Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

The Incidence Of Common Respiratory Viruses During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Results From The Louisville Covid-19 Epidemiology Study, Brian C. Bohn Pharmd, Bcidp, Ashley M. Wilde Pharmd, Bcps-Aq Id, Sarah E. Moore Pharmd, Matthew Song Pharmd, Bcidp, Clayton J. Patross Pharmd, Bcps, Alan D. Junkins Phd, D(Abmm), Paul Schulz Md, Julio A. Ramirez Md Facp

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Social distancing has been utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2; it is also expected to reduce the spread of common respiratory viruses.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study assessed the rate of positivity of common respiratory viruses from a commercially available respiratory pathogen panel across a five-hospital health system during four-week periods within March to April of 2019 and 2020.

Results: During the four-week period in 2019, the percent positivity of common respiratory viruses from week 1 to week 4 decreased from 6 to 32% among the four included viruses. In the comparator period in …

Health-Related Quality Of Life And Work Ability Of Smallholder Rice Farm Workers In San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines, Artemio Morado Gonzales Jr, Ryan Mark Aloro Ambong, Leoniel Salibio Bais, Lendon Perez Macaspac

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Health is an integral form of human capital that can positively influence agricultural worker productivity in the physical, mental, and social domains. Poor health usually represents a burden to farm workers because a failure to meet scheduled tasks on the farm can later affect the dependents who rely on it for food nourishment and sustained livelihood. This study aims to determine the association between health and the work capabilities of smallholder rice farm workers in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 farm workers. The SF-36 (HRQoL) and Work Ability …

Dietary Behaviours Among Han, Tujia And Miao Primary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey In Chongqing, China, Zhengjie Cai, Jinli Xian, Xianglong Xu, Ziwei Zhang, Camila Araujo, Manoj Sharma, Yong Zhao

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Background and Purpose: Exploring the differences of children’s dietary behaviours from different nationalities could provide a reference for targeted nutritional interventions. This study aims to assess the dietary behaviours among Han, Tujia and Miao primary school students and the differences among the ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 556 primary school students (249 Han, 76 Tujia and 231 Miao students) aged 6– 13 years from the representative minority areas of Chongqing, China. Data were collected with a self-administered or one-on-one interview-based questionnaire encompassing questions on sociodemographics, eating habits and dietary intake. Eating habits and dietary intake were …

What’S In Wildfire Smoke, And Why Is It So Bad For Your Lungs?, Luke Montrose

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

If I dare to give the coronavirus credit for anything, I would say it has made people more conscious of the air they breathe.

A friend texted me recently after going for a jog in the foothills near Boise, Idaho, writing: “My lungs are burning … explain what’s happening!!!”

A wildfire was burning to the east of town – one of hundreds of fires that were sending smoke and ash through communities in hot, dry western states. As an environmental toxicologist, I research how air pollution, particularly wood smoke, impacts human health and disease.

Adherence To Hiv Antiretroviral Therapy Among Pregnant And Postpartum Women During The Option B+ Era: 12-Month Cohort Study In Urban South Africa And Rural Uganda, Lynn T. Matthews, Catherine Orrell, Mwebesa B. Bwana, Alexander C. Tsai, Christina A. Psaros, Stephen Asiimwe, Gideon Amanyire, Nicholas Musinguzi, Kathleen Bell, David Bangsberg, Jessica E. Haberer

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction: We conducted a cohort study to understand patterns of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence during pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnancy follow-up among women initiating ART in public clinics offering Option B+ in rural Uganda and urban South Africa. Methods: We collected survey data, continuously monitored ART adherence (Wisepill), HIV-RNA and pregnancy tests at zero, six and twelve months from women initiating ART in Uganda and South Africa, 2015 to 2017. The primary predictor of interest was follow-up time categorized as pregnant (pregnancy diagnosis to pregnancy end), postpartum (pregnancy end to study exit) or non-pregnancy-related (neither pregnant nor postpartum). Fractional regression …

Identifying, Adapting, And Implementing A Weight Management Program In Rural Primary Care, Gwenndolyn Porter

Theses & Dissertations

Rural adults are at heightened risk for obesity, yet evidence‐based interventions lack consistent translation into clinical practice. This multi-phase study addresses this gap. First, a systematic review and meta-analysis of rural adult weight loss interventions were conducted to assess overall impact. Though few studies reported participant representativeness, meta‐analyses revealed a significant weight reduction among interventions. Second, 10 focus groups were conducted with primary care (PC) staff to determine the feasibility of implementing a weight-management program through PC. Differences in responses among rural, micropolitan, and metropolitan was also assessed. Thematic analyses revealed rural PC currently lacks the capacity to manage patient …

