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Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Among Nigeria's Youth, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Among Nigeria's Youth, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

This report documents the findings of a study implemented between August 2011 and July 2012 that sought to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based picture of the HIV-related issues facing Nigerian youth and the prevailing legal, policy, and programmatic responses. The study was designed to establish a basis for a sharper focus on youth within the national response to HIV. Researchers conducted an analytical review of the relevant literature on factors associated with HIV risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors among young people aged 15–24 in Nigeria. In addition, qualitative and quantitative analyses enabled an evaluation of the factors associated with young people’s sexual …


Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Of Nigeria's Youth: Summary Of Study Findings, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Hiv/Aids Vulnerabilities, Discrimination, And Service Accessibility Of Nigeria's Youth: Summary Of Study Findings, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Nigerian youth, especially females, are disproportionately affected by HIV yet remain a neglected subpopulation in the response to HIV. Current HIV-prevention interventions are often not youth-friendly in design and implementation. Youth, therefore, fail to access these services which further worsens their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. This study, implemented between August 2011 and July 2012, sought to provide a comprehensive evidence-based picture of the HIV-related issues facing Nigerian youth and the prevailing legal, policy, and programmatic responses. Researchers conducted an analytical review of the relevant literature on factors associated with HIV risk-taking and health-seeking behaviors among young people aged 15–24 in Nigeria. …


Confronting Disrespect And Abuse During Childbirth In Kenya: The Heshima Project, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Confronting Disrespect And Abuse During Childbirth In Kenya: The Heshima Project, Population Council

Reproductive Health

No woman should be hit, yelled at, or abused in any way during childbirth. However, laboring women in Kenya and elsewhere may experience inhumane treatment in hospitals and clinics. This abuse is a key yet overlooked reason why only four in ten pregnant women in Kenya deliver at health facilities. To increase the number of women delivering in health facilities and thereby reduce maternal deaths, governments, health systems, and practitioners need sound evidence documenting the disrespect and abuse that women experience. Through the Heshima Project, the Population Council is changing how health systems and women think about quality maternity care …


Assessment Of Sex Selection In Bangladesh, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, Forhana Rahman Noor 2014 Population Council

Assessment Of Sex Selection In Bangladesh, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, Forhana Rahman Noor

Reproductive Health

According to UN estimates, the sex ratio at birth (SRB) has persisted at its natural level of 105 male per 100 female newborns for the past half century in Bangladesh. Generally, the SRB becomes skewed in a setting where fertility is declining or low and where son preference exists. Strong son preference compounded by the availability of measures to implement such preference can lead to increased SRB. For example, the increasing availability of prenatal diagnostic technologies, together with declining fertility desires and persistent son preference, has contributed to increased gender-biased sex selection in several Asian countries, including China and India. …


Education Sector Response To Early And Unintended Pregnancy (Eup): A Review Of Country Experiences In East And Southern Africa, Harriet Birungi, Chi-Chi Undie, Francis Onyango 2014 Population Council

Education Sector Response To Early And Unintended Pregnancy (Eup): A Review Of Country Experiences In East And Southern Africa, Harriet Birungi, Chi-Chi Undie, Francis Onyango

Reproductive Health

No abstract provided.


Breastfeeding Knowledge, Practice, Attitudes, And Influencing Factors: Findings From A Selected Sample Of Breastfeeding Mothers In Bemidji, Minnesota, Hadeel Adnan Tanash 2014 Minnesota State University - Mankato

Breastfeeding Knowledge, Practice, Attitudes, And Influencing Factors: Findings From A Selected Sample Of Breastfeeding Mothers In Bemidji, Minnesota, Hadeel Adnan Tanash

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Breastfeeding is generally considered by health professionals as the ideal feeding practice for infants. It is the first communication pathway between the mother and her infant. This study was designed to describe breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, practice and influencing factors among breastfeeding mothers in Bemidji, MN. This cross-sectional study allowed the researcher to determine trends and other information about the sample in the Bemidji area. The participants for this study were breastfeeding mothers who gave a birth at Sanford Health located in Bemidji, MN. A written data collection instrument containing forty nine questions was used to collect data. The findings of …


25 Years After Vi Typhoid Vaccine Efficacy Study, Typhoid Affects Significant Number Of Population In Nepal, Deepak Bajracharya, M. Imran Khan, Alfred Pach III, Parisha Shrestha, Nilesh Joshi, Shyam R. Upreti, Thomas Wierzba, Mahesh Puri, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai 2014 MITRA Samaj Pani Pokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

