Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Migration And Hiv In India: Study Of Select Districts, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Alka Narang, Umesh Chawla

HIV and AIDS

Report of a study assessing the important role of migration in the spread of HIV in districts with high out-migration in India. The study suggests a considerable spread of HIV linked to migrants’ extramarital sexual behaviors, and subsequent delay in treatment for infected spouses. In order to control the spread of HIV, the study provides programmatic recommendations made by the study participants and the counselors from ICTCs and ART centers. These suggestions include village-level mapping of at-risk persons, mainstreaming HIV prevention interventions within current health resources, improving various village level HIV prevention programs, and involving women left behind by migrant …

Hiv Transmission Among Married Men And Women In Districts With High Out-Migration In India: Study Brief, Niranjan Saggurti, Bidhubhusan Mahapatra, Suvakanta N. Swain, Madhusudana Battala, Umesh Chawla, Alka Narang

HIV and AIDS

This brief describes a study examining the links between male out-migration and HIV transmission among married men and women and other mechanisms by which HIV is transmitted within marital relationships in districts with high out-migration.

Evaluation Of The Informed Consent Process For Male Circumcision Scale-Up In Swaziland, Barbara Friedland, Louis Apicella, Katie D. Schenk, Meredith Sheehy, Paul C. Hewett

HIV and AIDS

This report evaluates the informed consent process for male circumcision conducted through the Male Circumcision Partnership for Swaziland, led by Population Services International, in partnership with Jhpiego, Marie Stopes International, and the Population Council. The study assesses participants' comprehension of the circumcision process, the informed consent process, as well as the affect of male circumcision counseling on their experience.

An Investigation On Hiv Related Stigma To Improve Hiv Prevention Efforts In North Dakota, Krissie Lynn Mayer-Guerard

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

This study examines HIV stigma to improve HIV prevention in North Dakota. A survey was administered to North Dakotan adults between January 15 and February 15, 2011, in eight selected towns. The study focused on North Dakotan perceptions of HIV in their state. Research found that most North Dakotans do not view HIV as a problem in their state. There is, however, a belief that there is stigma associated with HIV in North Dakota, as 65 percent of survey respondents believe that. The study also shows that there is a need for education regarding the transmission of HIV. Sixty percent …

Assessing Students' Risk Factors For Type Ii Diabetes At A Midwest Public University, Nicole Decourcy Ferrian

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this study was to assess students' risk factors for type II diabetes at a Midwest public university. It further examined students' perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and self-efficacy of the disease. The design of the cross-sectional study was based on risk factors for type II diabetes listed by the American Diabetes Association and the Health Belief Model's constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and self-efficacy. A survey was distributed to non-diabetic college students aged 18 and older enrolled in general education courses at a Midwest public university. A purposive sampling of 432 students enrolled in Health 101 and …

Social Mobilization Strategy, Family Advancement For Life And Health (Falah)

Reproductive Health

This document outlines social mobilization strategies at the national and community levels of the Family Advancement for Life and Health (FALAH) project in Pakistan. The project aims to improve the health and well-being of women, men, and their children through tackling the major obstacles in adoption of birth spacing to improve maternal and child health outcomes and family well-being, by increasing knowledge of the benefits of birth spacing as well as knowledge, increased demand for, and effective use of contraceptive methods. The strategy aims to achieve a significant increase in couples’ knowledge and understanding of the need for and benefits …

Situation Analysis Of Disability Resources And Needs Of Shantytowns Near Lima, Peru, Jessica Hunt

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Individuals in shantytowns of Lima, Peru experience unique challenges due to socioeconomic status and perceived inabilities. A situation analysis using qualitative ethnographic interviews of key participants (n=15) and one focus group (n=7) was conducted to explore life with disability in a shantytown of Lima, Peru. Findings showed that individuals with disability face physical and attitudinal barriers that limit social inclusion through the avenues of rehabilitation, education, and employment. The familial complex is expected to provide care for the individual with disability. The adult family member often chooses between providing income for the household and providing care and safety for their …

The Effect Of Prenatal Care And Other Factors On Preterm Births In Montgomery County 2007-2009, Leslie A. Schmieder

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction Preterm birth is defined as a baby who is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Problems with preterm birth include an increased risk for health complications throughout life as well as having significantly more medical expenses compared to a full term infant. Prenatal care has shown to decrease the risk for preterm birth nationally. The objective of this project was to analyze prenatal care and other risk and demographic factors to determine their association with preterm birth in Montgomery County.

Method Data used included the 2007-2009 Montgomery County Birth Certificate Data for mothers who had singleton births. The Kessner …

"Knowing Myself First": Feasibility Of Self-Testing Among Health Workers In Kenya, Sam Kalibala, Waimar Tun, William Muraah, Peter Cherutich, Erick Oweya, Patricia Oluoch

HIV and AIDS

Report of a study exploring the feasibility and acceptability of free HIV home self-testing among health workers in Kenya, within the range of other HIV testing options available.

Review Of The Multi-Level Factors Contributing To Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In The U.S., Qi Zhang, Liuliu Fu

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has a significant protective effect in reducing various cardiometabolic diseases. In recent years, the U.S. government has made a lot of effort to promote F&V consumption through different projects and programs, including the MyPyramid food guidance system supported by the USDA’s Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, and the Fruits & Veggies More Matters program (previously called the 5-A-Day for Better Health program), supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other public and private agencies. However, modest success has been achieved in promoting healthy diets among the American public. …

Indian Health Service Strategic Plan 2006-2011, Indian Health Service

Native Health Database Full Text

The main health challenges currently faced by American Indian and Alaska Native people are the increasing health conditions and chronic diseases that are related to lifestyles issues such as obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, substance abuse, and injuries. To help meet these challenges, the Indian Health Service (IHS) has launched a Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPj DP) Initiative to develop a coordinated and systematic approach to enhance preventive health approaches at the local, regional, and national levels. This Initiative is aligned with the President's HealthierUS, HHS Steps to a HealthierUS, and Healthy People 2010.

