Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Neuromagnetic Measures Of Word Processing In Bilinguals And Monolinguals, Yingying Wang, Jing Xiang, Jennifer Vannest, Tom Holroyd, Daria Narmoneva, Paul Horn, Yinhong Liu, Douglas Rose, Ton Degrauw, Scott Holland

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Objective: This study aimed to use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the question of whether Mandarin-English bilingual speakers recruit the same cortical areas or develop distinct language-specific networks without overlaps for word processing.

Methods: Eight healthy Mandarin-English bilingual adults and eight healthy English monolingual adults were scanned while single-word paradigms were audio-visually presented.

Results: Our results showed significantly stronger beta-band power suppression in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL) covering the supramarginal gyrus (BA 40) and angular gyrus (BA 39) for bilinguals when processing Mandarin versus English. Moreover, there were no significant differences between bilinguals and monolinguals in the left inferior …

Psychological Behaviorism Theory Of Bipolar Disorder, Helmut P.R. Riedel, Elaine M. Heiby, Stephen Kopetskie

The Psychological Record

This review addresses the etiology of bipolar disorder and
presents the literature within a psychological behaviorism
framework (Staats, 1996; Staats & Heiby, 1985). The proposed
theory attempts to provide an integrative developmental approach
that is grounded in established behavioral principles. The bipolar
theory posits 15 hypotheses based on past and concurrent
biological and situational factors as well as their interactions with
an individual's basic behavioral repertoires. Implications for
subclassification and treatment research are noted.

Sleep Assessments In Healthy School-Aged Children Using Actigraphy: Concordance With Polysomnography, Karen Spruyt, David Gozal, Ehab Dayyat, Adrienne Roman, Dennis L. Molfese

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Actigraphic recordings (ACT) are widely used in school children as a less intrusive and more extended approach to evaluation of sleep problems. However, critical assessment of the validity and reliability of ACT against overnight polysomnography (NPSG) are unavailable. Thus, we explored the degree of concordance between NPSG and ACT in school-aged children to delineate potential ACT boundaries when interpreting pediatric sleep. Non-dominant wrist ACT was simultaneously recorded with NPSG in 149 healthy school-aged children (4.1 to 8.8 years old, 41.7% boys and 80.4% Caucasian) recruited from the community. Analyses were limited to the Actiware (MiniMitter-64) calculated parameters originating from 1-min …

Strategies For Managing Large Online Classes, Patt Elison-Bowers, Jaime Sand, M. Rose Barlow, Thomas J. Wing

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Online classroom instruction is an exciting technology and continues to draw the attention of students, instructors and administrators working or studying in educational settings. Large numbers of faculty are currently involved in teaching online or hybrid courses within their educational institutions. At the present time, "very large" online classes are usually defined as 150 students and above. Many instructors are now experimenting with making online learning options available to even larger audiences and online class sizes are increasing rapidly. This paper presents guidelines for managing large online courses. Among key elements important in meeting the needs of the distant learner …

The Traumatic Stress Response In Child Maltreatment And Resultant Neuropsychological Effects, Kathryn R. Wilson, David J. Hansen, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Child maltreatment is a pervasive problem in our society that has long-term detrimental consequences to the development of the affected child such as future brain growth and functioning. In this paper, we surveyed empirical evidence on the neuropsychological effects of child maltreatment, with a special emphasis on emotional, behavioral, and cognitive process–response difficulties experienced by maltreated children. The alteration of the biochemical stress response system in the brain that changes an individual’s ability to respond efficiently and efficaciously to future stressors is conceptualized as the traumatic stress response. Vulnerable brain regions include the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the amygdala, the hippocampus, and …

Olanzapine And Risperidone Disrupt Conditioned Avoidance Responding By Selectively Weakening Motivational Salience Of Conditioned Stimulus: Further Evidence, Chen Zhang, Yiru Fang, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Suppression of conditioned avoidance response is a preclinical behavioral index of antipsychotic activity. Previous work shows that olanzapine and risperidone disrupt avoidance response elicited by a less salient conditioned stimulus (CS2) to a greater extent than avoidance elicited by a more salient stimulus (CS1), suggesting that antipsychotic drugs may have a weakening action on motivational salience of stimuli. In the present study, we further examined this mechanism of antipsychotic action, focusing on the possible impact of baseline difference of CS1 and CS2 response rates on the avoidance-disruptive effect of olanzapine and risperidone. Rats were first trained to acquire avoidance responding …