25 Years After Vi Typhoid Vaccine Efficacy Study, Typhoid Affects Significant Number Of Population In Nepal, Deepak Bajracharya, M. Imran Khan, Alfred Pach Iii, Parisha Shrestha, Nilesh Joshi, Shyam R. Upreti, Thomas Wierzba, Mahesh Puri, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Salmonella Typhi, first isolated in 1884, results in infection of the intestines and can end in death and disability. Due to serious adverse events post vaccination, whole cell killed vaccines have been replaced with new generation vaccines. The efficacy of Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) vaccine, a new generation, single-dose intramuscular typhoid vaccine was assessed in Nepal in 1987. However, despite the availability of ViPS vaccine for more than 25 years, Nepal has one of the highest incidence of typhoid fever. Therefore we collected information from hospitals in the Kathmandu Valley from over the past five years. There were 9901 enteric fever …


Validating Indicators Of The Quality Of Maternal Health Care: Final Report, Kenya, Charlotte E. Warren, James Kelly Kimani, Jackline Kivunaga, Brian Mdawida, Charity Ndwiga, Katharine McCarthy, Ann K. Blanc 2014 Population Council

Validating Indicators Of The Quality Of Maternal Health Care: Final Report, Kenya, Charlotte E. Warren, James Kelly Kimani, Jackline Kivunaga, Brian Mdawida, Charity Ndwiga, Katharine Mccarthy, Ann K. Blanc

Reproductive Health

Despite widespread use, the majority of indicators proposed as measures of the quality of maternal health services have not been sufficiently validated. To accurately track progress toward national and global maternal health goals, the present study sought to validate and identify a set of maternal health indicators that can be practically applied in facility and population-based surveys. To evaluate indicators, the study employed a facility-based design. The study was conducted in public/government hospital facilities in Kenya and Mexico. Participants included women aged 15–49 who underwent labor and delivery at participating study facilities and the providers who attended them. Women’s self-report …


Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Punjab: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Punjab: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This brief focuses on the policy options available to the Punjab government to affect the province’s population growth by 2050 and its potential to achieve MDGs 4 and 5. Maternal mortality is a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age in Punjab—about 16 percent of the deaths in this age group are pregnancy-related. Approximately 6,000 women die each year in Punjab due to pregnancy-related factors. Pregnancies that occur too early, too late, or too frequently increase the risk of maternal death. Lowering fertility rates by increasing the use of family planning can help reduce pregnancy-related deaths. The good …


Measuring The Impact Of Contraceptive Use On Unintended Pregnancy And Other Health Outcomes, STEP UP Research Programme Consortium 2014 Population Council

Measuring The Impact Of Contraceptive Use On Unintended Pregnancy And Other Health Outcomes, Step Up Research Programme Consortium

Reproductive Health

This brief describes several statistical models that have been developed to estimate the number of health outcomes that will be averted because of contraceptive use. Concerns have been expressed that this range of approaches—which overlap in the impacts they estimate, but sometimes use different inputs, mathematical algorithms, and assumptions, and may produce different results—may be confusing for policymakers, managers, and donors who want to measure or evaluate these impacts. To address these concerns, the STEP UP consortium convened two expert meetings to review the estimation methods used; come to consensus on methodologies and assumptions, where possible; and provide guidance to …


Play Is Child's Work: Play Pods Invade North Philadelphia To Put Children To Work, Amanda Mastrogiovanni, Nicole Viray 2014 Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine

Play Is Child's Work: Play Pods Invade North Philadelphia To Put Children To Work, Amanda Mastrogiovanni, Nicole Viray

Bridging the Gaps Posters 2014

No abstract provided.


Nutrition Knowledge Of High School Senior Students In Northwest Arkansas, Grace Heymsfield, Cynthia Moore 2014 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

Nutrition Knowledge Of High School Senior Students In Northwest Arkansas, Grace Heymsfield, Cynthia Moore

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Though there are many complex factors influencing diet, nutrition knowledge correlates with healthier food choices in older adolescents and can play a pivotal role in health. Nutrition curriculum was addressed in the state of Arkansas through Arkansas Act 1220 of 2003. Numerous changes have been seen in the school environment regarding nutrition, but there is no means of testing nutrition curriculum effectiveness in terms of nutrition knowledge of students. It is the purpose of this descriptive study to improve understanding of the nutrition knowledge of high school seniors. High school senior students (n = 25; males = 12, females = …


Factors In Breastfeeding Initiation Among Central Kentucky Wic And Non-Wic Participants, Lila Nicole Farnsworth 2014 University of Kentucky

Factors In Breastfeeding Initiation Among Central Kentucky Wic And Non-Wic Participants, Lila Nicole Farnsworth

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Vital statistics data were statistically analyzed to determine who is breastfeeding in central Kentucky and if factors differ between those in a WIC and non-WIC population. The sample consisted of 479 postpartum women aged 18-44 in central Kentucky. Participants in the study were analyzed as a whole, then divided by their participation in the WIC program (n=304) or non-participation in the WIC program (n=175). Variables recorded in the vital statistics form were analyzed. These variables included age, education level, marital status, and ethnicity of the mother, household income status, and gender, gestational age, and birth weight of the infant. In …