Ethical Issues In Global Health Education, David Barnard, T. Thuy Bui, Jack Chase, Evaleen Jones, Scott Loeliger, Anvar Velji, Mary T. White

Population and Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of The Informed Consent Process For Male Circumcision Scale-Up In Zambia, Barbara Friedland, Louis Apicella, Katie D. Schenk, Meredith Sheehy, Paul C. Hewett

HIV and AIDS

This report evaluates the informed consent process for male circumcision conducted through the Male Circumcision Partnership for Zambia, led by Population Services International (Society for Family Health, Zambia), in partnership with Jhpiego, Marie Stopes International, and the Population Council. The objectives of the study were to assess male circumcision clients' comprehension of the informed consent process, examine social norms and practices regarding informed consent for adolescents, compare clients' expectations and experiences, and make additional recommendations for improving the informed consent process.

Adolescent Substance Use: Perceptions Of Parents And Teenagers, Anthony Stadtherr

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Drug use among Minnesota youth is a leading health risk behavior. This study examined rural adolescents' and parents'/guardians' perceptions of teens' substance use. An electronic survey was administered to high school students (n = 62; adjusted response rate = 84.9%) and sent by email to 79 parents/guardians (n = 22; adjusted response rate = 27.8%). Analyses included descriptive statistics, independent and paired sample t-tests, and chi-square. 56.5% of teens reported using alcohol in the past 12 months whereas 12.9% reported using marijuana. During the past 30 days teens reported using alcohol 1.1 days and using marijuana 1.2 days. When teenage …

Use Of Social Marketing Promotional Strategies To Create Awareness Of Worksite Health Promotion Programs: A Survey Of Program Coordinators, Anna Catherine Stahl

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

There is growing interest in evidence-based research supporting worksite health promotion to help alleviate rising healthcare costs associated with unhealthy lifestyle choices of employees. Worksite health promotion programs can be designed and promoted to help prevent and reduce the negative effects of an unhealthy workforce. With that, the purpose of this research study was to assess how social marketing promotional strategies were used by worksite health promotion program coordinators in organizations located throughout the upper Midwest region of the United States. A 12-question survey collected basic demographic information on each participant, in addition to the way social marketing promotional strategies …

Addressing The Burden Of Uncorrected Refractive Error In Mozambique, Stephen Thompson, James Loughman, Prasidh Ramson, Luigi Bilotti, Geoff Harris, Kovin Naidoo

Conference Papers

A situational analysis indicates a lack of eye health personnel who can and do refract. The logical course of action would be to train more eye health personnel. A conservative estimated annual burden of URE in lost productivity in Mozambique is $14,486,692. To achieve the V2020 target ratio, an extra 184 workers are needed in six provinces analysed.The analysis assumes the existing personnel are well trained and dedicate time to offering a refraction service. It also assumes that the patient receives the care they require. Other aspects of the situational analysis suggest this is currently not always the case. A …

Preliminary Efficacy Of A Computer-Delivered Hiv Prevention Intervention For African American Teenage Females, Charles H. Klein, Josefina J. Card

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study translated SiHLE (Sisters Informing, Healing, Living, and Empowering), a 12-hour Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evidence based group-level intervention for African American females 14-18 years of age, into a 2-hour computer-delivered individual-level intervention. A randomized controlled trial (n = 178) was conducted to examine the efficacy of the new Multimedia SiHLE intervention. Average condom-protected sex acts (proportion of vaginal sex acts with condoms, last 90 days) for sexually active participants receiving Multimedia SiHLE rose from M = 51% at baseline to M = 71% at 3-month follow-up (t = 2.06, p = .05); no statistically significant difference …

Pertussis In Ohio: A Descriptive Analysis Of The 2010 Columbus Outbreak And Patterns Of A Reemerging Childhood Disease, Christopher Rohde

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: In 2010, Columbus, Ohio experienced the largest outbreak of pertussis that it has had in the past 25 years. Similar outbreaks are occurring across the nation on an increasing basis. This descriptive study examines the 2010 outbreak and describes the demographics of the affected population. Comparison is made to previous and current pertussis incidence in Ohio and outbreaks elsewhere in the United States. Contributing factors to the increasing occurrence of pertussis outbreaks are discussed.

Methods: Raw data was obtained from the Columbus Public Health epidemiology department and is gathered through the Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS). Pertussis cases are …

Prevalence Of Obesity Among Head Start Preschoolers In Western Ohio, Angela Sims

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: The intent of this study was to examine low income Head Start overweight and obese preschoolers, ages 3-5, in 8 western Ohio counties. Variables of interest included: obesity status, rural versus metropolitan location, home versus center-based Head Start, and access to physicians.

Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from the host Head Start site located in Piqua, Ohio. All Head Start enrolled preschoolers (N=1,181) ages 3 to 5 within the 8 western Ohio counties and 43 programs were studied. All children were considered of low income based on their acceptance into the Head Start program.

The data was retrieved from …

Evidence-Based Public Health Practices For Screening For Postpartum Depression, Roula Hilli

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Five to 20 percent of the women worldwide suffer from Post Partum depression (PPD) which has serious negative impacts on the mother and her newborn. Although PPD is a preventive disease thorough screening using different tools, half of its cases are left undetected.

Purpose of the study: Is to find the best practice for PPD screening, which includes the best screening tool, best setting for screening, best administration period and the best cut-off score.

Methods: It is an Evidence-based Public Health (EBPH) review through a comparative study of 82 studies since 2005 that screened women for PPD in the …