Maternal and Child Health Commons^™

Implementation Of Specific Nutrition Interventions To Prevent Stunting In Pregnant Women In The Oesapa Community Health Center Area East Nusa Tenggara, Septa Katmawanti, Oktavia Sri Wahyuni, Farah Paramita, Agung Kurniawan, Siti Khuzaimah

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Policies related to stunting prevention have been in place since 2013. However, the prevalence of stunting in East Nusa Tenggara Province is still the highest in Indonesia from 2013 to 2022. One of the areas in the province where the prevalence decreased from 2021 to 2022 is Kupang City. Oesapa Community Health Centre was appointed by the Indonesian Ministry of Health as a pilot health centre representing Kupang City. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of specific nutritional interventions for handling stunting based on the variables of communication, bureaucratic structure, resources, and disposition in the target …

Impact Of Infancy Conditions On Physical Growth Of Children Under-Five, Claudia Azhari, Yeni Mahwati, Yeni Suryamah, Arfian Hikmat Ramdan

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

Children under five years old is the age group most vulnerable to several health problems. It is important to evaluate the impact of infancy condition on their physical growth. This research aimed to examine the impact of infancy condition on the physical growth of children under-five years old. The unmatched case-control study was conducted in Puskesmas Griya Antapani areas, Bandung from May to July, 2023. A total of 112 children aged under 5 years were included in this study (56 cases and 56 control). The analysis used multivariate logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (OR). The results showed that …

Determinants Of Utilization Of Covid-19 Vaccination Services For Pregnant Women, Risa Septi Astutik, Ayun Sriatmi, Eka Yunila Fatmasari

Preventia: The Indonesian Journal of Public Health

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the death rate of pregnant women. The government is taking preventive action by providing COVID-19 vaccination to pregnant women in accordance with the Circular Letter of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia HK.02.01/I/2007/2021. Even though it has been carried out for 2 months, vaccination coverage is still low, especially in Temanggung Regency. This study aims to determine behavioral determinants in the use of COVID-19 vaccination services for pregnant women. This research uses an analytical survey method with a quantitative approach through a cross-sectional study. Taking 200 samples using the …

A Comparison Of Menstrual Health And Well-Being Among Adolescent Girls In Urban And Rural Areas Of The Belegavi District: A Crossectional Study, Arati Mahishale, Nagma Khan

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Background: Due to their relationship with several health hazards, menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and awareness are major public health concerns in both urban and rural settings. This study examined the awareness of MHM among adolescent girls in Belagavi and assessed their knowledge and understanding of menstruation and related taboos.

Methods: In the Belagavi District of Karnataka, India, a cross-sectional, community-based observational study was carried out. About 380 (as 8 were excluded) menstruating adolescent girls between the ages of 12 and 18 who attended different convent and government schools were included in the study. IBM SPSS version 20 was used to …

Development Of An Educational Brochure About Treatment Options For Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorders, Ruth Jeminiwa, Sohyeon Park, Caroline Popielaski, Meghan Gannon, Ronald Myers, Diane J. Abatemarco

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

The goal of this study was to describe the development of an educational brochure for pregnant women with opioid use disorders (OUDs) about treatment options. Based on findings from a preliminary review of the literature, we drafted a brochure that addressed the following questions: (1) What are your options (Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) versus no treatment)? (2) What are the benefits of MAT? (3) What are the risks of MAT? (4) Can I take buprenorphine or methadone while breastfeeding? (5) Which medication should I choose? Clinicians and doulas (n = 19) who provide care to pregnant women with OUDs were recruited. …

Cannabis Exposure During Pregnancy And Neural Mechanisms Of Parenting: Assessing Neural Responses To Infant Cues And Parenting Outcomes, Shannon Powers

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As legalization of cannabis and cannabinoids spreads in the United States, access and use of cannabis during the prenatal period has increased. There is limited knowledge on the effects of prenatal cannabis use on the parental brain. One way to identify potential effects of cannabis on parenting is through studying parenting brain functions and behavior. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) has been shown to be associated with lower positive parenting and lower sensitivity to infants, but it is unclear by what mechanisms. The following two studies address this gap in knowledge by examining the association between cannabis use during the prenatal …

Exploring The Experiences Of Hiv Positive Pregnant Women On Prevention Of Vertical Transmission Of Hiv/Aids In Rural Malawi, Gertrude Finyiza

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be the primary conduct that HIV is transmitted to children worldwide. The problem of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is having a great impact on the world's children. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Malawi continues to be a serious public health issue, especially for expectant mothers. The health outcomes of mothers and children remain significantly threatened by vertical HIV transmission, even with improvements in preventive and treatment efforts. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the experiences of HIV-positive pregnant women in Malawi. I conducted semi structured interviews with thirteen …

Prenatal Maternal Depression In Canada: Are Current Protocols Adequate?, Britney A. Glasgow-Osment, Farah Wahib, Madeleine Zanin, Shama Kassam