Promoting Respectful Maternity Care (Rmc) At Birth: Orientation For Facility-Based Workshops, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care (Rmc) At Birth: Orientation For Facility-Based Workshops, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The goal of “Promoting Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) at Birth: Orientation for Facility-Based Workshops” is to orient service providers on the RMC concept along with a set of evidence-based interventions to promote RMC. Objectives of the workshop as indicated in this slide deck are: Outline the current status of maternal and neonatal health in relation to respectful care. Discuss key RMC concepts, terminology, legal and rights-based approaches related to RMC and the RMC Resource Package. Demonstrate knowledge and use of Values Clarification and Attitude Transformation (VCAT) theory and practice. Discuss selected evidence-based strategies that reduce disrespect and abuse. Discuss participants’ …


Barriers To Obstetric Fistula Treatment In Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Benjamin Bellows, Rachel Bach, Zoe Baker, Charlotte E. Warren 2014 Population Council

Barriers To Obstetric Fistula Treatment In Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Benjamin Bellows, Rachel Bach, Zoe Baker, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

Obstetric fistula is a maternal morbidity condition that occurs in some low-income countries and is caused by prolonged obstructed labor that results in a hole between the vagina and the bladder or rectum through which urine or feces leak. Unrepaired fistula can lead to lifelong ostracism, stigma, and shame. Obstetric fistula is preventable and treatable, but women in these countries experience delays in seeking repair due to a number of factors including awareness of their condition as well as the potential for treatment, resources necessary for seeking care, lack of skilled fistula surgeons, and long hospital waiting times. UNFPA estimates …


Validating Indicators Of The Quality Of Maternal Health Care: Final Report, Mexico, Karla Berdichevsky, Claudia Diaz, Katharine McCarthy, Ann K. Blanc 2014 Population Council

Validating Indicators Of The Quality Of Maternal Health Care: Final Report, Mexico, Karla Berdichevsky, Claudia Diaz, Katharine Mccarthy, Ann K. Blanc

Reproductive Health

Despite widespread use, the majority of indicators proposed as measures of the quality of maternal health services have not been sufficiently validated. To help accurately track progress toward national and global maternal health goals, the present study sought to validate and identify a set of maternal health indicators that can be practically applied in facility and population-based surveys. To evaluate the indicators, the study employed a facility-based design. The study was conducted in public/government hospital facilities in Kenya and Mexico. Participants included women aged 15–49 who underwent labor and delivery at participating study facilities and the providers who attended them. …


Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Balochistan: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Balochistan: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This brief focuses on the policy options available to the Balochistan government to affect the province’s population growth by 2050 and its potential to achieve MDGs 4 and 5. Maternal mortality is a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age in Balochistan—about 35 percent of the deaths in this age group are pregnancy-related. Approximately 3,000 women die each year in Balochistan due to pregnancy-related factors. Pregnancies that occur too early, too late, or too frequently increase the risk of maternal death. Lowering fertility rates by increasing the use of family planning can help reduce pregnancy-related deaths. The maternal …


Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This brief focuses on the policy options available to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) government to affect the province’s population growth by 2050 and its potential to achieve MDGs 4 and 5. Maternal mortality is a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age in KP—about 27 percent of the deaths in this age group are pregnancy-related. Approximately 1,700 women die each year in KP due to pregnancy-related factors. Pregnancies that occur too early, too late, or too frequently increase the risk of maternal death. Lowering fertility rates by increasing the use of family planning can help reduce pregnancy-related deaths. …


Increasing Access To Family Planning In Ghana Through Policy Change: Task-Sharing To Enable Auxiliary Nurses To Provide Contraceptive Implant Services, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Increasing Access To Family Planning In Ghana Through Policy Change: Task-Sharing To Enable Auxiliary Nurses To Provide Contraceptive Implant Services, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Ghana has made significant progress toward reducing the maternal mortality ratio but the rate is still unacceptably high. Up to 26 percent of married Ghanaian women have unmet need for family planning and one in four currently married women is using a modern contraceptive method. Satisfying unmet need for family planning could cut the number of maternal deaths by almost a third. One factor contributing to low usage of modern methods is shortage of trained staff, particularly those skilled in providing long-acting reversible and permanent methods. Until recently, implant services were provided primarily by Ghana Health Service (GHS) trained midwives, …


Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Sindh: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council 2014 Population Council

Achieving Mdgs 4 And 5 In Sindh: The Role Of Family Planning, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This brief focuses on the policy options available to the Sindh government to affect the province’s population growth by 2050 and its potential to achieve MDGs 4 and 5. Maternal mortality is a leading cause of death among women of reproductive age in Sindh—about 24 percent of the deaths in this age group are pregnancy-related. Approximately 2,800 women die each year in Sindh due to pregnancy-related causes despite some recent improvement in reproductive health indicators. Pregnancies that occur too early, too late, or too frequently increase the risk of maternal death. Lowering fertility rates by increasing the use of family …


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