Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Jail, An Unappreciated Medical Home: Assessing The Feasibility Of A Strengths-Based Case Management Intervention To Improve The Care Retention Of Hiv-Infected Persons Once Released From Jail, Anne C. Spaulding, Ana Drobeniuc, Paula M. Frew, Tiffany L. Lemon, Emeli J. Anderson, Colin Cerwonka, Chava Bowden, John Freshley, Carlos Del Rio

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background Linkage to and retention in care for US persons living with HIV (PLWH) after release from jail usually declines. We know of no rigorously evaluated behavioral interventions that can improve this. We hypothesized that a strengths-based case management intervention that we developed for PLWH leaving jail would increase linkage/retention in care (indicated by receipt of laboratory draws) and a suppressed HIV viral load (VL) in the year following release. Methods and findings We conducted a quasi-experimental feasibility study of our intervention for PLWH jailed in Atlanta. We recruited 113 PLWH in jail starting in 2014. “SUCCESS” (Sustained, Unbroken Connection …

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, And Dyslipidemia In Student-Run Screening Clinics For Rural Communities In The Sierra Norte Of Puebla, Mexico, Sean Navin, Daniel M. Tomaszewski

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background: The growing prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and in Mexico highlights the need for preventative health care services. Rural communities worldwide lack access to such services. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of HTN, DM, and dyslipidemia in student-run screening clinics in rural communities of the Sierra Norte of Puebla, Mexico to better understand the role the clinics play for the patients served.

Methods: Data were collected from patients from rural, Mexican towns participating in free pharmacy student-run screening clinics. Patients consented to have their de-identified information pooled for re-search. Screenings …

Utilization Of Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission (Pmtct) Services Among Pregnant Women In Hiv Care In Uganda: A 24-Month Cohort Of Women From Pre-Conception To Post-Delivery., Rhoda K Wanyenze, Kathy Goggin, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Deborah Mindry, Josephine Birungi, Mahlet Woldetsadik, Glenn J Wagner

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in a cohort of HIV infected women in care at The AIDS Support Organization Jinja and Kampala in Uganda, who were trying to conceive, over a period of 24 months, to inform the strengthening of PMTCT service access for women in care.

RESULTS: Of the 299 women 127 (42.5%) reported at least one pregnancy within 24 months; 61 women (48.0%) delivered a live child. Of the 55 who had a live birth at the first pregnancy, 54 (98.2%) used antenatal care (ANC) starting at 15.5 weeks of gestation …

Designing A Socio-Normative Intervention To Reduce Anemia In Odisha India: A Formative Research Protocol [Version 1; Referees: 2 Approved], Erica Sedlander, Rajiv N Rimal, Sameera A Talegawkar, Hagere Yilma, Wolfgang Munar

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: More than half of women of reproductive age in India are anemic. Anemia is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, higher maternal mortality and contributes to fatigue, which affects women’s work productivity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends daily oral iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements during pregnancy and weekly supplements for women of reproductive age. Government programs and global donors have distributed and promoted IFA supplements in India for over four decades. However, initial intake and compliance remain inadequate.
Objectives: This protocol describes the formative research phase of a larger study, which will test, through a randomized …

Exploring The Need Of Hpv Education Programs In Korean American Communities, Emilia Mondragón, Young-Me Lee

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Aim: 1) To identify cultural influences and other barriers affecting HPV vaccination decisions, 2) To identify educational methods that can deliver HPV related information to Korean American (KA) parents effectively

Background: Given significant concerns about HPV infection, lower immunization rates, and higher cervical cancer risks facing Korean Americans, it is imperative to better understand the barriers to vaccination. Currently, there is no HPV-focused education program that considers the linguistic and cultural barriers of the KA community. Additionally, there is a lack of effective educational content and methods available to reach KA parents.

Methods: An exploratory, qualitative design was conducted. Content …

Partnership Between Islam And Palliative Care At Swedish Health Services, Hodo Mohamud, Renee Rassilyer-Bomers, Samantha Bohn, Greg Malone, Hilaire Thompson (Faculty Capstone Project Committee Chair), Eeeseung Byun (Committee Member), Margaret Heitkemper (Committee Member)

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The spiritual practice of Islam is considered one of the three major monotheistic religions. Islam is the second largest religion in the world with 1.6 billion followers; about 3.5 million of those live in the U.S.1 The number of Muslims in the U.S. is projected to double by 2030.1 Additionally, the number of adults age 65 and older in the U.S. is projected to double from 46 million today to over 98 million by 2060.2 As the U.S. population ages, many healthcare workers are often too overwhelmed to handle the varying and intricate social, economic, familial, spiritual, and cultural needs …

