Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Evaluation Of Scrub Typhus Surveillance, Alwar District, Rajasthan, India, July-August 2020, Surendra M Prajapati, Kanica Kaushal, Simmi Tiwari, Ajit Shewale, Tushar Nale, Tanzin Dikid

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Scrub typhus is one of the most underreported and fatal illnesses accounting for 23% of all febrile illness. Rajasthan reported cases during 2018-2019 in state reporting system but did not report any case to central Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) unit. We evaluated the Scrub typhus surveillance system in Alwar district, Rajasthan, with the objective of describing and evaluating the system and providing evidence-based recommendations to identify gaps.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: In cross-sectional study, we reviewed records and conducted key informant interviews at district- and block-level health facilities. Using US Centers for Disease Control guidelines, we evaluated the system …

“I Don’T Have A Pile Of Money To Take Care Of Things”: Financial Stress And Housing Insecurity Among Low-Income Hispanic/Latinx Immigrant Families During Covid-19, Marisa Westbrook

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Housing, the single largest expense for low-income individuals, is inherently tied to economic security. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Hispanic/Latinx and Black communities experienced the highest rates of income loss, basic needs insecurity, and COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. As part of an ethnographic case study, I conducted serial interviews over two years with 35 predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latinx immigrant families in one Denver, Colorado neighborhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. These interviews revealed that very few of these individuals were able to access governmental financial support as a result of limited dissemination despite facing unemployment, underemployment and rising rents. Although governmental financial support …

Health Misinformation During Epidemiological Crises, Bethany Stefan, Alexis L. Emich, Katrina R. Lamp

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Health misinformation is more prevalent than ever in the modern age and poses serious risks for those who believe it. Medical fallacies can become especially harmful during periods of widespread disease when the misinformed respond in ways that increase threats to public health. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe and critically appraise the evidence about how health misinformation during endemics and pandemics can influence behaviors and responses, as well as the implications of interventions affecting these behaviors. A systematic search of the literature with inclusion/exclusion criteria using CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO resulted in …

The Effect Of An Educational Handout On Knowledge, Awareness And Attitudes Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Participants At A Needle And Syringe Exchange Site, Mckenzie Buckel

DNP Projects

Background: In 2018, the total number of HIV cases in the United States was 1.2 million. Almost 186,500 of these cases were attributed to intravenous drug use. With the adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) there is approximately a 49% decrease in the rates of HIV among people who inject drugs and the most significant barrier to PrEP among this population is a lack of awareness and knowledge.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine participants’ of a needle and syringe exchange site knowledge, awareness and attitudes of PrEP after reviewing an educational handout about PrEP.

Methods: A quasi …

Electronic Cigarettes And Young Adults: Use Of Screening Tools And Provider Knowledge, Kayla Erin Chelf

DNP Projects

Background: Electronic Cigarette (e-cigarette) use is now more common than traditional cigarette use in adolescents and young adults (Dinardo & Rome, 2019). There is concern that the lack of screening for use and knowledge about the health consequences of e-cigarette use is driving this growth.

Objective: The purposes of this project were to (1) assess baseline e-cigarette knowledge and screening practices from healthcare professionals, and (2) evaluate changes in knowledge after delivery of an educational intervention about e-cigarettes.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study a seven-question survey on screening practice and knowledge concerning e-cigarettes in young adults was posted on the …

The Psychology Of Science Denialism And Lessons For Public Health Authorities, Brenna Moreno, Molly J. Walker Wilson

All Faculty Scholarship

As it wreaked tragedy on the world, the outbreak of COVID-19 helped expose a pandemic of a different kind, one steeped in distrust and contrarianism. This movement, termed science denialism, has been lurking and undermining public health efforts for decades. Specifically, it is “the employment of rhetorical arguments to give the appearance of legitimate debate where there is none, an approach that has the ultimate goal of rejecting a proposition on which a scientific consensus exists.” Unlike skepticism, which is “doubt as to the truth of something” and works to progress both science and society, denialism is characterized by individuals’ …

What Could Go Wrong? Patient And Hospital Characteristics Associated With Pediatric Quality Of Inpatient Care And Pediatric Adverse Events, Michael H. Samawi

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

This study aims to analyze associations between hospital and patient characteristics with pediatric adverse events (PAE) in the inpatient hospital setting, utilizing the framework of pediatric quality indicators (PDIs) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) indicators. Three PDIs were identified and utilized for this purpose: NQI 03 Neonatal Blood Stream Infection, PDI 09 Postoperative Respiratory Failure, and PDI 10 Postoperative Sepsis. The data used for the study is based on an analysis of discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid’s Inpatient Databases (KID) for the year 2019. The findings contribute to the growing …

Community Health Project, Yuliya Shneyderman

Open Educational Resources

This assignment allows students to present information about their New York City neighborhood and the social determinants of health. They explore the community in which they live through several multi-media engagements. The project has 4 parts and can be used for a semester long exploration and assignment.