Master's in Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences Graduate Program

Throughout pregnancy, maternal and fetal health are influenced by a multitude of factors. Prenatal maternal depression is one such factor. It is well documented that prenatal maternal depression causes negative pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and baby, including irregular placental function, psychological distress, and pre-term birth, among others. In Ontario, the incidence of prenatal maternal depression is alarmingly high, at 10.3%.As such, the current tools for managing prenatal maternal depression must be effective, efficient, and comprehensive. We hypothesized that the current protocols for screening and treating prenatal maternal depression in Canada are inadequate. To investigate this, a literature review …

“I Had To Go There For My Own Safety” Negotiations Of Access And Autonomy Among Dc Birth Settings, Elizabeth Avery Borgmann

Geography Undergraduate Senior Theses

Childbirth experiences are shaped by spatial context. This study considers the relationships between access to, selection of, and experiences with labor and delivery care among Black birthing people in Washington, DC. Informed by Reproductive Justice and reproductive geographies frameworks, I employ a mixed methods GIS design that integrates mapping of potential spatial access with qualitative analysis of community members’ lived experiences. On the quantitative side, nearest-neighbor and 2-step floating catchment area analyses reveal an east-west gradient of potential spatial access to labor and delivery wards, with low access concentrated in predominantly Black and low-income census tracts of Wards 5, 7, …

Investigating The Association Between Metabolic Syndrome Conditions And Perinatal Mental Illness: A National Administrative Claims Study, Karishma Chhabria, Sudhakar Selvaraj, Jerrie Refuerzo, Chau Truong, Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Although the association between mental disorder and metabolic syndrome as a bidirectional relationship has been demonstrated, there is little knowledge of the cumulative and individual effect of these conditions on peripartum mental health. This study aims to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome conditions (MetS-C) and maternal mental illness in the perinatal period, while exploring time to incident mental disorder diagnosis in postpartum women.

METHODS: This observational study identified perinatal women continuously enrolled 1 year prior to and 1 year post-delivery using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (CDM) from 2014 to 2019 with MetS-C i.e. obesity, diabetes, high …

Pediatric Obesity In The United States: Age–Period–Cohort Analysis, Ashley W. Kranjac, Dinko Kranjac, Roxanne I. Aguilera

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

The rates of obesity among American children aged 2–5 years has reached a historic high. It is crucial to identify the putative sources of population-level increases in obesity prevalence among preschool-aged children because early childhood is a critical window for obesity prevention and thus reduction of future incidence. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and hierarchical age–period–cohort analysis to examine lifecycle (i.e., age), historical (i.e., period), and generational (i.e., cohort) distribution of age- and sex-specific body mass index z-scores (zBMI) among 2–5-year-olds in the U.S. from 1999 to 2018. Our current findings indicate that period effects, …

Well-Child Visits For Early Detection And Management Of Maternal Postpartum Hypertensive Disorders, Farah H Amro, Kim C Smith, Syed S Hashmi, Michelle S Barratt, Rachel Carlson, Kristen Mariah Sankey, Michal Fishel Bartal, Sean C Blackwell, Suneet P Chauhan, Baha M Sibai

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Innovative approaches are needed to address the increasing rate of postpartum morbidity and mortality associated with hypertensive disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether assessing maternal blood pressure (BP) and associated symptoms at time of well-child visits is associated with increased detection of postpartum preeclampsia and need for hospitalization for medical management.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a pre-post quality improvement (QI) study. Individuals who attended the well-child visits between preimplementation (December 2017 to December 2018) were compared with individuals who enrolled after the implementation of the QI program (March 2019 to December 2019). Individuals were enrolled at an academic …

Impact Of Prenatal Maternal Depression On Gestational Length Post Hoc Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial, Elysia Poggi Davis, Catherine H. Demers, Lillybelle Deer, Robert Gallop, M. Camille Hoffman, Nancy Grote, Benjamin L. Hankin

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Background Shortened gestation is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality with lifelong consequences for health. There is a need for public health initiatives on increasing gestational age at birth. Prenatal maternal depression is a pervasive health problem robustly linked via correlational and epidemiological studies to shortened gestational length. This proof-of-concept study tests the impact of reducing prenatal maternal depression on gestational length with analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Methods Participants included 226 pregnant individuals enrolled into an RCT and assigned to receive either interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) or enhanced usual care (EUC). Recruitment began in July 2017 …

Postpartum Recovery After Severe Maternal Morbidity In Kilifi, Kenya: A Grounded Theory Of Recovery Trajectories Beyond 42 Days, Ursula Gazeley, Marvine Ochieng, Onesmus Wanje, Angela Koech, Grace Mwashigadi, Nathan Barreh, Alice Kombo, Mwanajuma Bakari, Grace Maitha, Marleen Temmerman

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Introduction The burden of severe maternal morbidity is highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and its relative contribution to maternal (ill) health may increase as maternal mortality continues to fall. Women’s perspective of their long-term recovery following severe morbidity beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period remains largely unexplored.