Policy And Practice: An Analysis Of The Implementation Of Supported Employment In Nebraska, Heng-Hsian N. Liu

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Supported employment (SE) is an evidence-based practice (EBP) for persons with severe mental illness (SMI) aimed at competitive employment.  SE has a large evidence base, demonstrating outcomes across settings and populations. SE has been promoted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and widely disseminated through the internet via a “community tool-kit” sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

The SE literature expresses the opinion that state governments can successfully implement SE.  Researchers have developed implementation guidelines and identified stages of statewide implementation; however, most SE implementation …

Juror Perceptions Of Juveniles Transferred To Criminal Court: The Role Of Generic Prejudice And Emotion In Determinations Of Guilt, Megan Beringer Jones

Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Research examining juror perceptions of juveniles tried as adults has provided mixed results, with some studies providing evidence of bias against juveniles tried as adults, and others finding no evidence of this bias.  The present research aimed to clarify this issue by examining the roles of generic prejudice and emotion in jurors’ judgments of juveniles tried as adults.  Study 1 assessed which stereotypes people associate with juveniles tried as adults compared to juveniles tried in juvenile court and adults tried in criminal court.  Study 2 examined to what extent angry, fearful, sad, and neutral mock jurors used these stereotypes to …

Sis-Map; Suicide Risk Assessment Scale, Amresh Srivastava

Data and Test Instruments

This is a New Scale for Assessment of suicide risk to evaluate clients referals and disposition. This Copy Right to Amresh Shrivastava and Chrles Nelson

Sleep Duration, Sleep Regularity, Body Weight, And Metabolic Homeostasis In School-Aged Children, Karen Spruyt, Dennis L. Molfese, David Gozal

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to explore the effects of duration and regularity of sleep schedules on BMI and the impact on metabolic regulation in children.

METHODS: Sleep patterns of 308 community-recruited children 4 to 10 years of age were assessed with wrist actigraphs for 1 week in a cross-sectional study, along with BMI assessment. Fasting morning plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein also were measured for a subsample.

RESULTS: Children slept 8 hours per night, on average, regardless of their weight categorization. A nonlinear trend between sleep and weight emerged. For obese children, …

Concurrent Herb-Prescription Medication Use And Health Care Provider Disclosure Among University Students, Cindy E. Mccrea, Mary E. Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives. To determine the extent to which college students are intermixing mood-altering herbs with prescription medications and whether they are disclosing this information to their health care providers.

Design and Setting. A nonrandom sample was drawn from the student body of a Northwestern state university (n=305).

Methods. In November 2008 participants completed an online survey detailing herb use, disclosure to health care providers and herb/medicinal intermixing.

Results. There were no demographic differences between herb users and non-users. Most herb usage was self-prescribed (60%) and undisclosed to healthcare providers (only 25% of herb users disclosed to a healthcare provider). 34% of …

Beyond Early Intervention, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Acsl6 Is Associated With The Number Of Cigarettes Smoked And Its Expression Is Altered By Chronic Nicotine Exposure, Jingchun Chen, Darlene H. Brunzell, Kia J. Jackson, Andrew Van Der Vaart, Jennie Z. Ma, Thomas J. Payne, Richard Sherva, Lindsay A. Farrer, Pablo Gejman, Douglas F. Levinson, Peter Holmans, Steven H. Aggen, Imad Damaj, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Bradley T. Webb, Raymond Anton, Henry R. Kranzler, Joel Gelemter, Minf D. Li, Kenneth S. Kendler, Xiangning Chen

Psychiatry Publications

Individuals with schizophrenia tend to be heavy smokers and are at high risk for tobacco dependence. However, the nature of the comorbidity is not entirely clear. We previously reported evidence for association of schizophrenia with SNPs and SNP haplotypes in a region of chromosome 5q containing the SPEC2, PDZ-GEF2 and ACSL6 genes. In this current study, analysis of the control subjects of the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS) sample showed similar pattern of association with number of cigarettes smoked per day (numCIG) for the same region. To further test if this locus is associated with tobacco smoking as measured …

Identifying Resiliency Factors In Commercially Sexually Exploited And Trafficked Youth: A Qualitative Study, Pamela Gutherie