Addressing Hydrocephaly In Viet Nam: A Plausible Prevention And Intervention Medical Support Program Proposal, Chelle Mcintyre-Brewer

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Families affected by hydrocephalus in Viet Nam have few options for sustainable treatment for a myriad of reasons, primarily centering on barriers to care prevalent to minority, underserved, and economically disadvantaged populations. High morbidity and abandonment rates often result from these circumstances. An interdisciplinary examination of the factors contributing to causal concerns reveals unique cultural considerations, language and literacy barriers, ethnic and geographic differences, as well as economic and governmental issues greatly impacting patient outcome for this condition. The author contends that a program that addresses sociological concerns, along with the medical treatment of the patient, proffers the opportunity for …

Primary Care-Related Emergency Department Use, Tiffany Wetz

Theses & Dissertations

Primary care-related emergency department use has become a focal point in the United States considering health reform and changes made to the delivery model and reimbursement mechanisms. Emergency departments serve as critical access points within the United States delivery system because important medical resources are made available for all members within the community. However, a gap in the literature exists due to a lack of consensus regarding factors that influence emergency department use for primary care-related health needs. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between demographic, social, economic, geographic, and need factors that influenced use of …

Tobacco Dependence Treatment In The Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial Using The Multiphase Optimization Strategy., Steven L Bernstein, James Dziura, June Weiss, Ted Miller, Katrina A Vickerman, Lauretta E Grau, Michael V Pantalon, Lorien Abroms, Linda M Collins, Benjamin Toll

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background

Tobacco dependence remains the leading preventable cause of death in the developed world. Smokers are disproportionately from lower socioeconomic groups, and may use the hospital emergency department (ED) as an important source of care. A recent clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to help smokers quit, but the independent contributions of those components is unknown.

Methods

This is a full-factorial (16-arm) randomized trial in a busy hospital ED of 4 tobacco dependence interventions: brief motivational interviewing, nicotine replacement therapy, referral to a telephone quitline, and a texting program. The trial utilizes the Multiphase Optimization …

Identifying Windows Of Opportunity For Active Living And Healthy Eating Policies In Connecticut, 2016, Anna E. Greer, Ann-Uriel Knausenberger

Public Health Faculty Publications

We examined the relative importance of 23 community issues among elected officials and health directors in Connecticut in 2016. For this cross-sectional study, 74 elected officials (40.7% response rate) and 47 health directors (62.7% response rate), who were purposively sampled, completed a questionnaire to rate their perceived importance of 23 community issues. Eight of these issues were related to active living, healthy eating, or obesity. We used χ2 tests to evaluate differences in responses. Compared with elected officials, health directors significantly more often perceived obesity, access to healthy groceries, poor nutrition, lack of pedestrian walkways, and pedestrian safety as important. …

Effects Of Index Client And Geo-Targeting On Hiv Case Identification: An Observational Study, E. Oladele, William Menson, O-O Badejo, E. Onwasigwe, I. Iyamu, A. Olarinoye, C. Agbakwuru, T. Bruno, H. Khamofu, Ee Ezeanolue

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background Despite huge investments in HIV prevention, treatment, and care in sub-Saharan Africa, fewer than one in 10 individuals knows their HIV status, and 40% of individuals living with HIV are not cognisant of their positive status. Efforts to improve and strengthen HIV service delivery, particularly in HIV testing, are necessary to increase efficiency in HIV case finding and optimise service delivery. Standard approaches to HIV testing have not been effective in addressing this gap. Our objective was to evaluate a targeted approach for HIV case identification in a PEPFAR-supported HIV programme in Nigeria. Methods Between October, 2016, and June, …

American Indian Youth: A Residential Camp Program For Wellness, Francine C. Gachupin, Jennie R. Joe

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The American Indian Youth Summer Wellness Camp strives to increase physical activity and healthful eating among at-risk southwest American Indian youth. The Wellness Camp is one week in duration and involves youth, aged 10-15 years. Youth who attend camp are self-selected or referred by local tribal health programs. In any given summer, 35-60 youth attend camp. Approximately 20%-33% of youth return from one year to the next. We describe our program to increase healthy lifestyles among American Indian youth at risk for overweight, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Wellness Camp Program includes five primary components: (1) cultural capital, (2) …