Methods This woman-centred, grounded theory study was nested within the Pregnancy Care Integrating Translational Science Everywhere (PRECISE) study in Kilifi, Kenya. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit 20 women who experienced either a maternal near-miss event (n=11), potentially life-threatening condition (n=6) or no severe morbidity (n=3). Women were purposively selected between 6 …

Individual Longitudinal Changes In Dna-Methylome Identify Signatures Of Early-Life Adversity And Correlate With Later Outcome, Annabel K. Short, Ryan Weber, Noriko Kamei, Christina Wilcox Thai, Hina Arora, Ali Mortazavi, Hal S. Stern, Laura M. Glynn, Tallie Z. Baram

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Adverse early-life experiences (ELA) affect a majority of the world's children. Whereas the enduring impact of ELA on cognitive and emotional health is established, there are no tools to predict vulnerability to ELA consequences in an individual child. Epigenetic markers including peripheral-cell DNA-methylation profiles may encode ELA and provide predictive outcome markers, yet the interindividual variance of the human genome and rapid changes in DNA methylation in childhood pose significant challenges. Hoping to mitigate these challenges we examined the relation of several ELA dimensions to DNA methylation changes and outcome using a within-subject longitudinal design and a high methylation-change threshold. …

Fetal Brain-Derived Exosomal Mirnas From Maternal Blood: Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers For Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (Fasds), Nune Darbinian, Monica Hampe, Diana Martirosyan, Ahsun Bajwa, Armine Darbinyan, Nana Merabova, Gabriel Tatevosian, Laura Goetzl, Shohreh Amini, Michael E Selzer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are leading causes of neurodevelopmental disability but cannot be diagnosed early in utero. Because several microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in other neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, the effects of EtOH exposure on the expression of these miRNAs and their target genes and pathways were assessed. In women who drank alcohol (EtOH) during pregnancy and non-drinking controls, matched individually for fetal sex and gestational age, the levels of miRNAs in fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) isolated from the mothers’ serum correlated well with the contents of the corresponding fetal brain tissues obtained after voluntary pregnancy termination. In six …

Improved Pediatric Icu Mortality Prediction For Respiratory Diseases: Machine Learning And Data Subdivision Insights, Johayra Prithula, Muhammad E H Chowdhury, Muhammad Salman Khan, Khalid Al-Ansari, Susu M Zughaier, Khandaker Reajul Islam, Abdulrahman Alqahtani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The growing concern of pediatric mortality demands heightened preparedness in clinical settings, especially within intensive care units (ICUs). As respiratory-related admissions account for a substantial portion of pediatric illnesses, there is a pressing need to predict ICU mortality in these cases. This study based on data from 1188 patients, addresses this imperative using machine learning techniques and investigating different class balancing methods for pediatric ICU mortality prediction. This study employs the publicly accessible "Paediatric Intensive Care database" to train, validate, and test a machine learning model for predicting pediatric patient mortality. Features were ranked using three machine learning feature selection …

Impact Of The Department Of Defense Maternity Leave Policy Change On Retention And Postpartum Depression And The Air Force Postpartum Physical Fitness Policy Change On Physical Readiness Outcomes, Minette S. R. Herrick

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Understanding the implications of health policy is paramount to support continued execution and further wide-spread distribution. The Department of Defense has made many recent family friendly policy changes in effort to improve the health and morale of the force. Two such policies were analyzed in this study. The first was the change in maternity leave, in 2016, from allotting women six weeks time off to twelve weeks time off in the postpartum period. The second was executed by the Air Force to permit postpartum women a longer duration for their required physical fitness assessment (an increase from six months to …

Impact Of Temperature On Children’S Nutrition: A Comparative Study Of Three Ecological Regions Of Nepal, Prakriti Shakya

Master's Theses

Nutrition obtained during the growth period of childhood significantly influences long-term well-being and overall productivity, ultimately contributing to the economy of a society. However, weather shocks can wreak havoc by damaging crops, changing yields of important crops and disrupting market access, which directly impacts the food intake of both adults and children. When these adverse events occur during childhood, short term and long term inadequacy in nutrition as well as disease incidence can cause malnutrition leading to stunted growth and cognitive impairment that may persist into adulthood, affecting the labor market and increasing health expenditure. To address this issue, we …

An Analysis Of Professional Education For Future Physicians To Address Implicit Racial Bias In Black Maternal Health, Jasmine Butler

Honors Theses

The history of medicine in the United States is littered with incidences of racism and exploitation of Black Americans. The extensive history of medical racism has continued to be perpetuated in healthcare today. Within the field of maternal health, the dark history of medicine shows its face with the treatment of black mothers. Black maternal health is a current public health crisis currently being exacerbated through discrimination in the form of implicit bias. Implicit bias is a current issue in our healthcare system that needs to be addressed through adequate training of both medical students and physicians. This qualitative research …