Expanding Medicaid To Reduce Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission In Houston, Texas: Insights From A Modeling Study, Francis Lee, Aditya S Khanna, Camden J Hallmark, Richa Lavingia, Marlene Mcneese, Jing Zhao, Melanie L Mcneese, Salma Khuwaja, Babak M Ardestani, Nicholson Collier, Jonathan Ozik, Anna L Hotton, Nina T Harawa, John A Schneider, Kayo Fujimoto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

CONTEXT: Medicaid expansion has been nationally shown to improve engagement in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and prevention continua, which are vital steps to stopping the HIV epidemic. New HIV infections in the United States are disproportionately concentrated among young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). Houston, TX, is the most populous city in the Southern United States with a racially/ethnically diverse population that is located in 1 of 11 US states that have not yet expanded Medicaid coverage as of 2021.

METHODS: An agent-based model that incorporated the sexual networks of YBMSM was used to simulate …

Application Of Implementation Mapping To Develop Strategies For Integrating The National Diabetes Prevention Program Into Primary Care Clinics, William B Perkison, Serena A Rodriguez, Fernanda Velasco-Huerta, Patenne D Mathews, Catherine Pulicken, Sidra S Beg, Natalia I Heredia, Pierre Fwelo, Grace E White, Belinda M Reininger, John W Mcwhorter, Roshanda Chenier, Maria E Fernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is considered one of the most prevalent and preventable chronic health conditions in the United States. Research has shown that evidence-based prevention measures and lifestyle changes can help lower the risk of developing diabetes. The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) is an evidence-based program recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; it is designed to reduce diabetes risk through intensive group counseling in nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral management. Factors known to influence this program's implementation, especially in primary care settings, have included limited awareness of the program, lack of standard clinical processes to facilitate …

Designing And Pilot-Testing Smokefreesgm: A Text-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention For Sexual And Gender Minority Groups, Rebecca Klaff, Samuel Tundealao, Brittany Krenek, Irene Tamí-Maury

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of smoking is significantly higher among sexual and gender minorities (SGM) than the general population, no text-based smoking cessation intervention has been specifically tailored to this group. The objective of this phase of our study was to develop SmokefreeSGM, an SGM-tailored text-based smoking cessation program, and pilot test its design to inform the refinement of the program.

METHODS: SmokefreeSGM was adapted from SmokefreeTXT, the National Cancer Institute's text-based smoking cessation program, to respond to the needs of SGM smokers. In addition to tailored text messages, SmokefreeSGM includes a new keyword, STRESS, to address the unique psychosocial …

Plasma Protein Biomarkers Of Healthy Dietary Patterns: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study And The Framingham Heart Study, Shutong Du, Jingsha Chen, Hyunju Kim, Maura E Walker, Alice H Lichtenstein, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Peter Ganz, Bing Yu, Ramachandran S Vasan, Josef Coresh, Casey M Rebholz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of healthy dietary patterns are poorly understood. Identifying protein biomarkers of dietary patterns can contribute to characterizing biological pathways influenced by food intake.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify protein biomarkers associated with four indexes of healthy dietary patterns: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015); Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010); DASH diet; and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED).

Methods: Analyses were conducted on 10,490 Black and White men and women aged 49-73 y from the ARIC study at visit 3 (1993-1995). Dietary intake data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and plasma proteins were quantified using …

Application Of Implementation Mapping To Develop Strategies For Integrating The National Diabetes Prevention Program Into Primary Care Clinics, William B Perkison, Serena A Rodriguez, Fernanda Velasco-Huerta, Patenne D Mathews, Catherine Pulicken, Sidra S Beg, Natalia I Heredia, Pierre Fwelo, Grace E White, Belinda M Reininger, John W Mcwhorter, Roshanda Chenier, Maria E Fernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is considered one of the most prevalent and preventable chronic health conditions in the United States. Research has shown that evidence-based prevention measures and lifestyle changes can help lower the risk of developing diabetes. The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) is an evidence-based program recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; it is designed to reduce diabetes risk through intensive group counseling in nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral management. Factors known to influence this program's implementation, especially in primary care settings, have included limited awareness of the program, lack of standard clinical processes to facilitate …

