Health Services Research Commons^™

Leadership Matters: A Conversation With Dr. James Hildreth, Jason A. Wolf

Patient Experience Journal

I was extremely honored at this moment in the midst of our current health crisis to have a conversation with Dr. James Hildreth, president and chief executive officer of Meharry Medical College. The focus and commitment expressed by Dr. Hildreth reflects the very mission statement of Meharry Medical College itself, to advance health equity through innovative research, transformative education, exceptional and compassionate health services and policy-influencing thought leadership. As equally important is the alignment of Meharry’s purpose with our very own at the Institute, as Meharry’s mission continues to empower diverse populations to improve the well-being of humankind. Dr. Hildreth …

A Commitment To Hope, Jason A. Wolf Phd, Geoffrey A. Silvera

Patient Experience Journal

On April 1, we made the decision to reconfigure our scheduled special issue on Behavioral Health to the topic of this issue - Sustaining a Focus on Human Experience in the Face of COVID-19. In the midst of crisis, we were uncertain how people would respond to this call or even if they could in the face of the realities they were addressing each day. Yet, the research, cases and stories started to arrive. The contributions in this special issue represent a patchwork of powerful insights and a historic record to document this moment. What we have brought together …

Communication In Healthcare Settings: Access And Barriers To Care Experienced By Deaf Patients, Elizabeth Schniedewind

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Deaf persons who use American Sign Language (ASL) as their primary form of communication are members of a cultural and linguistic minority that experiences significant health disparities yet are not recognized as a health disparity population by the National Institutes of Health. Studies have reported ineffective communication in healthcare interactions and reduced access to care experienced by Deaf patients. Requests for sign language interpreters in healthcare encounters are frequently denied, despite federal mandates to provide effective communication. Comprised of three articles, this dissertation investigates the diminished access to communication in healthcare settings experienced by Deaf patients and qualitative research methods …

The Determinants Of Physical Activity, Self-Monitoring Of Blood Glucose, And Poor Glycemic Control Among Individuals Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes In Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study Based On The Saudi Health Interview Survey (Shis), Mohammed Abdulrahman S. Alsuliman

Health Services Research Dissertations

The prevalence of diabetes and poor glycemic control in Saudi Arabia has increased that contributed to the growing number of deaths in Saudi Arabia. It is known that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) can be prevented but there is a lack information about the magnitude of the of diabetes at national level as well as the risk factors for physical activity (PA), self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and poor glycemic. Thus, through utilizing Health promotion model (HPM), the aims are to examine the personal factors, cognitive-perceptual, and behavioral determinants of three outcomes; physical activity, SMBG, and poor glycemic control. A secondary …

A Three Article Study Examining Sexual And Gender Minority Competency Of Health Service Providers, Corrine N. Wilsey

Health Services Research Dissertations

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals endure a number of health disparities, such as higher rates of violence, mental health conditions, and more medical conditions. These disparities are exacerbated by the fact that SGM individuals face issues such as accessing health insurance, social support programs, and health service providers who are knowledgeable about SGM health issues. Certain health service provider governing organizations (i.e., the American Psychological Association, the Association of American Medical Colleges, and the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association) have recognized the need for guidelines regarding SGM care in recent years and published guidelines for health service providers regarding …

Impact Of Lockdown In India: A Case Study Comparing Kanataka With International Model, Stelvin Sebastian, Aby Paul, Jeeva Joseph, Joel Joby, Sanjo Saijan, Jobin Kunjumon Vilapurathu

Kesmas

The COVID-19 was declared a pandemic and a global health emergency by WHO, prompting various countries to implement early and stringent social distancing protocols through lockdown, to flatten the epidemic curve. The objective of the present study was to assess the impacts and effectiveness of the lockdown protocol in Karnataka and Punjab, compared with the implementation of this method in Australia and the UK. This study involved the collection of data from different authorized databases, in two phases. The first phase included the time starting with the first-reported index case through the 14th day after the declaration of lockdown, for …

Pre-Testing Of The Who’S Educational Video: “How To Protect Yourself Against Covid-19”, Hilyatul Fadliyah, Manendra Muhtar, Munih Munih, Sylviasari Risgiantini, Weny Wulandary, Hadi Pratomo

Kesmas

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a public health emergency in many countries, including Indonesia. The World Health Organization (WHO) released an educational video, entitled "How to Protect Yourself Against COVID-19", which explained how to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study is a qualitative study that aims to pre-test this video, based on the Information, Education, Communication (IEC) theory, by analyzing teenagers’ perceptions of the video. The design used was a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP), and the data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with participants, through …