Health Insurance Enrollment Of Children And Young Adults In Wayne County, Michigan: A Qualitative Evaluation, Kristin Kan, Richard Lichtenstein, Michelle Famulare, Alison Jensen, Theresa Kowalski-Dobson, Joslyn Pettway, Erminia Ramirez, Madiha Tariq, Minal Patel

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Since the Affordable Care Act went into effect, community outreach to increase health insurance enrollment of young adults and children in low-income families of color has been a priority in Wayne County, Michigan. Our objective was to inform community efforts for improved outreach, we explored perceptions around the importance of health insurance and barriers to enrollment for children and young adults through a qualitative research study. We conducted a focus group with enrollment assisters and nine focus groups with Arab American, Latino/Hispanic, and African American community members. Several themes emerged about community members’ perceptions and experiences: they believe that children …

Perceptions Of Chronic Disease Among Older African Americans: A Qualitative Analysis, Karon Phillips, Charles Rogers, Adrienne Morgan

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Research has documented that African Americans suffer disproportionately from chronic diseases when compared to the general population. Yet, limited research examines older African Americans’ perceptions about having chronic diseases. Accordingly, the first aim of the study provided insight into this disparity with the intent of revealing how older African Americans feel about their overall health, and how much they understand about their individual chronic disease(s). The second aim was to gather information about strategies and coping mechanisms older African Americans use to manage their chronic diseases. The purpose of this aim was to determine if any of the strategies they …

Wdph 2017 Summer Internship Report, Lauren Meininger

Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise

In the spring of 2014, the Worcester Division of Public Health, UMass Memorial Health Care, and Clark University’s Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise joined forces to begin developing a partnership that would combine academic resources, student input, and public health needs in the City of Worcester. Founders of this program were motivated to seek and implement innovative interventions for public health issues while simultaneously inspiring a new generation of public health professionals.

Each year, the Academic Health Collaborative of Worcester (AHCW) brings in student interns to work on the pressing public health issues of the moment. Interns work alongside epidemiologists, …

Process Evaluation Of The Healthesteps™ Lifestyle Prescription Program, Wendy Blunt, Dawn P. Gill, Brendan Riggin, Judith Belle Brown, Robert Petrella

Lifestyle Research Team

Background: Physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, and poor diet are contributing to the rise in chronic disease rates throughout the world. HealtheSteps™ is a lifestyle prescription program focused on reducing risk factors for chronic disease through in-person coaching sessions, goal setting and tracking, and technology supports.

Purpose:A process evaluation was conducted alongside a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to: a) explore the acceptability of HealtheSteps™ program from coach and participant perspectives; and b) identify where the program can be improved.

Methods:Participants at risk or diagnosed with a chronic disease were recruited from five primary care/health services …

Qualitative Evaluation Of The Saleema Campaign To Eliminate Female Genital Mutilation And Cutting In Sudan., Andrea C Johnson, W Douglas Evans, Nicole Barrett, Howida Badri, Tamador Abdalla, Cody Donahue

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Female genital mutilation and cutting (FGM/C, herein FGM) is a widespread and harmful practice. The Government developed a national campaign in Sudan, called Saleema, to change social norms discouraging FGM. Saleema translates to being "whole", healthy in body and mind, unharmed, intact, pristine, and untouched, in a God-given condition. An interim evaluation was conducted using focus groups among Sudanese adults. The primary aim was to explore perceptions of the Saleema poster exemplars and to assess if the desired themes were being communicated. Secondary aims were to understand more about participants' information sources, values, and suggestions for the campaign broadly. …

Community Health News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Georgia Southern Professor Selected a Governor’s Teaching Fellow

Community Health News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• East Carolina, Georgia Southern Examine Tobacco Policies, Alcohol Sponsorship at LGBT Pride Festivals

Comparing Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women Who Use Grindr, Other Similar Social And Sexual Networking Apps, Or No Social And Sexual Networking Apps: Implications For Recruitment And Health Promotion, Christina J. Sun, Erin L. Sutfin, Laura H. Bachmann, Jason Stowers, Scott D. Rhodes

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: Researchers and public health professionals have increased their attention to GPS-based social and sexual networking applications (apps) tailored to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women. These populations continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV in the United States; therefore, these apps, in particular Grindr, have become an important sampling venue for the recruitment of HIV-related research participants. As such, it is essential to identify differences among app users to avoid potential sampling bias. This paper seeks to identify differences in MSM and transgender women who use Grindr and those who …