Access To Hiv Prevention, Care, And Treatment Services In The Us: The Role Of Primary Care, Jessica S. Kiernan

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the role of access to primary care in benefitting HIV outcomes through increased access to HIV prevention, care, and treatment services, among populations disproportionately affected by HIV in the US. Over 30,000 individuals are newly diagnosed with HIV annually in the US and diagnoses are concentrated in specific populations. At an individual-level, ~ 70% of new diagnoses are among gay and bisexual men and of those diagnoses, 70% are among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic gay and bisexual men. At a community-level, over 50% of new HIV diagnoses occur in less than 2% of US counties (48), Washington, …

The Impact Of A Parent-Only Pediatric Obesity Intervention Program On Quality Of Life In Racially Diverse Children, Taylor Vashro

Theses and Dissertations

Pediatric obesity has been associated with significant decrements in pediatric quality of life (QOL) comparable with severe pediatric diseases such as cancer. Parenting interventions have yielded health benefits for children with obesity; however, few studies have investigated the impact of parent-focused interventions on QOL in children with overweight and obesity. This study investigated the impact of a 6-week intensive parenting intervention program on the QOL of 5-12 year old, predominantly Black children with overweight and obesity. Parents were randomized into either the parenting intervention (NOURISH+) or a control group, and QOL, as well as variables related to child and parenting …

Qvoices: Queer Voices In Oncology Igniting Change Through Empowered Stories Of Survivorship, Viktor Clark

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Each year in the United States there are roughly 2 million new cancer diagnoses, with over 600,000 deaths due to cancer. The National Cancer Institute developed a six-stage cancer control continuum framework ranging from etiology to survivorship to organize the cancer experience. Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are comprised of multiple communities representing ~23.6 million adults in the US, SGM face disparities at each stage of the cancer control continuum. This study emphasizes three stages, prevention, detection, and treatment. Engagement in prevention can prevent or prolong cancer, early detection through engagement in cancer screening improves cancer trajectories and compliance …

Bibliography, Maria E. Main

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Bibliography of publications by Eve Main.

A Descriptive And Visual Analysis Of The North Coast Fall Prevention Survey Data, Mishell Lopez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Older adults over 65 will double from 52.4 million in 2018 to 94.7 million in 2060. Among this aging group, falls affect one out of four older adults and are a critical economic concern for our American society, with yearly costs of $50 billion. In older adults, falling can result in negative consequences such as fear of falling, injuries, mobility restrictions, and loss of independence. California has one of the highest costs per fall ($4 billion annually) and a high percentage of adults who have fallen (30.6%) compared to the nation. Moreover, two of California’s northwest rural counties, Del Norte, …

Genetic Associations Between Sleep Traits And Cognitive Ageing Outcomes In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos, Yuan Zhang, Michael Elgart, Einat Granot-Hershkovitz, Heming Wang, Wassim Tarraf, Alberto R Ramos, Ariana M Stickel, Donglin Zeng, Tanya P Garcia, Fernando D Testai, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Carmen R Isasi, Martha L Daviglus, Robert Kaplan, Myriam Fornage, Charles Decarli, Susan Redline, Hector M González, Tamar Sofer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Sleep phenotypes have been reported to be associated with cognitive ageing outcomes. However, there is limited research using genetic variants as proxies for sleep traits to study their associations. We estimated associations between Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and measures of cogntive ageing in Hispanic/Latino adults.

METHODS: We used summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies to construct PRSs representing the genetic basis of each sleep trait, then we studied the association of the PRSs of the sleep phenotypes with cognitive outcomes in the Hispanic Community Healthy Study/Study of …

Enabling Structural Resilience Of Street-Involved Children And Youth In Kenya: Reintegration Outcomes And The Flourishing Community Model, Michael L Goodman, Sarah E Seidel, Andrew Springer, Aleisha Elliott, Christine Markham, Hani Serag, Philip Keiser, Ben Raimer, Lauren Raimer-Goodman, Christine Gatwiri, Kelvin Munene, Stanley Gitari

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Millions of children and youth live on city streets across the globe, vulnerable to substance use, abuse, material and structural neglect. Structural resilience, the re-establishment of access to structural goods within a society such as housing, education, and healthcare following some interruption, provides an orientation for research and interventional efforts with street-involved children and youth (SICY). Further, a structural resilience framework supports organizing interactions between levels and sectors of a socio-ecology.

Methods: Following the expressed interests of Kenyan SICY, and consistent with emerging policy interests at national and global levels, we assess reintegration trajectories of Kenyan SICY (n …