Review Of Trial Therapies And Treatment For Covid-19: Lessons For Indonesia, Halma Zahro Mukhlida, Hilma Hasro Maulida, Gunanti Khairunnisa, Margaretha Josephine Mantrono, Risky Kusuma Hartono, Rindu Rindu, Eka R W Purnamasari, Rizky Fajar Meirawan

Kesmas

The infectious disease from Coronavirus Disease 2019, or COVID-19, has quickly spread world-wide since 2019. Therapies for managing COVID-19 have yet to be confirmed as medication for the severe sickness that the disease may cause. This study aimed to review the previous research of the efficacy of trial therapy and treatment to the patients in the hospital with COVID-19. Using PRISMA guidelines as a method for conducting a systematic literature review, a total of 67 articles were collected from several online journal databases. Various therapies were found that are effective in the treatment and management of COVID-19. In accordance with …

Feasibility And Validity Of Asking Patients To Define Individual Levels Of Meaningful Change On Patient-Reported Outcomes, Salene M.W. Jones, Yuxian Du, Ari Bell-Brown, Kaylin Bolt, Joseph M. Unger

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are frequently used in clinical care to monitor treatment response. However, most guidelines on PRO use treat all patients the same. This study tested the feasibility and validity of a method for determining individually meaningful change in PRO measures.

Methods: Participants (n = 398) completed 12 pain and distress questions to define individually meaningful change. This mixed-methods study used both quantitative and qualitative analyses, including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and content analysis.

Results: Two-thirds (67%) of the sample reported at least one medical condition, including depression and back pain. Most participants (70%–90%) were able to answer …

A 2-Hour Diabetes Self-Management Education Program For Patients With Low Socioeconomic Status Improves Short-Term Glycemic Control, Michael G. Jakoby Iv, Melissa Schleder, Vickie Luff, Cynthia Yergler, Albert Botchway, Cheryl Burns

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) improves glycemic control, but patients with low socioeconomic status face institutional and personal barriers to receiving DSME. A retrospective single cohort study of a 2-hour group DSME program prioritizing accessibility and completion of a tightly focused curriculum was performed to determine if glycemic control improved and whether a longer, more comprehensive, prospective evaluation of the program is indicated. All patients who participated in the program from September 2017 to December 2018 were included in the analysis. The primary study endpoint was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline. A total of 58 out of 94 patients …

Defining And Characterizing Frequent Attenders: Systematic Literature Review And Recommendations, Dip Shukla, Erik Faber, Brian Sick

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: To decrease cost and improve efficiency, health care organizations have focused on frequent attenders — patients with high health care utilization. Prior studies have investigated singular health care settings, used varying definitions of frequent attendance, and inconsistently identified factors correlated with frequent attendance. The purpose of this article is to suggest a uniform definition of frequent attenders for different health care settings and to determine factors correlated with frequent attendance.

Methods: This systematic review of three databases identified 2761 unique articles; 174 met inclusion criteria. Studies were analyzed for their definition of frequent attenders and factors associated with frequent …

Proximity To Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care And The Utilization Of Facility-Based Delivery Services Across Six Low-And-Middle Income Countries, Chioma T. Amadi

Dissertations and Theses

Background: More than 90% of maternal deaths occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) and are largely attributed to preventable pregnancy-related causes. Comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC), also known as signal functions, is the most effective life-saving intervention for managing obstetric and newborn emergencies. Health facilities offering delivery services are generally classified as having either comprehensive, basic or less than basic EmOC capacity based on their obstetric resources. Multiple EmOC methods are regularly utilized in characterizing facility obstetric capacity and this introduces inconsistencies that pose significant public health and policy implications for access to delivery care among women within a service environment. …

Tuberculosis Medication Nonadherence—A Qualitative Case Study, Karthick Swaminathan, Lalitha Ramakrishnan, C. S. G. Krishnamacharyulu

The Qualitative Report

India is grappling with the problem of controlling tuberculosis nearly for the past 50 years. The problem of nonadherence to treatment regimen has also worsened the situation of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in India. This article explores the factors behind nonadherence among erstwhile TB defaulters in a rural district in India. In-depth interviews with seven chronic defaulters and with healthcare professionals were conducted at a government-run Chest Clinic. In addition to in-depth interviews with defaulters and healthcare professionals, medical records and government orders related to TB control were examined extensively. Participants were also observed to understand their interaction with healthcare …

Assessing Mobile Phone Access, Usage, And Willingness Among Women To Receive Voice Message-Based Mobile Health Intervention To Improve Antenatal Care Attendance In District Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan, Anam Shahil Feroz, Naureen Akber Ali, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Background: Pakistan has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios worldwide at 276/100,000 live births and only 51% percent of women receive four or more ANC visits. This means that there are missed opportunities for almost half of the women who were not able to seek the recommended antenatal visits. In Thatta district, the maternal mortality ratio is estimated at 313/100,000 live births. Various studies reported that mHealth interventions have proven to be effective to improve antenatal care and postnatal care services. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of mobile health interventions to increase uptake of preventive maternal healthcare services among …