A Comparison Of Mits Counseling And Informed Consent Processes In Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Kenya, And Ethiopia, Anam Shahil Feroz, Christina Paganelli, Milka Bunei, Beza Eshetu, Shahana Parveen, Sayyeda Reza, Chaitali Sanji, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Sarah Saleem

Community Health Sciences

Globally, more than 5 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually. For many, the cause of death (CoD) is unknown. Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) has been increasingly used in postmortem examinations for ascertaining the CoD in stillbirths and neonates. Our study compared the counseling and consent methods used in MITS projects in five countries in Africa and south Asia. Key informant interviews were conducted with researchers to describe the characteristics and backgrounds of counselors, the environment and timing of consent and perceived facilitators and barriers encountered during the consent process. Counselors at all sites had backgrounds in social science, …

Identifying And Structuring Long-Term Community Engagement Platforms For San Francisco's Ending The Hiv/Hcv/Sti Epidemics Initiative, Adam Landeros

Master's Projects and Capstones

Purpose: The primary objective for this project was to develop recommendations for a long-term community engagement structure and process for the ten-year implementation of the San Francisco Department of Public Health’s Ending the HIV/HCV/STI Epidemics initiative.

Background: Community engagement offers public health practitioners, researchers, and policymakers the opportunity for open, respectful dialogue with community members in pursuit of a common goal. This project was designed to explore different community engagement coordinators’ experiences with undertaking such initiatives, in order to inform a large-scale funding proposal being pursued by the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH).

Methods: Phase 1 of the …

Promoting Community Engagement Through Basic User Tutorial Of Epa Geospatial Screening Tools, Jonas Nguyen

Master's Projects and Capstones

Social inequalities are riddled with health disparities and outcomes leading toward lower life expectancy. Communities of color, low income, and rural neighborhoods lack the voice and resources to effectively oppose industrial settlement which would likely lead to the release of toxic wastes into the water, air and ground ultimately affecting residential health. Empowering members through community engagement is a relatively new strategic process where researchers are finding mutual benefits in design, implementation, and results. This study aims to identify and promote tools for community engagement within the scope of environmental justice by working with EPA geospatial screening tools and designing …

Con Confianza: Using Community-Based Participatory Research Principles To Inform Community-Academic Partnership Practices And Build Trust In Hispanic Communities, Sharon Tafolla

Master's Projects and Capstones

Hispanic communities are at disproportionate risk for chronic diseases and researchers have cited the need for further community and culturally informed studies to improve research outcomes to either make treatments and interventions more generalizable or modify them to the needs of Hispanic communities. However, many of the same linguistic and cultural barriers to health care access and utilization also impact the ability for Hispanic groups to participate in research studies. Community Academic Partnerships (CAPs) are positioned to conduct culturally and linguistically competent research in Hispanic communities. For research in Hispanic communities to be effective, CAPs must prioritize practices that build …

Treading Water: Coping With Uncertainty During A Novel Pandemic, Sachin Patel

Patient Experience Journal

The abruptness with which the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the delivery of healthcare will have a lasting effect on patients and families of intensive care unit survivors. Using the best science and epidemiology healthcare systems developed protocols and policies to implement the highest level of care but mitigate disease spread. Out of these initiatives the “no visitor” policy was born. The impact of COVID-19 causing florid respiratory failure immediately derailed the lives of a happily retired couple. While on mechanical ventilation for sixteen days, Betty was unable to connect with her husband of over 40 years. In that time, the …

Michigan Food Insecurity, Food Access, And Food Worries During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Alyssa W. Beavers, Michelle M. Litton

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

America At A Glance: Social Isolation And Loneliness During The First Wave Of Covid-19, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

Social isolation and loneliness are a public health concern because they are associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes and mortality. To learn more about how COVID-19 and related responses (i.e. stay-at-home orders) may contribute to feelings of social isolation and loneliness among people with disabilities, we compared data from two cross-sectional samples collected before and after the first wave of “stay-at-home” orders. Post-COVID rural and urban samples reported significantly more interactions with family and close friends. Post-COVID urban respondents reported significantly lower rates of feeling left out, while the post-COVID rural respondents reported similar rates.

Building A Book Of Benefits: Producing A Community Resource Guide To Support Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Morgan Storino, Hoonani M. Cuadrado, Bennie Eliason Chw

Research Scholars Poster Presentation

No abstract provided.