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Although exact numbers are unknown, the largest prevalence study to date has estimated that between 1999-2000 alone a minimum of 244,000 children were at risk for being commercially sexually exploited in the United States, a number based on findings that approximately 70% of street youth and 30% of shelter youth engage in survival sex (Estes & Weiner, 2001). The consequences of commercial sexual exploitation can be devastating and range from mental and physical health problems, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence to death (Kramer & Berg, 2003). While some risk factors have been identified, with childhood sexual abuse being the …

The Effects Of A Net‐Centric Communication Tool On Communication Monitoring And Threat Detection, Kelly Satterfield, Victor Finomore, Courtney Castle

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

Command and Control (C2) operators rely heavily on radio and chat communication as well as tactical displays to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets. The integration of information for the C2 operator is critical for mission success. This environment, which is communication intensive, imposes a high degree of workload on operators thus resulting in failures of detection or comprehension of critical messages. Multi‐Modal Communication (MMC) is a net‐centric communication management suite with advanced tools to better equip the warfighter in managing their communication. This study examined performance associated with monitoring communication channels, while also monitoring a dynamic tactical visual …

Occurrence Human Factors Analysis Model (Ohfam), Luo Min, Rong Mei, Li Jing

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

In order to enhance the classification, analysis and utilization of safety information, China civil aviation develops a more suitable model named “Occurrence Human Factors Analysis Model(OHFAM)” ,which based on the “Human Factors Analysis and Classification System” (HFACS) and the actual operation conditions and characteristics of China civil aviation. This model consists of five layers and especially adds the layer of “Government Supervision” which reflects the deficiency of regulatory authorities in Safety Supervision. On the basis of safety information analysis and extensive research, OHFAM considers safety culture and operational characteristics of China civil aviation, and offers five layers in details from …

Digital Taxi Clearances In Airport Traffic Control Towers – Interface Design And Results From A High-Fidelity Simulation Experiment, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

The experiment examined the effects of Digital taxi (D-Taxi) clearances when either 40% or 75% of the departure aircraft were data link equipped and compared these conditions to voice-only operations. Sixteen Airport Traffic Control Tower controllers used the Tower Operations Digital Data System at the ground control and local control positions to control airport traffic with a 270- degree simulated out-the-window view. The controllers worked at each position in each experimental condition, provided ratings of subjective workload, and responded to questionnaires. D-Taxi clearances for departure aircraft reduced voice communication between pilots and the ground controller when 75% of the aircraft …

Assessing Crewworkload On An Instrument Meteorological Approach Into A Nonradar Airport, Marilyn French-St. George Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

European Air Traffic Management Program (CARE, 2003) recommendations for a 3- phased approach to workload assessment provided Transportation Safety Board investigators insight into how operating conditions for approaches into a non-radar airport under instrument meteorological conditions impact crew workload. It was possible to develop and use secondary task questions for three of four cognitive task domains. Qualitative assessment of verbal responses illustrated how crews use verbal information to support mental models. A trend towards longer response times for the cognitively more demanding questions supported the hypothesis that maintaining situational awareness of flight status within the approach sequence is cognitively more …

Human Factors Issues Of Navigation Reference System Waypoints, Shawn Pruchnicki, Bonny Christopher

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

As part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System initiative the Navigation Reference System waypoint grid was developed to realize additional benefits of area navigation. Despite industry and government involvement in the original design of the grid, it has been met by operators and air traffic controllers with limited enthusiasm. The FAA is sponsoring research to identify human factors issues that might explain this lack of usage and the development of mitigations or recommendations for those issues discovered. In this paper, we will discuss our initial examination of the Navigation Reference System and review potential recommendations to several areas for …

Human Performance Training: Successes And Failures In Civil Aviation, Alan E. Diehl Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2011

For over twenty years, two similar types of training have attempted to reduce aviator caused accidents. Crew Resource Management was widely adopted by U.S. airlines, and has generally been credited with helping to dramatically reduce their accident rates. Interestingly, CRM was embraced with little scientific evidence that it could actually reduce operational errors. In contrast, Aeronautical Decision Making, aimed at general aviation users, underwent a series of double-blind experiments before being adopted. And, although some users suggested ADM training significantly reduced their accidents, it was never fully implemented. This may explain the limited improvement in general aviation accident rates, when …