingkan PT X Indonesia dengan standar Manitoba Industrial Accidents Council dan Advisory Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Prosedur penanggulangan keadaan darurat meliputi kebijakan perusahaan, analisa risiko, organisasi, sarana dan prasarana, tindakan penanggulangan serta pelatihan dan simulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan …

Double Red Blood Cell Donation Eligibility And Interest, Laura Anderson, Kovi Bessoff, Brandon Chapman, Angela Dunn, Michael Larochelle, Tessa Scripps, Jessica Wood, Christine Frenette, Carol Dembeck, Jan Carney, Mark K. Fung

Public Health Projects, 2008-present

Introduction: The process of double RBC donation by apheresis (DRBC), which facilitates the donation of two units of red blood cells (RBC) in a single donation session, was estimated to account for approximately 4% of blood donations in 2005, and is believed to be growing at a rate of 40% per year. Blood shortages in this country could be corrected by converting as few as 10% of current single unit whole blood donors to DRBC donors. Advantages of DRBC donation may include reduction in donor-related exposures in recipients, improved cost-effectiveness of the donation process, and improved convenience for donors. The …