Strengthening The Evidence Base For Telehealth For Abortion Service Delivery, Nadi Kaonga

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Telehealth – which is the use of information and communication technology to provide clinical services to patients remotely – provides an opportunity to extend safe abortion services to women. A recent review article on telehealth for abortion service delivery found it to be acceptable, feasible and safe when compared to in-person service delivery. Despite the promising findings, the evidence base can and should be strengthened to optimize the impact of such services for women. Areas for improvement include evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of telehealth implementations in more remote settings and with women across variable levels of technoliteracy, conducting cost-effectiveness …

Open Public Health Data Discovery: Start With Re3data.Org, Charles J. Greenberg, Sangeeta Narang

Libraries Scholarship

Background: Open public health data consists of organized online data repositories assembled during or after public health investigations. There are enormous quantities of organized public health repository data emerging in a variety of academic, government, or non-commercial discipline or subject repositories. A new registry of research data repositories, re3data.org, has the potential to improve the identification, access, and reuse of public health data, as well as promote best practices of data preservation and management. The intention of this investigation is to provide an introduction to effective use re3data.org for access to shared open public health data.

Description: The authors examined …

Delivery Of Sexual And Reproductive Health Interventions In Conflict Settings: A Systematic Review, Mariella Munyuzangabo, Dina Sami Khalifa, Michelle F. Gaffey, Mahdis Kamali, Fahad J. Siddiqui, Sarah Metek, Shailja Shah, Reena P. Jain, Daina Als, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Anushka Ataullahjan, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: It is essential to provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions to women affected by armed conflict, but there is a lack of evidence on effective approaches to delivering such interventions in conflict settings. This review synthesised the available literature on SRH intervention delivery in conflict settings to inform potential priorities for further research and additional guidance development.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases using terms related to conflict, women and children, and SRH. We searched websites of 10 humanitarian organisations for relevant grey literature. Publications reporting on conflict-affected populations in low-income and middle-income countries …

Differential Vpu-Mediated Cd4 And Tetherin Downregulation Functions Among Major Hiv-1 Group M Subtypes, Gisele Umviligihozo, Kyle D. Cobarrubias, Sandali Chandrarathna, Steven W. Jin, Nicole Reddy, Helen Byakwaga, Conrad Muzoora, Mwebesa B. Bwana, Guinevere Q. Lee, Peter W. Hunt, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Downregulation of BST-2/tetherin and CD4 by HIV-1 viral protein U (Vpu) promotes viral egress and allows infected cells to evade host immunity. Little is known however about the natural variability in these Vpu functions among the genetically diverse viral subtypes that contribute to the HIV-1 pandemic. We collected Vpu isolates from 332 treatment-naive individuals living with chronic HIV-1 infection in Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa, and Canada. Together, these Vpu isolates represent four major HIV-1 group M subtypes (A [n = 63], B [n = 84], C [n = 94], and D [n = 59]) plus intersubtype …

Hpv Vaccination In Females: The Role Of Primary Health Care And Primary Health Care Providers, Brooke Bouza

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Two reasons for subpar coverage of the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine are missed clinical opportunities and nonacceptance of the vaccine upon recommendation from a medical provider. The purpose of study one was to examine factors associated with access and adherence to physician’s recommendations in association with HPV vaccine uptake. Data were obtained from National Health Interview Survey (2017). Variables theoretically related to clinical opportunities and adherence to physician’s recommendations were examined in association with HPV vaccine uptake. Univariate logistic regressions were run to determine the associations between the aforementioned variables and uptake of the HPV vaccine. Multinomial logistic regressions were …

Analisis Produk Layanan Layanan Rawat Inap Di Rsud Wangaya Denpasar Berdasarkan Stp Dan 4 P (Product, Price, Place Dan Promotion), Ni Putu Sri Wahyuni

Jurnal ARSI : Administrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia

Service marketing strategy will increase the level of customer satisfaction with marketing mix consisting of 4 P (product, price, place, promotion) and supported by modern STP marketing strategies (Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning) as a technique to look for market opportunities, so that the hospital is able to provide health services according to customer needs. The research conducted is descriptive research, which is a research method that aims to describe a situation objectively, to solve the problem being faced. The data used are secondary data that includes inpatient visit data, occupancy data for inpatient rooms, and community satisfaction data in inpatient …