Using Natural Language Processing And Sentiment Analysis To Augment Traditional User-Centered Design: Development And Usability Study, Curtis L. Petersen, Ryan Halter, David Kotz, Lorie Loeb, Summer B. Cook, Dawna M. Pidgeon, Brock Christensen, John A. Batsis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Sarcopenia, defined as the age-associated loss of muscle mass and strength, can be effectively mitigated through resistance-based physical activity. With compliance at approximately 40% for home-based exercise prescriptions, implementing a remote sensing system would help patients and clinicians to better understand treatment progress and increase compliance. The inclusion of end users in the development of mobile apps for remote-sensing systems can ensure that they are both user friendly and facilitate compliance. With advancements in natural language processing (NLP), there is potential for these methods to be used with data collected through the user-centered design process.

Objective: This study aims …

Housing Stability And Diabetes Among People Living In New York City Public Housing, Sungwoo Lim, Sze Yan Liu, Melanie H. Jacobson, Eugenie Poirot, Aldo Crossa, Sean Locke, Jennifer Brite, Elizabeth Hamby, Zinzi Bailey, Stephanie Farquhar

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Public housing provides affordable housing and, potentially, housing stability for low-income families. Housing stability may be associated with lower incidence or prevalence and better management of a range of health conditions through many mechanisms. We aimed to test the hypotheses that public housing residency is associated with both housing stability and reduced risk of diabetes incidence, and the relationship between public housing and diabetes risk varies by levels of housing stability. Using 2004-16 World Trade Center Health Registry data, we compared outcomes (housing stability measured by sequence analysis of addresses, self-reported diabetes diagnoses) between 730 New York City public housing …

Impact Of The Societal Response To Covid-19 On Access To Healthcare For Non-Covid-19 Health Issues In Slum Communities Of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria And Pakistan: Results Of Pre-Covid And Covid-19 Lockdown Stakeholder Engagements, Syed A K Shifat Ahmed, Motunrayo Ajisola, Kehkashan Azeem, Pauline Bakibinga, Yen-Fu Chen, Narjis Rizvi, Syed Iqbal Azam, Romaina Iqbal, Ahsana Nazish, Komal Tabani

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: With COVID-19, there is urgency for policymakers to understand and respond to the health needs of slum communities. Lockdowns for pandemic control have health, social and economic consequences. We consider access to healthcare before and during COVID-19 with those working and living in slum communities.
Methods: In seven slums in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan, we explored stakeholder perspectives and experiences of healthcare access for non-COVID-19 conditions in two periods: pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 lockdowns.
Results: Between March 2018 and May 2020, we engaged with 860 community leaders, residents, health workers and local authority representatives. Perceived common illnesses in …

Physical Activity, Eating Behaviours And Body Satisfaction Among Private Preschoolers In Putrajaya, Poh Then Woh

Student Works (2020-2029)

Numerous studies had focused on examining the physical activity level, eating behaviours and body satisfaction worldwide. Additionally, some researchers have explored the gender differences of primary school students and adolescents as well as the correlation between these three variables. However, there are fewer studies that involve preschoolers and young children. Hence, the purpose of this study is to seek better understanding of the physical activity level, eating behaviour and body satisfaction among pre-schoolers in Malaysia. The Federal Territory of Putrajaya was being selected as the study’s location as it marked the highest percentage of children; and highest overweight and obesity …

Anesthesia Services In The Time Of Covid, James Chen, Daisy Sangroula, Katelyn Williams, Sydney Pham, Ozan Akca, Jiapeng Huang, Sean Clifford

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Our hospital is a 400-bed, Level-1 trauma center with 78 intensive care unit (ICU) beds serving the greater Louisville metropolitan area. The COVID-19 pandemic forced our hospital to re-evaluate our core business operations and to develop a coherent response to a fluid situation. Between March 15 and May 15, 2020, the University of Louisville Hospital admitted more than 100 COVID-19 inpatients; approximately 30 were admitted to the ICU, and most required endotracheal intubation. The following review describes our Department of Anesthesiology \& Perioperative Medicine foci, actions, and rationale during the COVID-19 pandemic. While we hope not to experience another pandemic …

Empowering The Lowland Indigenous Community Through Child Health And Nutrition Program In Occidental Mindoro Province, Philippines, Artemio Morado Gonzales Jr

ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement

Nutrition and child health programs were integrated into the extension programs from 2016-2018 of the Occidental Mindoro State College, in partnership with the local government unit at the municipal and barangay levels. This paper presents the health extension tools and techniques used in preventative care and the promotion of child health services in the indigenous community of Sitio Bato Singit, in the Occidental Mindoro Province, Philippines. Health education, small group techniques, demonstrations, storytelling, informal talks, and open forums were the methods and techniques employed to implement the program. The common tools used were seating arrangements, flip-charting, props, social hours, and …